高频变压器漏电感参数灵敏度分析及其半经验模型

为解决高频变压器绕组端部磁场强度水平分量造成的漏电感参数低估问题,提出了一种考虑端部效应的漏电感参数半经验计算方法.首先研究了高频变压器漏磁场能量对变压器铁心窗口区域各个几何结构参数的灵敏度,确定了漏电感参数的决定性影响因子;然后结合解析计算与数值计算方法,通过对20592次参数化有限元计算结果进行拟合,得到了高频变压器漏电感参数的半经验计算模型;最后通过调整每层的填充率将半经验模型推广到非连续导体的绕组,如矩形、方形等.该模型便于写入变压器设计程序,在变压器设计环节实现对漏电感参数的精确控制,各个参数较宽的取值范围保证了该模型具有广泛的适用性.将该模型的计算结果与现有解析公式以及实验测量结果进行对比,验证了该模型的有效性.     

基于微扰理论的毫米波铁磁共振线宽测试

应用电磁场微扰理论,参照IEE556标准建立铁磁共振线宽测量系统,用传输式谐振腔法设计新的波谐振腔体,可在33GHz下测试旋磁材料的铁磁共振线宽,并分析了测试误差,解决了目前毫米波六角材料的线宽测试问题。     

High frequency model of transformer winding

A high frequency model of transformer winding is used to analyze the voltage oscillations due to various excitations such as the very fast transient overvoltage which occurs at the time of disconnecting switch operations. Usually, a circuit of interlinked inductances and capacitances is used for this purpose, in which circuit parameters have to be properly determined. Previously, those constants have been estimated taking the coil section pair as a unit. In the method proposed here, the section pair can be further subdivided. The time‐domain calculation is conducted combining the frequency analysis and FFT technique. The voltage oscillations of the winding subjected to the lightning impulse are calculated. The correspondence with the experimental results is satisfactory. The response to a chopped impulse shows this method's applicability to high frequency analysis. Since the constants are calculated directly from the design parameters of transformer winding, this technique is particularly useful in developing and designing transformers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(3): 8–16, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10280     

Measurement of a power system nominal voltage,frequency and voltage flicker parameters

We present, in this paper, an approach for identifying the frequency and amplitude of voltage flicker signal that imposed on the nominal voltage signal, as well as the amplitude and frequency of the nominal signal itself. The proposed algorithm performs the estimation in two steps; in the first step the original voltage signal is shifted forward and backward by an integer number of sample, one sample in this paper. The new generated signals from such a shift together with the original one is used to estimate the amplitude of the original signal voltage that composed of the nominal voltage and flicker voltage. The average of this amplitude gives the amplitude of the nominal voltage; this amplitude is subtracted from the original identified signal amplitude to obtain the samples of the flicker voltage. In the second step, the argument of the signal is calculated by simply dividing the magnitude of signal sample with the estimated amplitude in the first step. Calculating the arccosine of the argument, the frequency of the nominal signal as well as the phase angle can be computing using the least error square estimation algorithm. Simulation examples are given within the text to show the features of the proposed approach.     

变压器绕组参数在线计算方法

在变压器等值回路方程的基础上,提出一种新的变压器绕组匝数比和漏电感参数的计算模型,该模型以回路方程差值最小为目标.采用现代内点算法求解各参数并利用MATLAB编程实现.该方法仅需利用变压器正常运行时的电压、电流信息,不用获取变压器绕组结构参数以及有载调压分接开关位置信息,易于实现.利用ATP软件建立变压器仿真系统,模拟变压器各种正常运行状态,并利用动模实验数据对所提方法进行验证.仿真实验结果表明,所提方法不受变压器运行状态及其三相参数不平衡的影响,具有较高的计算精度.     

