OCT-M技术生产硫质量分数≯150 μg/g和≯50 μg/g清洁汽油的工业应用

石家庄炼油化工股份有限公司60 万t/aOCT-M FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫装置2005年3月首次开工,开工初期硫醇偏高,辛烷值损失较多.根据抚顺石油化工研究院的建议,优化了OCT-M装置的催化剂装填方案和操作工艺条件.2005年11月,在装置累计运转6个月之后,对OCT-M装置进行了满负荷标定,标定结果表明硫质量分数由606～676 μg/g降低到114～180 μg/g,RON损失0.4～0.6个单位.2006年11月,在装置累计运转17个月之后,对OCT-M装置又进行了一次标定,标定结果表明MIP汽油硫质量分数由417～442 μg/g降低到24～53 μg/g,RON损失0.7～1.8个单位,标定结果表明OCT-M技术可为我国炼厂生产硫质量分数≯150 μg/g)和硫质量分数≯50 μg/g的清洁汽油提供经济、灵活的技术方案.     

加氢脱硫和溶剂抽提组合技术生产 清洁汽油应用情况

为了生产出符合国标的清洁汽油,降低汽油中有害物质硫含量,同时减少汽油辛烷值RON损失,清江石化采用了中国石油化工股份有限公司石油化工科学研究院开发的溶剂抽提-选择性加氢脱硫组合技术,通过此技术在一定的操作条件下处理清江石化高含硫、高烯烃催化裂化汽油,达到汽油中硫质量分数≯10μg/g,产品的辛烷值RON损失不大于1. 8个单位。     

OCT-ME技术生产“无硫汽油”工业应用

为了满足在辛烷值损失较小的情况下生产"无硫汽油",抚顺石油化工研究院开发出了OCT-ME催化汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术。2012年,首套OCT-ME装置在中国石化湛江东兴石油化工有限公司成功工业应用,标定结果表明OCT-ME技术将FCC汽油硫质量分数由平均466μg/g降低到9.7μg/g,RON损失1.8个单位,表明OCT-ME技术能够满足我国炼厂生产"无硫汽油"的需要。     

OCT-M技术生产硫质量分数≯150μg/g和50≯μg/g清洁汽油的工业应用

石家庄炼油化工股份有限公司60万t／aOCT-MFCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫装置2005年3月首次开工，开工初期硫醇偏高，辛烷值损失较多。根据抚顺石油化工研究院的建议，优化了OCT—M装置的催化剂装填方案和操作工艺条件。2005年11月，在装置累计运转6个月之后，对OCT—M装置进行了满负荷标定，标定结果表明硫质量分数由606—676μg/g降低到114—180μg/g，RON损失0．4—0．6个单位。2006年11月，在装置累计运转17个月之后，对OCT—M装置又进行了一次标定，标定结果表明MIP汽油硫质量分数由417—442μg/g降低到24—53μg/g，RON损失0．7—1．8个单位，标定结果表明OCT—M技术可为我国炼厂生产硫质量分数≯150μg/g）和硫质量分数≯50μg/g的清洁汽油提供经济、灵活的技术方案。     

OCT-M技术生产清洁汽油的工业应用

石家庄炼油化工股份有限公司60万t/a OCT-M FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫装置2005年3月首次开工,开工初期硫醇偏高,辛烷值损失较多.根据抚顺石油化工研究院的建议,优化了OCT-M装置的催化剂装填方案和操作工艺条件.2005年11月,在装置累计运转6个月之后,对OCT-M装置进行了满负荷标定,标定结果表明硫含量由606～676 μg/g降低到114～180 μg/g,RON损失0.4～0.6个单位.2006年11月,在装置累计运转17个月之后,对OCT-M装置又进行了一次标定,标定结果表明MIP汽油硫含量由417～442 μg/g降低到24～53 μg/g,RON损失0.7～1.8个单位,标定结果表明OCT-M技术可为我国炼厂生产硫含量≯150 μg/g)和硫含量≯50 μg/g的清洁汽油提供经济、灵活的技术方案.     

OCT-M催化裂化汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术的应用

介绍了抚顺石油化工研究院开发的OCT-M催化裂化汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术特点及其在洛阳分公司1．00Mt／a OCT-M装置进行工业应用试验的情况。标定结果表明,FCC汽油硫质量分数由820-1100μg／g降低到200弘g,g左右,RON损失0．7-1．9个单位,工业应用是成功的。     

MIP汽油生产硫含量≯50 μg/g汽油研究及工业应用

研究了MIP(Maximizing Iso-Paraffins,最大化多产异构烷烃FCC工艺)汽油与FCC汽油的性质特点,比较了抚顺石油化工研究院开发的OCT-M催化汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术将MIP汽油与FCC汽油硫含量降低到≯50 μg/g情况下(欧IV标准)其辛烷值损失情况.工业应用标定结果表明,OCT-M技术将MIP汽油硫含量由417～710 μg/g降低到24～28 μg/g,RON损失1.6～1.8个单位,表明OCT-M技术可为我国炼厂生产欧IV标准清洁汽油提供经济、灵活的技术方案.     

生产硫质量分数小于50 μg·g-1催化汽油加氢脱硫技术开发

研究了MIP汽油与常规FCC汽油的性质特点,比较了抚顺石油化工研究院(FRIPP)开发的OCT-M催化汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术将MIP汽油与FCC汽油硫质量分数降低到≯50 μg/g情况下其辛烷值损失情况.工业应用标定结果表明OCT-M技术可为我国炼厂生产w(硫)≯50 μg/g的清洁汽油提供经济、灵活的技术方案.     

OCT-MD技术生产“无硫汽油”的研究及工业应用

为了满足催化(FCC)汽油在辛烷值损失最小的情况下生产"无硫汽油"的需要,抚顺石油化工研究院(FRIPP)采用OCT-MD技术进行生产"无硫汽油"的研究和工业应用试验。应用结果表明,优化切割方案,采用OCT-MD技术,可以将FCC汽油硫含量由399μg/g降低到4.2μg/g,RON损失2.0个单位,为炼化企业生产国V清洁汽油提供了经济灵活的技术方案。     

全馏分催化汽油加氢脱硫工艺的标定与运行分析

中海油惠州炼化为了满足全厂汽油升级至国Ⅳ、Ⅴ标准的要求,新建一套50万吨/年催化汽油加氢脱硫装置。该装置采用全馏分催化汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术（CDOS-FRCN）,催化剂采用海顺德公司的催化剂专利技术。装置标定情况说明,催化汽油经全馏分加氢精制后,加氢精制汽油硫质量分数达到11 μg/g,硫醇硫质量分数达到10 μg/g,汽油辛烷值损失小于1.5个单位。二反入口温度对脱硫效果和辛烷值损失有很大影响,温度越高,则脱硫率越高,但辛烷值损失偏大。CDOS-FRCN技术能够有效降低汽油硫含量,减少辛烷值损失,可为炼油厂生产硫含量小于50 μg/g甚至10 μg/g的清洁汽油提供经济、灵活的技术方案。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。