偏心荷载作用下细长型高强钢管混凝土柱的防火性能

对受偏心轴向荷载作用、分别填充普通混凝土和高强混凝土的细长型圆钢管柱进行24组防火试验。此试验是对Romero等人在2011年所做的中心荷载柱的试验结果的进一步探讨。此防火试验中的试验参数涵盖了混凝土标准强度(30MPa和90MPa)、填充类型(普通混凝土、钢筋混凝土和钢纤钢筋混凝土)、轴向荷载水平(20%和40%)和荷载偏心(20mm和50mm)。在固定的边界条件下对室内温度下相对长细比高于其他样本0.5的柱进行试验。研究这种内填混凝土组合件偏心荷载的影响。试验结果显示,与填充普通混凝土的柱相比,添加钢纤维并不能提高细长型柱在偏心荷载下的防火性能。然而,在混凝土柱中添加钢筋则可以提高防火性能。在中空圆钢管中填充混凝土可以提高其防火性能,钢管高强混凝土柱在承载力方面有更明显的提升。与欧洲规范4-1-2中的简易计算模型相比较,尽管此方法可用于偏心荷载作用下的柱,但在预测内填普通混凝土柱和钢纤维钢筋混凝土柱时仍会产生较大的误差。     

Influence of ultra-high strength infill in slender concrete-filled steel tubular columns

This paper describes 24 tests conducted on slender circular tubular columns filled with normal, high, and ultra-high strength concrete for plain, bar reinforced and steel fiber reinforced columns. These were reinforced and subjected to both concentric and eccentric axial load. It is a continuation of a previous research paper (Portoles et al., 2011 [1]), which presented test results on eccentrically loaded plain concrete columns. The test parameters are nominal strength of concrete (30, 90 and 130 MPa), eccentricity e (0, 20 and 50 mm) and type of reinforcement. A comparison with the corresponding empty tubular columns is performed, as the aim of the paper is to analyze the influence of each type of infill and establish the best option for practical application. For the limited cases analyzed the results show that the addition of high or ultra-high strength infill is more useful for concentric loaded cases than for eccentric loaded ones, where it seems that the best design option is the utilization of bar reinforced concrete filling rather than steel fiber to reinforce CFST columns. The experimental ultimate load of each test was compared with the design loads from Eurocode 4, accurate for the eccentrically loaded tests.     

Fire behavior of axially loaded slender high strength concrete-filled tubular columns

This paper describes sixteen fire tests conducted on slender circular hollow section columns filled with normal and high strength concrete, subjected to concentric axial loads. The test parameters were the nominal strength of concrete (30 and 80 MPa), the infilling type (plain concrete, reinforced concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete) and the axial load level (20% and 40%). The columns were tested under fixed-pinned boundary conditions and the relative slenderness at room temperature was higher than 0.5 in all of the cases. A numerical model was validated against the tests, in order to extend the results and understand the failure mode of such columns. It is the aim of this paper to study the influence in a fire situation of the use of high strength concrete, as opposed to normal strength concrete. The results have shown that for slender columns subjected to high temperatures, the behavior of high strength concrete was different than for stub columns, spalling not being observed in the experiments. Furthermore, the addition of steel fibers was not found very advantageous in slender columns, since no increment in terms of fire resistance was obtained for the columns which used this type of reinforcement. However, the addition of reinforcing bars seems to be the solution in some cases, where the use of external fire protection wants to be avoided in the design of HSS structures, since the reinforcing bars allow the tube to resist a higher axial load.     

