基于多层优化PCC-SDG方法的化工过程故障诊断

化工过程的故障发生往往都是一个变量带动多个变量的连锁效应。本文基于变量的相关性变化特点,用符号有向图SDG（signed directed graph）描述系统因果影响关系,以皮尔逊相关系数PCC（Pearson correlation coefficient）计算网络统计指标,提出了一种基于多层优化PCC-SDG的故障诊断方法。该方法基于全工艺的网络拓扑结构,首先对选取的变量进行初步优化。然后,为有效提取工艺特征信息,运用PCA（principal component analysis）权重思想从多层相关系数集中选取了权重较大的关键变量,结合SDG建立最优PCC-SDG网络。最后,针对最优PCC-SDG网络变量的相关性规律重构聚集权重系数Q,进行过程故障检测与诊断。TE（Tennessee Eastman）仿真过程的应用结果表明,PCC-SDG建模及故障诊断步骤较为简洁,可以充分挖掘SDG深层次关联特性,定量简化SDG的故障诊断效果明显,具有较好的过程监控优势。     

基于多层优化PCC-SDG方法的化工过程故障诊断

化工过程的故障发生往往都是一个变量带动多个变量的连锁效应。本文基于变量的相关性变化特点,用符号有向图SDG(signed directed graph)描述系统因果影响关系,以皮尔逊相关系数PCC(Pearson correlation coefficient)计算网络统计指标,提出了一种基于多层优化PCC-SDG的故障诊断方法。该方法基于全工艺的网络拓扑结构,首先对选取的变量进行初步优化。然后,为有效提取工艺特征信息,运用PCA(principal component analysis)权重思想从多层相关系数集中选取了权重较大的关键变量,结合SDG建立最优PCC-SDG网络。最后,针对最优PCC-SDG网络变量的相关性规律重构聚集权重系数Q,进行过程故障检测与诊断。TE(Tennessee Eastman)仿真过程的应用结果表明,PCC-SDG建模及故障诊断步骤较为简洁,可以充分挖掘SDG深层次关联特性,定量简化SDG的故障诊断效果明显,具有较好的过程监控优势。     

一种基于SDG和数据重构的故障诊断方法

针对传统的基于贡献图的多元统计方法中变量贡献值不能真实反映故障原因的不足,提出一种基于符号有向图(SDG)模型和数据重构的故障诊断方法,该方法使用平方预测误差(SPE)和累积和(CUSUM)统计量进行故障检测,通过在故障发生时对SDG的所有相容路径方向的样本数据进行重构,重构后残差变化最大的方向被认为是故障的传播方向,该方向上的起始节点为导致故障的原因变量。通过在TEP模型上仿真表明:该方法能有效地诊断出引起故障的根本原因。     

基于ICA混合模型的多工况过程故障诊断方法

针对工业过程数据的多模态和非高斯特性,提出一种基于独立元混合模型（independent component analysis mixture model,ICAMM）的多工况过程故障诊断方法。该方法将独立元分析与贝叶斯估计结合,同时完成各个工况的数据聚类和模型参数求取,并建立基于贝叶斯框架下的集成监控统计量实时监控过程变化。在检测到故障后,针对传统的变量贡献图方法无法表征变量之间信息传递关系的缺点,提出基于信息传递贡献图的故障识别方法。该方法首先计算各变量对独立元混合模型统计量的贡献度,进一步通过最近邻传递熵描述故障变量之间的传递性,挖掘故障变量之间的因果关系,从而确定故障源变量和故障传播过程。最后对一个数值系统和连续搅拌反应釜（CSTR）过程进行仿真研究,结果验证了本文所提出方法的有效性。     

