控制脱盐水质量和成本的措施

脱盐水水质时有超标，致使脱盐水供应不时出现危机，成本大幅度超标。通过一系列技术改进，加强了生产技术管理，使脱盐水生产得到根本好转，消除了水质超标和供水危机，脱盐水酸碱耗量降低20％以上。     

阳床出口电导率升高原因分析

水中电导率是衡量脱盐水质的重要标准，通过分析28单元脱盐水电导率的异常情况，确定了泄漏的设备，经过处理，脱盐水电导率恢复正常，保障了生产的安全平稳运行。     

PVC干燥过程的蒸汽冷凝液复用

将ＰＶＣ干燥过程的蒸汽冷凝液收集，用做聚合用热脱盐水，不但节约了脱盐水，蒸汽，且对聚合无影响。     

提高脱盐水水质降低酸碱消耗

通过对脱盐水处理装置的两次改造 ,降低了脱盐水再生的酸碱消耗 ,稳定和改善了脱盐水的水质     

纯水级脱盐水pH值浅析

应用电化学理论对纯水级脱盐水的ｐＨ值与电导率的关系进行研究。对于电导率小于０．２μＳ／ｃｍ的脱盐水，其ＰＨ值必然在６．３～７．９范围内。对纯水级脱盐水而言，ＰＨ值由７生降低１，则电导率就大产大到原来的１６倍。手动取样分析脱盐水的ＰＨ值，其误差主要来自空气的影响。     

脱盐水处理装置存在问题及改进措施

在社会经济快速发展的背景之下,很多企业都加强了对脱盐水处理装置的应用,并且取得了良好的效果,脱盐水处理工艺不断成熟,因此脱盐水处理装置的应用范围也在不断扩大。就脱盐水处理装置运行过程中存在的问题进行探讨,并提出相应的改进措施,希望能够推动脱盐水处理装置的可持续发展。     

河北某钢铁企业冶金中水深度脱盐工程实践

文章对河北省某钢铁企业深度脱盐水站的工程实践进行研究分析，脱盐水站以冶金废水处理回用的中水为水源进行深度净化处理，采用浸没式超滤+反渗透的“双膜”工艺制备脱盐水。投运近6年来，整体产水稳定，水质合格，有效地维持了工业园区污水回用的整体水质平衡，显著提升企业污水回用效率，对于冶金企业密集而水资源紧张的河北地区，环境效益巨大。     

使用二级脱盐水时外啮合齿轮泵的径向间隙

基于二级脱盐水水质标准,对二级脱盐水在液压传动中的使用特点进行了分析,研究了使用二级脱盐水时外啮合齿轮泵齿轮径向间隙的确定方法。     

结晶造粒流化床技术在浓盐水软化除硬处理中的设计应用

石油化工企业脱盐水用水量大，出于节水的考虑，需要将浓水进行回收处理，为了防止回收处理的浓缩过程结垢，保证浓水反渗透正常运行，在一项石化企业的脱盐水处理项目上，采用结晶造粒流化床技术对反渗透浓盐水进行化学除硬预处理，处理后的浓盐水硬度约为200 mg/L，收到了良好的应用效果。     

脱盐水装置试车总结

我厂脱盐水装置采用混凝、过滤和离子交换的一级除盐加混床的脱盐工艺，为装置区提供纯水，本文介绍了我厂脱盐水装置试车的主要工作内容和试运行情况。     

海水淡化水与地表水联合供水地区市政管网水质变化研究

研究了我国某海岛地区以淡化水与地表水联合供水时,城市管网的水质变化情况,对比分析了淡化水与地表水的化学稳定性情况,考察了浊度、Cl-和总铁含量等主要参数在管网内的变化规律。结果表明,虽然淡化水其化学稳定性较差,但在优质管网中完全能够满足城市供水水质要求;联合供水地区城市管网水质与管道属性和停留时间存在较大关系,这与普通供水地区城市管网情况基本类似。     

水源藻类污染对水处理设备的影响及应对措施

热电厂型钢区水处理系统因微生物滋生致使膜元件污堵而严重制约除盐水的正常生产,技术人员经详细试验分析进行了加药工艺优化,在除盐水生产的不同环节,根据水源水质、工艺及设备特点,增加使用新型有机杀菌剂并优化加药工况。解决了微生物滋生污堵膜元件制约生产的瓶颈问题,且有效延长了膜元件的使用寿命。     

Chemical and microbiological quality of desalinated water, groundwater and rain-fed cisterns in the Gaza strip, Palestine

The aim of this study was to assess the physiochemical and microbiological quality of the domestic water through one-year long surveillance in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Water samples were taken from rain-fed cisterns, groundwater from the water network, and desalinated water. For certain chemical parameters, such as nitrate, a high percentage of water samples from all sources exceeded the limits of the Palestinian Standard Institution and the World Health Organization (WHO). Total dissolved solid (TDS) readings were non-compliant for most samples from groundwater and water from rain-fed cisterns, but the TDS quality was far better in desalinated water. As far as microbiological quality is concerned, high percentages of non-compliance were observed for total Coliform and fecal Coliform in most water samples, which was also reflected by the high incidence of water-borne diseases in Gaza Strip. The study reveals a clear superiority of quality for desalinated water, but also the need to adopt better practices (maintenance and pre- and post-treatment) in the desalination plants.     