Fire behavior of axially loaded slender high strength concrete-filled tubular columns

This paper describes sixteen fire tests conducted on slender circular hollow section columns filled with normal and high strength concrete, subjected to concentric axial loads. The test parameters were the nominal strength of concrete (30 and 80 MPa), the infilling type (plain concrete, reinforced concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete) and the axial load level (20% and 40%). The columns were tested under fixed-pinned boundary conditions and the relative slenderness at room temperature was higher than 0.5 in all of the cases. A numerical model was validated against the tests, in order to extend the results and understand the failure mode of such columns. It is the aim of this paper to study the influence in a fire situation of the use of high strength concrete, as opposed to normal strength concrete. The results have shown that for slender columns subjected to high temperatures, the behavior of high strength concrete was different than for stub columns, spalling not being observed in the experiments. Furthermore, the addition of steel fibers was not found very advantageous in slender columns, since no increment in terms of fire resistance was obtained for the columns which used this type of reinforcement. However, the addition of reinforcing bars seems to be the solution in some cases, where the use of external fire protection wants to be avoided in the design of HSS structures, since the reinforcing bars allow the tube to resist a higher axial load.     

Experimental study on steel tubular columns in-filled with plain and steel fiber reinforced concrete

An experimental investigation on the structural behaviour of steel tubular columns in-filled with plain and steel fiber reinforced concrete is presented in this study. A total of 16 concrete-filled steel tubular columns were constructed and tested subjected to biaxial bending and short-term axial load. The main variables considered in the test study were the cross section, slenderness, concrete compressive strength and the load eccentricity. In the presented study, a theoretical method for the prediction of ultimate strength capacity and load-deflection curves of concrete filled steel tube columns is proposed. In the analysis procedure, the nonlinear behaviour of the materials is considered and the slenderness effect has been taken into account. The experimental ultimate strength capacities and load-deflection curves of both plain and steel fiber concrete-filled tube columns have been compared with the analysis results and discussed in the paper. The results indicate that the addition of steel fibers in core concrete has considerable effect on the behaviour of concrete-filled steel tube columns.     

矩形钢管混凝土柱的耐火性能和抗火设计方法

进行了8个轴心受压或偏心受压矩形钢管混凝土柱,按ISO—834和GB/T9978—1999规定的标准升温曲线升温作用下耐火极限的实验研究。实验结果表明,截面尺寸和防火保护层厚度对构件耐火极限的影响较大,而荷载偏心率的影响则相对较小。分析结果还表明,国家规范GB50045—95中钢结构柱防火保护层厚度的确定方法不适合于矩形钢管混凝土柱。在大规模参数分析结果的基础上,提出了矩形钢管混凝土柱耐火极限及防火保护层厚度的简化计算公式,公式的计算结果与数值计算结果和实验结果均吻合较好,且总体上偏于安全。本文的研究成果可为有关矩形钢管混凝土工程进行抗火设计时提供参考。     

钢管钢纤维混凝土圆柱的试验研究

进行了钢管钢纤维混凝土圆柱的性能研究。制作了16根钢管混凝土柱,并进行了双向压弯试验。主要参数有:横截面尺寸、柱长、混凝土抗压强度、荷载偏心。考虑材料非线性和几何非线性,提出计算钢管混凝土柱的极限承载力和荷载-位移曲线的理论方法,将普通钢管混凝土柱和钢管钢纤维混凝土柱的极限承载力和荷载-位移曲线的试验数据与理论分析进行对比。结果表明,钢纤维对钢管混凝土的性能有很大影响。     

钢管超高强混凝土长柱及偏压柱的性能与极限承载能力的研究

本文报导了钢管超高强混凝土长柱和偏压柱的试验研究工作。长柱试验研究结果表明,钢管超高强混凝土长柱的承载能力和极限纵向变形率随长细比Ｌｅ／ Ｄ的增大而下降,在所研究的 Ｌｅ／ Ｄ范围内,所有的钢管超高强混凝土长柱都有一定的延性,但延性随Ｌｅ／Ｄ的增大而降低。普通钢管混凝土长柱的承载能力考虑长细比影响的折减系数计算公式也适用于钢管超高强混凝土长柱。偏压柱试验研究结果表明,在偏心率为０．２２～０．６５范围内,加载后所有偏压柱试件横向无明显的外形变化。在相同的长细比下,随着偏心率的增加,试件的承载能力降低,极限纵向变形率降低,但总体来说,偏压短柱的纵向变形率比轴压短柱的极限应变要大一些。在相同的偏心率下,长细比越大,试件的承载能力和纵向变形率也越低。钢管超高强混凝土耐偏压能力等于或优于普通钢管混凝土偏压柱。经过适当修正的普通钢管混凝土偏心率折减系数可以用于钢管超高强混凝土偏压柱承载能力计算。     