基于ICA混合模型的多工况过程故障诊断方法

针对工业过程数据的多模态和非高斯特性,提出一种基于独立元混合模型(independent component analysis mixture model,ICAMM)的多工况过程故障诊断方法。该方法将独立元分析与贝叶斯估计结合,同时完成各个工况的数据聚类和模型参数求取,并建立基于贝叶斯框架下的集成监控统计量实时监控过程变化。在检测到故障后,针对传统的变量贡献图方法无法表征变量之间信息传递关系的缺点,提出基于信息传递贡献图的故障识别方法。该方法首先计算各变量对独立元混合模型统计量的贡献度,进一步通过最近邻传递熵描述故障变量之间的传递性,挖掘故障变量之间的因果关系,从而确定故障源变量和故障传播过程。最后对一个数值系统和连续搅拌反应釜(CSTR)过程进行仿真研究,结果验证了本文所提出方法的有效性。     

基于主元分析的FPSO故障检测与诊断

应用基于主元分析的故障诊断方法对浮式油轮生产储油卸油系统(FPSO)进行故障检测与诊断研究.选取FPSO油气水分离系统的18个主要过程监控变量为研究对象,通过对系统历史数据进行预处理分析,建立主元模型;利用主元模型对仿真实时数据进行故障检测,应用SPE统计法和Hotelling统计法判断系统是否发生故障;使用贡献图法实现故障分离.研究结果表明:基于主元分析的故障诊断方法可以准确地对FPSO生产过程的早期故障进行检测和诊断;且对于系统的细小扰动,动态主元分析法的故障诊断能力优于主元分析法.     

基于Hopfield网络的时滞分析故障诊断策略

振荡是化工过程中常见的对全流程运行性能有显著影响的故障类型,仅基于数据幅值域知识的故障诊断方法对这一类故障诊断性能不佳。时滞分析基于数据信号时域知识,根据波形相关性分析变量之间因果关系,通过得到的因果模型确定故障完整传播路径,可进一步识别出扰动发生的根本原因。将Hopfield网络与时滞分析相结合,解决了时滞分析当变量数众多时,从变量对的因果关系难以得到故障传播路径的问题,并同时讨论了时滞分析数据窗选取、对称时滞确立等的原则,提升了故障传播路径建立的准确度,建立了基于时滞分析的完备的故障诊断策略,最后通过TE模型验证了方法的优越性。     

基于诊断用COMSOL模型的PEMFC故障诊断方法研究

基于COMSOL+Multiphysics 3.5平台建立了诊断用PEMFC二维分布参数模型。在所建立诊断用模型的基础上,进行了阴极欠气、膜干和水淹3种典型故障的嵌入研究。通过对比故障发生前后PEMFC内部相应物理量的变化,验证了故障嵌入的可行性。最后,应用小波分析故障诊断方法,对PEMFC端口电压信号进行相关的数字信号处理,识别了3种典型故障, 初步达到了故障诊断的目的,验证了利用模型发展相关诊断方法的有效性。     

基于ICA-SVM的复杂化工过程集成故障诊断方法

针对由于复杂操作或多回路控制等因素造成复杂化工过程故障诊断难度加剧问题,提出了一种基于独立成分分析（ICA）和支持向量机（SVM）的集成故障诊断方法。该方法利用快速ICA算法建立正常工况ICA模型,通过监控统计量I²、I_e²、SPE是否超过用核密度估计方法确定相应的置信限检测故障。如检测到故障发生,即用梯度算法计算每一个监控变量对统计量I²、I_e²、SPE的贡献度,根据观察贡献度变化情况初步诊断出可能的故障源,并利用支持向量机多分类算法诊断出初始故障源。利用丁二烯精馏装置的实际工业故障数据验证提出的ICA-SVM集成故障诊断方法的有效性。     

一种基于改进MPCA的间歇过程监控与故障诊断方法

针对基于不同展开方式的多向主元分析(MPCA)方法在线应用时各自存在的缺陷,提出一种改进的基于变量展开的MPCA方法,实现间歇过程的在线监控与故障诊断。该方法采用随时间更新的主元协方差代替固定的主元协方差进行T²统计量的计算,充分考虑了主元得分向量的动态特性;同时引入主元显著相关变量残差统计量,避免SPE统计量的保守性,且该统计量能提供更详细的过程变化信息,对正常工况改变或过程故障引起的T²监控图变化有一定的识别能力;最后提出一种随时间变化的贡献图计算方法用于在线故障诊断。该方法和MPCA方法的监控性能在一个青霉素发酵仿真系统上进行了比较。仿真结果表明：该方法具有较好的监控性能,能及时检测出过程存在的故障,且具有一定的故障识别和诊断能力。     