变压器油中糠醛含量测试与分析

变压器油中糠醛浓度是绝缘纸老化程度的重要指标。介绍了液相色谱对绝缘油糠醛分析方法的依据，并建立了分析方法。通过数据表明测试糠醛的必要性。     

变电站综合自动化系统的可靠性测算

从可靠性和特征量出发,根据可靠性定义,紧紧抓住“完成规定功能”这一任务要求不同,以及任务失效时对系统所带来的影响不同,提出用故障因子、功能因子和重要因子影响因素,进行变电站综合自动化系统可靠性指标的测算,从而达到简单、实用地对系统可靠性进行定量计算。     

Modelling characteristics of the impulse transformer in a wide frequency range

In the paper, a new compact electrothermal model of the impulse transformer is proposed. This model has a form of a subcircuit dedicated for SPICE and could be used for low power impulse transformers applicable in switch-mode power supplies used in electronics. It takes into account simultaneously electric, thermal, and magnetic phenomena occurring in the considered device and describe nonidealities of the core and windings. The form of the elaborated model and analytical dependences describing all its components are presented. Correctness of this model is verified experimentally in a wide range of frequency and load resistance for selected constructions of transformers. Satisfactory agreement between the results of computations and measurements is obtained     

变压器与并联电容器的铁磁谐振分析

当变压器空载或轻载运行时,线路发生断线故障或断路器非同期合闸,可能造成并联电容器组与变压器铁芯线圈发生铁磁谐振。以系统发生单相断线故障为例,推导出谐振时电网电压与并联电容器的谐振条件表达式。通过分析谐振时并联电容器组与变压器铁芯线圈伏安特性,给出并联电容器与变压器产生铁磁谐振的机理和特点,并提出了有效抑制铁磁谐振发生的具体措施。仿真结果验证了理论分析与抑制方法的正确性。     

The frequency tuning characteristics of transistor voltage‐controlled oscillators with distributed parameters

The frequency varactor tuning characteristics of voltage‐controlled oscillators (VCO) on elements with distributed parameters are analysed and presented in a generalized form. The recommendations on the choice of transmission line type, circuit and varactor parameters for the purposes of widening and linearization of the voltage frequency tuning characteristics are given. Large amounts of numerical and experimental results are performed to illustrate the theoretical assumptions. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Tesla变压器形成线的电压测量系统设计

设计了一套MV级Tesla变压器形成线的电压测量系统。简述了电容分压器的电路原理,给出了波形无 畸变条件。在此基础上,结合变压器的结构特点设计了电容分压器的结构。同时,根据控制系统的要求,设计了二 级电阻分压器。试验证明,该系统满足测量要求。     

电子式互感器现场误差测试及问题分析

电子式互感器是数字化变电站的关键设备,电子式互感器的现场误差测试是数字化变电站验收的重要内容。本文介绍了电子式互感器现场误差测试的方法,总结了电子式互感器现场误差测试中存在的诸多问题,并提出了相应的整改措施和建议,对电子式互感器的推广应用起到一定的参考价值。     

电力变压器的宽频带建模及阻抗分析

为了能够在设计阶段正确地预测变压器线圈中快速暂态过电压的分布,需要对变压器线圈进行宽频范围的建模。将多传输线模型应用于变压器线圈宽频率范围的建模并计算等值电路的入端阻抗,可以比较全面地了解线圈中自然频率分布及暂态响应的频率特性,并比较容易地通过测量模型变压器的入端阻抗,验证电路模型的频率有效范围。本文首先分析了基于柱坐标的环形多传输线模型与基于直角坐标的直线多传输线模型的等效性,推导了相模转换的计算公式,从而获得传输线π型等值电路参数,然后采用节点法求得入端阻抗和电压传递函数。模型线圈入端阻抗测试结果验证了电路模型在约20MHz频率以内可以满足工程计算的需要。     

电力变压器油箱固有频率测试及其影响分析

首先分析油浸式电力变压器振动产生机理以及油箱壁发生共振现象原因,对常用油浸式电力变压器的油箱壁结构特点进行了分类,提出了振动测点布置的方法。对1台100 kV?A、10 kV／0.4 kV油浸式变压器油箱表面固有频率进行测试,并对所有测点固有频率特性进行分析,并与变压器空载运行时油箱表面测得的振动信号进行比较,由比较可知当使用振动测量法诊断变压器故障时需考虑油箱壁共振现象的影响。     