外包薄壁钢管加固受火后混凝土柱偏压性能

为研究采用外包薄壁钢管、内灌自流平微膨胀灌浆料约束加固受火后钢筋混凝土柱的偏压性能,进行了2根未受火混凝土柱、2根受火后混凝土柱和6根受火后再加固的混凝土柱的受压试验研究,分析了不同荷载偏心率对外包薄壁钢管加固受火后钢筋混凝土柱偏压承载性能的影响规律。考虑外包薄壁钢管的约束效应和高温对混凝土损伤影响,给出了外包薄壁钢管加固受火后混凝土柱偏压承载力的简化计算方法。结果表明：荷载偏心率为0、0.87的混凝土柱受火90min后,其极限荷载分别降低了30.3%、47.4%;外包薄壁钢管对受火后混凝土轴压柱的加固效果较好,对偏压柱的加固效果略有降低,受火后荷载偏心率为0、0.87混凝土柱经加固后极限荷载分别比对应的未受火混凝土柱提高2%、降低4.7%;外包薄壁钢管加固可显著提高混凝土柱的延性;当荷载偏心率不超过1.07时,加固后试件的极限荷载随荷载偏心率的增加近似呈线性降低;提出的外包薄壁钢管加固受火后混凝土柱偏压承载力的简化计算方法,其计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

轴向约束型钢混凝土柱耐火性能试验研究

为了考察受轴向约束的型钢混凝土柱的耐火性能,以荷载比、偏心率和含钢率为参数,开展了7根轴向约束型钢混凝土柱的耐火试验。采用恒载升温模式,研究了火灾下受轴向约束的型钢混凝土柱的温度分布、位移、变形、耐火极限及破坏形态。试验结果表明：荷载比相同时,施加在轴心受压柱顶的竖向荷载大于偏心受压柱。对于轴心受压柱,高温下柱首先缓慢膨胀,然后逐渐压缩破坏;由于轴向约束分担了柱的竖向荷载,压缩变形随时间变化较为缓和,轴向约束延长了柱的耐火极限。对于偏心受压柱,高温下其膨胀变形大于轴心受压柱,且膨胀变形先增加再减小;轴向约束增加了柱的竖向荷载,缩短了柱的耐火极限。荷载比对轴向约束型钢混凝土柱耐火极限影响显著,荷载比越大,耐火极限越小。当荷载比不大于0.5时,偏心率越大,柱的耐火极限会相应增大。含钢率增加,会在一定程度上延长柱的耐火极限。     

Fire performance of axially restrained steel reinforcedconcrete columns

为了考察受轴向约束的型钢混凝土柱的耐火性能，以荷载比、偏心率和含钢率为参数，开展了7根轴向约束型钢混凝土柱的耐火试验。采用恒载升温模式，研究了火灾下受轴向约束的型钢混凝土柱的温度分布、位移、变形、耐火极限及破坏形态。试验结果表明：荷载比相同时，施加在轴心受压柱顶的竖向荷载大于偏心受压柱。对于轴心受压柱，高温下柱首先缓慢膨胀，然后逐渐压缩破坏；由于轴向约束分担了柱的竖向荷载，压缩变形随时间变化较为缓和，轴向约束延长了柱的耐火极限。对于偏心受压柱，高温下其膨胀变形大于轴心受压柱，且膨胀变形先增加再减小；轴向约束增加了柱的竖向荷载，缩短了柱的耐火极限。荷载比对轴向约束型钢混凝土柱耐火极限影响显著，荷载比越大，耐火极限越小。当荷载比不大于0.5时，偏心率越大，柱的耐火极限会相应增大。含钢率增加，会在一定程度上延长柱的耐火极限。     