基于关联规则的条件状态模糊Petri网及其在故障诊断中的应用

模糊Petri网作为一种知识表达模型,能够用于工业过程系统故障推理和诊断。然而,模糊Petri网的建立大多需要先验知识,为此限制了其广泛应用。为了能够有效利用工业生产过程数据,提出了一种基于关联规则的条件状态模糊Petri网,并将其用于工业过程故障推理与诊断。采用数据挖掘的关联规则方法提取模糊Petri网的模糊规则及置信度,通过变量间的关联分析,将影响置信度的关键主元（条件量）提取出来,建立条件状态模糊Petri网;基于极大代数的迭代算法进行动态置信度逆向推理,可以获得工业过程的故障发生概率。该方法实现了故障诊断网络的数据驱动,从而提高故障诊断的快速性与准确性,某化学反应研究表明所提方法的有效性。     

基于高阶统计和解释结构模型相结合的大型过程控制系统的故障检测(英文)

Nonlinear characteristic fault detection and diagnosis method based on higher-order statistical (HOS) is an effec-tive data-driven method, but the calculation costs much for a large-scale process control system. An HOS-ISM fault diagnosis framework combining interpretative structural model (ISM) and HOS is proposed:(1) the adja-cency matrix is determined by partial correlation coefficient;(2) the modified adjacency matrix is defined by directed graph with prior knowledge of process piping and instrument diagram;(3) interpretative structural for large-scale process control system is built by this ISM method;and (4) non-Gaussianity index, nonlinearity index, and total nonlinearity index are calculated dynamical y based on interpretative structural to effectively eliminate uncertainty of the nonlinear characteristic diagnostic method with reasonable sampling period and data window. The proposed HOS-ISM fault diagnosis framework is verified by the Tennessee Eastman process and presents improvement for highly non-linear characteristic for selected fault cases.     

Fault detection of large-scale process control system with higher-order statistical and interpretative structural model

Nonlinear characteristic fault detection and diagnosis method based on higher-order statistical (HOS) is an effec-tive data-driven method, but the calculation costs much for a large-scale process contr...     

基于加权统计局部核主元分析的非线性化工过程微小故障诊断方法

传统统计局部核主元分析（statistical local kernel principal component analysis, SLKPCA）在构造改进残差时未考虑样本的差异性,使得故障样本信息易于被其他样本所掩盖,针对该问题,提出一种基于加权统计局部核主元分析（weighted statistical local kernel principal component analysis, WSLKPCA）的非线性化工过程微小故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用KPCA获取过程的得分向量和特征值并构建初始残差。然后设计了一种基于测试样本与训练样本之间距离的加权策略构建加权改进残差,对含有较强微小故障信息的样本赋予较大权值,以增强故障样本的影响。最后,采用基于测量变量与监控统计量之间的加权互信息构建贡献图以识别故障源变量。在连续搅拌反应釜和田纳西伊斯曼（Tennessee Eastman, TE）化工过程上的仿真结果表明,所提方法具有良好的微小故障检测与识别性能。     

A local and global statistics pattern analysis method and its application to process fault identification☆