A mixed integer optimisation approach for integrated water resources management

In areas lacking substantial freshwater resources, the utilisation of alternative water sources, such as desalinated seawater and reclaimed water, is a sustainable alternative option. This paper presents an optimisation approach for the integrated management of water resources, including desalinated seawater, wastewater and reclaimed water, for insular water deficient areas. The proposed mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model takes into account the subdivided regions on the island, the subsequent localised needs for water use (including water quality) and wastewater production, as well as geographical aspects. In addition, the integration of potable and non-potable water systems is considered. The optimal water management decisions, including the location of desalination, wastewater treatment, and reclamation plants, as well as the conveyance infrastructure for desalinated water, wastewater and reclaimed water, are obtained by minimising the annualised total capital and operating costs. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to two Greek islands: Syros and Paros-Antiparos, for case study and scenario analysis.     

An electrodialysis sea water desalination system powered by photovoltaic cells

An electrodialysis sea water desalination system powered by photovoltaic (PV) cells is beeing developed. In this sort of system, the most important subject is a way to apply the varying electric power from the PV cells directry to electrodialysis with a small capacity lead battery. We use a partially desalinated water (PDW) storage system for this. When a large electric output from the PV cells is obtained, sea water is desalinated to partially desalinated water (PDW: salinity of which is between sea water and fresh water) and when a small output is obtained, the desalination from PDW to fresh water is completed. In this system, as varying outputs from the PV cells are used directly in electrodialysis, the capacity of the lead battery is reduced, and an economical system is realized. A demonstration plant (capacity: 10m/day) was constructed for this system, and has been operating since June, 1986.     

An electrodialysis sea water desalination system powered by photovoltaic cells

An electrodialysis sea water desalination system powered by photovoltaic (PV) cells is beeing developed. In this sort of system, the most important subject is a way to apply the varying electric power from the PV cells directry to electrodialysis with a small capacity lead battery. We use a partially desalinated water (PDW) storage system for this. When a large electric output from the PV cells is obtained, sea water is desalinated to partially desalinated water (PDW:salinity of which is between sea water and fresh water) and when a small output is obtained, the desalination from PDW to fresh water is completed. In this system, as varying outputs from the PV cells are used directly in electrodialysis, the capacity of the lead battery is reduced, and an economical system is realized. A demonstration plant (capacity:10m³/day) was constructed for this system, and has been operating since June, 1986.     

Desalination using ambient air: simulation and energy optimization

This work applies to process design, simulation, analysis, and optimization to minimize the energy requirements for producing desalinated water using ambient air (humidification and dehumidification process). The only operating cost is for the use of air blower to supply air flowrate of 65-70 kmol/h. The production rate is 1 gpm of desalinated water per 2.25 gpm of saline water. By using process simulation and applying energy optimization concepts, the process parameters were manipulated and analyzed so that the feed saline water to the column is used to cool the exit air stream. The proposed approach reduced the solar energy requirement by 65%, and the cooling energy is eliminated. A case study is pursued to show the effectiveness of using process simulation and energy optimization concepts.     

Studies on a single-stage solar desalination system for domestic applications

In this paper, an attempt has been made to study a single stage solar desalination system to get a daily yield of 10 1 of potable water. The experimental system consists of a flat plate collector, an evaporator, a single stage vacuum pump and a condenser. The input parameters such as solar irradiance and vacuum pressure in the flash evaporator are varied to find its influence on the performance output viz., system efficiency and yield per day. Efficiency of this plant is found to vary from 15% to 26% for the variation in beam solar radiation from 400 W/m² to 900 W/m². A maximum distillate yield of 8.5 1/d is obtained with collector area of 2 m². The frequency of operation of the vacuum pump and the yield of desalinated water for various beam solar radiations is carried out from which the cost of water is determined. The cost of desalinated water is found to be 0.9 e/l. The desalinated water is tested for various parameters and the results indicate that the quality of water is satisfactory and well below the permissible limits.     

碳钢在反渗透水中耐蚀性研究

室温条件下（22℃～28℃）,通过全浸实验失重测试,SEN等方法评价了碳钢在反渗透水和海水中的腐蚀速率及腐蚀形貌,并在此基础上进行了相关缓蚀调质实验,为海水淡化反渗透产水进入城市供水管网提供了必要的腐蚀依据及防腐蚀调质配方。     

Desalination in the gaza strip: drinking water supply and environmental impact

More than 90% of the population of the Gaza Strip depends on desalinated water for drinking purposes. About 90% of the groundwater is unacceptable for drinking as a result of contamination by nitrate and chloride. One of the major options for resolving the water problems is the utilization of desalination technology for both sea and brackish water. The objective of this article is to address desalination water management in its embryonic stage in the Gaza Strip. The sources of drinking water supply, distribution system and the environmental impact of brine water will be fingered in detail. Desalination facilities range from large seawater plants to small brackish desalination units on a home scale. Governmental, non-governmental and private desalination plants are common. The distribution system of desalinated water is a responsibility of governmental, non-governmental, private small community bodies and even individuals. Disposal of brine water is made either directly or indirectly into the sea, sewage system, poor land, channels, wadies, etc. Brine constituents have an adverse impacton the surrounding environment, e.g., sea life, soil, wastewater treatment plants and the groundwateraquifer. The lack of real environmental impact assessments, especially for mid- and home-scale units may lead to a deterioration of the environment. The fragmentation of the responsibilities of water desalination, distribution of desalinated water and the disposal of brine water suggest that urgent action should be taken (e.g., legislation or establishment of a supervisory body). In other words, strict policies and management actions are to be taken in order to alleviate the health and environmental impact of an important and uncontrolled new system.