Experimental investigation of eccentrically loaded fibre reinforced concrete-filled stainless steel tubular columns

This paper presents an experimental investigation of axially and eccentrically loaded plain and fibre reinforced (FR) concrete-filled stainless steel circular tubular columns. The composite columns were pin-ended subjected to axial and eccentric loads. The stainless steel tubes were relatively slender having a diameter-to-plate thickness ratio of 50. The composite columns had different lengths varied from 3D to 12D. The column ultimate loads, load–axial shortening relationships, load–strain relationships, load–mid-height lateral deflection relationships and failure modes of the concrete-filled stainless steel circular tubular columns were measured from the tests. The study has shown that FR concrete-filled stainless steel tubular columns offer a considerable increase in column ductility compared with plain concrete-filled tubular columns. The test ultimate loads were compared with the design ultimate loads calculated using the Eurocode 4 for composite columns. Generally, it has been shown that the EC4 accurately predicted the ultimate loads of axially loaded concrete-filled stainless steel circular tubular columns, but were quite conservative for predicting the ultimate loads of the eccentrically loaded columns. It has also been shown that the conservatism of the EC4 predictions is increased as the eccentricity is increased. The test results provide useful information regarding the behaviour of FR concrete-filled stainless steel columns.     

Analysis of axially loaded concrete filled circular hollow double steel tubular columns exposed to fire

A series of new unified design formulas for calculating the temperature field and fire resistance under axial compressive loading of a circular solid or hollow concrete filled double steel tubular (CFDST) short and slender columns exposed to fire are presented in this paper. The results of the experiments are firstly derived from exploring the fundamental behavior of the CFSDT slender columns under the ISO 834 standard fire and temperature distributions. Failure modes and axial deformation versus time curves are also obtained and discussed. It was realized that a solid or slender CFDST column has different temperature fields, stronger limiting temperature and better fire resistance, as compared to columns filled with plain concrete. Also, the load ratio and steel ratio have no evident difference between the results of the solid and hollow CFDST columns. A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model is developed to calculate the temperature field of CFDST columns. After calibration of the FE model, the influences of important parameters on the temperature field of the composite columns are investigated and a unified formula for calculating average temperatures of the columns’ cross-section is obtained. Combining the average temperature with the “Unified theory” under axial compression, a simplified design method is put forward, which provides a unified formulation for both the plain CFST and CFDST columns relating to the axial bearing capacity at room and elevated temperature. The proposed formulas are calibrated through comparisons with fire tests on the columns, and it was found that the method produces safe results on average.     

Fire resistance of concrete filled square steel tube columns subjected to eccentric axial load

The fire resistance of concrete filled square steel tube columns (CFT columns) without fire protection under a constant axial load has been previously examined. The purpose of this present study is to investigate the fire resistance of CFT columns when they are subjected to combined loads. This paper presents a nonlinear thermal stress analysis method for predicting the mechanical behavior and fire resistance of CFT columns under eccentric axial load (axial load and flexure moment). This method is based on the stress-strain characteristics of materials at high temperatures and on the mechanics of column deflection curves. From the results of the developed computational technique, it was demonstrated that as the yield stress and rigidity of the steel tube rapidly decreased for approximately 30 minutes, the decrease of flexure moment capacity increased significantly more than that of the axial load capacity. In addition, as the load eccentricity ratio increased, the fire resistance time drastically decreased. However, the time of maximum expansion under eccentric axial load was independent of the load eccentricity ratio.     