Traditional principal component analysis (PCA) is a second-order method and lacks the ability to provide higher-order representations for data variables. Recently, a statistics pattern analysis (SPA) framework has been incor-porated into PCA model to make full use of various statistics of data variables effectively. However, these methods omit the local information, which is also important for process monitoring and fault diagnosis. In this paper, a local and global statistics pattern analysis (LGSPA) method, which integrates SPA framework and locality pre-serving projections within the PCA, is proposed to utilize various statistics and preserve both local and global in-formation in the observed data. For the purpose of fault detection, two monitoring indices are constructed based on the LGSPA model. In order to identify fault variables, an improved reconstruction based contribution (IRBC) plot based on LGSPA model is proposed to locate fault variables. The RBC of various statistics of original process variables to the monitoring indices is calculated with the proposed RBC method. Based on the calculated RBC of process variables' statistics, a new contribution of process variables is built to locate fault variables. The simula-tion results on a simple six-variable system and a continuous stirred tank reactor system demonstrate that the proposed fault diagnosis method can effectively detect fault and distinguish the fault variables from normal variables.     

Fault monitoring based on mutual information feature engineering modeling in chemical process

A large amount of information is frequently encountered when characterizing the sample model in chemical process. A fault diagnosis method based on dynamic modeling of feature engineering is proposed to effectively remove the nonlinear correlation redundancy of chemical process in this paper. From the whole process point of view, the method makes use of the characteristic of mutual information to select the optimal variable subset. It extracts the correlation among variables in the whitening process without limiting to only linear correlations. Further, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) dimension reduction is used to extract feature subset before fault diagnosis. The application results of the TE (Tennessee Eastman) simulation process show that the dynamic modeling process of MIFE (Mutual Information Feature Engineering) can accurately extract the nonlinear correlation relationship among process variables and can effectively reduce the dimension of feature detection in process monitoring.     

Decentralized fault diagnosis using multiblock kernel independent component analysis

In this paper, a multiblock kernel independent component analysis (MBKICA) algorithm is proposed. Then a new fault diagnosis approach based on MBKICA is proposed to monitor large-scale processes. MBKICA has superior fault diagnosis ability since variables are grouped and the non-Gaussianity is considered compared to standard kernel methods. The proposed method is applied to fault detection and diagnosis in the continuous annealing process. The proposed decentralized nonlinear approach effectively captures the nonlinear relationship and non-Gaussianity in the block process variables, and shows superior fault diagnosis ability compared to other methods.     

Multi-block gated recurrent unit network-based fault diagnosis method for multivariate nonlinear process

The increasing complexity of industrial processes brings new challenges to fault diagnosis tasks, and different types of faults have higher and higher requirements on the performance of fault classification models. This paper proposes a novel multivariate nonlinear temporal-related fault diagnosis method based on gated recurrent units (GRUs). First, to improve the performance of the model in local information extraction and global integration, high dimensional variables are divided into multiple sub-blocks according to the structure of chemical process units, and a new block normalization method is proposed to improve the performance of local feature extraction. Second, aiming at the slow drifting faults, the GRU network is adopted inside the sub-block to extract local sparse and nonlinear temporal features. By combining the variance features of variables after block normalization, the performance of the model on multiplicative faults will improve. Finally, aiming at the complex correlation between variables, a new recurrent matrix method is proposed to extract the time transform information inside each variable to improve the comprehensive performance of the model. Through a multi-level feature integration strategy, the model can be trained in parallel to improve the training speed. The proposed method shows good performance in the Tennessee Eastman process, and the extracted multi-class features allow the model to be trained end-to-end and simultaneously diagnose multiple types of faults.     

基于核Fisher判别分析方法的非线性统计过程监控与故障诊断

化工过程中大量的生产数据反应了生产过程的内在变化和系统的运行状况,基于数据驱动的统计方法可以有效地对生产过程进行监控。对于复杂的化工和生化过程,其过程变量之间的相关关系往往具有很强的非线性特性,传统的线性统计过程监控方法显得无能为力。本文提出了基于核Fisher判别分析的非线性统计过程监控方法,首先利用非线性核函数将数据从原始空间映射到高维空间,在高维空间中利用线性的Fisher判别分析方法提取数据最优的Fisher特征矢量和判别矢量来实现过程监控与故障诊断,能有效地捕获过程变量之间的非线性关系,通过对流化催化裂化（FCCU）过程的仿真表明该方法的有效性。