碳酸钙结垢预测方法及应用效果对比

碳酸钙垢是油田注水过程中常见的一种垢型,它会严重影响油田开发的效果。本文主要介绍了碳酸钙的成垢步骤、成垢机理、碳酸钙垢的各种预测方法以及对预测方法的评估。最后本文对子北和甘谷驿两个采油厂的注入水情况进行了分析评价,分析结果表明,子北和甘谷驿采油厂碳酸钙结垢较为严重。     

甘谷驿采油厂水质稳定技术研究

甘谷驿采油厂储层属特低孔隙度、超低渗透率的致密砂岩储层,注入水水质要求高,而水质成分复杂且不稳定,其中有机物含量高,矿化度高,腐蚀、结垢均很严重,水处理难度大。本文通过研究,成功解决了以上这些在甘谷驿采油厂以及我国目前油田污水回注处理工艺中普遍存在的问题。水质经处理后可达到延长油田长6油层注入水水质标准,并具有腐蚀率低、水质稳定达标等特点。     

低渗透油藏超前注水理论及其实际应用

低渗透油田在开发时容易出现裂缝性油藏,注水也很容易受到裂缝影响而不均匀,导致油田产量低、稳产难、采收率低,低渗透油藏超前注水技术很好的解决了这个现状。本文先介绍了低渗透油藏超前注水理论的机理,重点以甘谷驿采油厂顾屯区块为例,说明低渗透油藏超前注水技术的应用。     

甘谷驿油田填砂压裂效果分析

甘谷驿油田属于典型的低渗透、低孔隙度油田。开发年限长、开采难度大、自然产出能力逐年降低。然而随着开发时间推进,旧井的开发年限逐年加长,可选的压裂层位少之又少。为了防治旧井压裂时,上下封结构的封隔器容易出现压裂时下封隔器不座封或压裂后下封隔器不收缩现象。目前所使用胍胶压裂工艺已经相当成熟;压裂反排工艺已经深入生产。     

甘谷驿油田南北储层电性差异成因分析

甘谷驿油田以东西向延河为界,其油田南部为常规储层,北部为低阻储层。根据对全区物源走向、沉积、边水侵入、断层等因素分析,得出甘谷驿油田物源走向为东北—西南,在油田形成后期由于地质构造活动,以延河为界形成断层,隔断了油田南北部储层的连通,影响了油层继续向南运移,且在延河北部边缘形成高点,向北逐渐降低,油田北部边水逐渐浸入,从而造成北部低阻油藏,由于受断层阻隔北部边水不能继续南移,进而成两套不同电阻率值且差异明显的含油储层。     

甘谷驿油田空气泡沫调驱数值模拟研究

为了改善甘谷驿低渗透油田水驱的开发效果,开展了空气泡沫调驱技术的数值模拟研究。通过数值模拟方法,建立了该区Z井区的三维地质模型,在历史拟合的基础上,优化了空气泡沫调驱的注采方案。根据数值模拟结果,最佳注采参数为:注泡沫液800m3,单井注液速度为10m3/d,空气注入速度30Nm3/h,最佳气液比为3:1,最佳泡沫剂质量浓度为0.3%。空气泡沫驱技术可以较好地改善低渗透油田水驱开发效果,达到降水增油的目的。     

甘谷驿油田唐157井区注水开发实践及效果分析

甘谷驿油田唐157井区油藏地质特征与储层特征研究表明井区长6油藏属于低渗透油藏,针对目前开发现状及目前存在的主要问题,通过已有井的动态资料研究单井产能、含水率变化及其油井产量的变化规律,对注采、井网系统、注水情况、水驱状况、动用状况及注水井的受效特征进行分析,综合评价了唐157井区的注水开发效果,为特低渗透油藏注水开发提供了可借鉴的经验。     

甘谷驿油田唐114井区注水方案研究

甘谷驿油田实施注水开发以来,注水区油井产量递减明显低于非注水区.针对水淹水窜、注采参数匹配和注水方案选择难题,对甘谷驿油田唐114井区注水方案及注采参数进行了研究.通过注采参数优化,建立非对称不稳定注水方案,设计正交实验,优选出了适合于研究区的非对称异步周期注水最优注采方案.     

降低抽油机冲次在采油生产中的现状及分析

甘谷驿油田是一个典型的低压、低渗、低孔隙、低饱和度的浅层油田.本文针对油井供液不足、特低产井等问题,在不更换采油设备的前提下,认为降低抽油机冲次是一种最可靠、最有效的办法.     

更正

正《辽宁化工》2013年42卷第12期1442页"下寺湾油田长8油层组储层特征分析"一文的作者单位应为"延长油田股份有限公司甘谷驿采油厂研究所"。特此更正。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。