Experimental behaviour of eccentrically loaded slender circular hollow steel columns in-filled with fibre reinforced concrete

This paper is based on the experimental study of twelve slender steel tubular columns of circular sections filled with both plain and fibre reinforced concrete. The specimens were tested under eccentric compression to investigate the effects of fibre reinforced concrete on the strength and behaviour of slender composite columns. The slenderness ratio was considered to be the main test parameter. Hollow steel sections of similar specimens were also tested as reference columns. The test results were illustrated by load-deflection and load-strain curves. Various characteristics such as strength, stiffness, ductility, energy absorption capacity and failure mode are discussed. Interpretation of the experimental results indicates that the use of fibre reinforced concrete as infill material has a considerable effect on the strength and behaviour of slender composite columns.     

钢管混凝土轴压长柱试验分析

本文通过对 3种长度的方形钢管混凝土柱和 2种长度的矩形钢管混凝土柱的试验分析 ,比较了 2种计算柱子轴压稳定系数的方法 ,得出了现行公式能很好地计算方形钢管混凝土柱的轴压稳定系数 ,但对于矩形钢管混凝土柱的轴压稳定系数计算 ,还必须进一步修正。     

方钢管高强混凝土偏压构件的试验研究与理论分析

本文进行了8根方形截面钢管高强混凝土单向压弯构件的试验研究,研究构件在不同长细比、偏心率和含钢率下的力学性能,长细比取25.4、50.8和71.6三种,偏心率在0.140～0.288之间变化,含钢率取8.2%和14.3%两种。研究结果表明:构件的承载力随着长细比和偏心率的增加迅速降低,含钢率为8.2%的构件在达到极限承载力之前钢管出现了局部屈曲。在进行试验研究的同时,还编制了非线性分析程序BC,用来分析方钢管高强混凝土压弯构件的力学性能,理论分析结果和试验结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好,在此基础上分析了长细比、含钢率、混凝土强度和钢材屈服强度等因素对偏压构件N/Nu(η)-M/Mu(ζ)相关曲线的影响。     

高温后中空夹层钢管再生混凝土短柱的加固性能研究与分析

针对高温煅烧后的再生混凝土进行荷载特性研究,设计了三种再生骨料取代率(0%,50%和100%)的中空夹层钢管再生混凝土短柱,研究了高温后钢管再生混凝土短柱及其加固后的力学性能,比较了截面形式、再生骨料取代率以及玄武岩纤维对其承载力、应变和位移的影响。结果表明,截面形式对承载力的影响最大。最后,利用再生骨料取代率、温度对其抗压强度的影响关系,尝试建立中空夹层钢管再生混凝土轴压强度承载力关于截面形式、约束系数、温度、再生骨料取代率以及外加固纤维布约束面积等变量的相关关系式,并通过试验数据加以验证。     

超高强混凝土型钢组合长柱静力性能试验研究

为解决目前规范中缺乏超高强混凝土型钢组合柱设计方法和静力受压试验研究不够深入的问题,开展了5个轴心受压和4个偏心受压的立方体抗压强度为120 MPa超高强混凝土型钢长柱的静力试验,通过考察其破坏形态、轴力-挠度曲线、轴力-竖向位移曲线和轴力-应变曲线,研究了长细比、相对偏心距和箍筋间距对其静力性能的影响.试验结果表明:...     

HRBF500钢筋及纤维增强水泥基复合材料空心柱受压试验研究

通过对8根HRBF500钢筋与纤维增强水泥基复合材料构成的空心柱的受压静载试验,研究不同偏心距、配筋率和纤维种类条件下,受压柱荷载-挠度曲线、荷载-钢筋应变曲线、荷载-水泥基材应变曲线以及破坏形态的特点,并验证平截面假定。试验结果表明:这种空心柱在偏心荷载作用下具有良好的变形能力和较高的承载力,其设计方法和普通高强混凝土柱基本一致,满足现行规范GB 50010—2010的要求。