基于低频变频原理的互感器综合特性测试仪研制

由于电流互感器拐点电压不断升高,常规的电流互感器特性试验方法难以满足试验要求.研制了一台互感器综合特性测试仪样机,其基于低频电源法,并采用低频补偿算法,能够在较低电压下完成试验,扩大了仪器的适应性和测量能力,有效减轻工作强度,提高试验效率.样机采用了SPWM、功率因数补偿(PFC)、软开关等先进技术,功能完善,综合性能优异.对样机的软件、硬件原理和功能进行了阐述,并经过相应的性能测试和比对验证试验,样机的总体性能达到应用要求.     

频率响应法在变压器绕组变形测试中的应用

电力变压器是电力系统的主要设备之一,进行变压器绕组变形测试对正确判断变压器在受到冲击力后是否产生绕组变形,从而保障变压器的安全运行具有重要意义。本文介绍了应用频率响应法对变压器进行绕组变形测试的原理、方法,对现场开展变压器绕组变形测试、确保电网安全运行具有指导作用。     

电压互感器谐振过电压分析及预防措施

对电磁式电压互感器引起铁磁谐振的原理进行了分析,对电力系统中发生谐振的分类做了介绍,并将各种谐振对电力系统运行中造成的危害做了阐述。最后,就如何有效预防PT引起铁磁谐振提出了一些限制性措施。     

模拟光电式电流互感器的频率特性分析

从模拟光电式电流互感器的组成和实现原理出发,研究了关键器件参数对其传输带宽的影响,并分别对其各组成单元进行了建模,得到了系统光路的传递函数,并对其幅频、相频特性进行了分析;通过稳态和暂态信号传输的仿真及实测结果验证了建模的正确性。试验表明,模拟光电式电流互感器的截止频带可达到500 kHz,即使对1 MHz的高频信号也具有小于1μs的上升响应时间,该互感器对稳态及暂态信号的良好传变特性使其在电气测量领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Measurement of the space charge field in transformer oil using itsKerr effect

Nonuniform electric fields >80 kV/cm, have been measured via a relative optical intensity measurement by exploiting the Kerr effect in transformer oil. Transformer oil was used as a Kerr medium in these measurements. Neither a knowledge of the Kerr coefficient nor the actual value of maximum transmitted intensity are required to obtain the absolute value of the electric fields. Electric fields were measured with ac and dc excitations. Space charges resulting from charge injection have been found in transformer oil at room temperature under electric stresses >150 kV/cm with ac excitation and 90 kV/cm under dc excitation. The magnitudes of space charges in transformer oil with ac applied voltages varied from 2 to 50 nC/cm³. The magnitudes of space charges with dc excitation varied from 60 pC/cm³ to 10 nC/cm³. The results illustrate the limitations of the electro-optic technique for investigations of the interfacial electric fields (gas-solid) with transformer oil as the Kerr medium     

油浸式变压器用片式散热器参数研究与优化

片式散热器对油浸式变压器的散热具有重要作用。为探究片式散热器结构参数对其散热性能的影响,以片高、焊道数量和焊道高度差为自变量,散热量和流动阻力为响应值,采用Box-Behnken设计(Box-Behnken design,BBD)方法设计多变量矩阵,利用STAR-CCM+对模型进行数值模拟并得到对应的响应结果;基于模型的散热量和流动阻力方差分析,获得二次回归模型,分析片高和焊道数量对散热量和流动阻力的交互影响;最终使用期望值法对片式散热器进行参数优化,确定最佳结构参数。结果表明：响应面预测值和模拟结果集中分布在回归线附近,误差在10%以内,满足工程设计要求;片高和焊道数量的增大均会导致散热量和流动阻力增大,但散热量和流动阻力对片高变化更敏感;片高为2 483 mm、焊道数量为6、焊道高度差为60 mm时,片式散热器的散热性能最佳。