Multi-stepwise thermal prestressing using a cover-plate in steel structures

This paper introduces an innovative prestressing method for steel structures utilizing a multi-stepwise thermal prestressing method (M-TPSM). The proposed prestressing method is founded on a simple concept of thermal expansion and contraction of steel. A cover-plate, a high strength steel cover-plate used as a post-tensioning member in this method, is heated by electrical heaters before it is attached to the main member. After the cover-plate is attached to the main member by using high tension bolts at several points or by welding, the electromagnetic induction heaters are removed, and the resulting contraction force of the cover-plate induces eccentric axial forces to the main member. In this study, a fundamental investigation involving analytical and experimental study is carried out to evaluate the feasibility of the M-TPSM for steel structures. Also, static loading tests were performed on the rolled beam specimens for assessment of the behavior of the steel beam prestressed with M-TPSM.     

体外预应力碳纤维布加固钢-混凝土组合梁的试验研究

本文主要研究体外预应力碳纤维板加固钢-混凝土组合结构简支梁桥的力学性能。从顶杆间引入碳纤维板预应力筋,既能对主梁施加预应力,又能在主梁底端提供一个向上的顶升力,减小原结构的挠度。因此,通过顶杆间引入碳纤维板预应力筋,可以提高加固施工的速度和效率。通过缩尺模型静力试验,研究了碳纤维布用量、预应力筋尺寸、顶杆数量等参数对组合梁刚度和承载力的影响。在张拉组合梁的弯曲试验中,通过增加预应力水平和CFRP板数量,有效提高了组合梁截面的弯曲惯性矩,对组合梁屈服承载力和极限弯曲承载力的加固效果提升明显,并且加固试件仍具有良好的韧性。对于第三个组合梁,使用15%预应力水平和3 mm厚度的CFRP板进行加固时,其极限承载能力提高了47.9%,下翼缘的屈服荷载提高了39.8%,弹性阶段的刚度提高了21.66%。     

预应力钢梁与波纹板的叠加效应

利用在役混凝土结构和钢结构的优点开发多种类型的组合构件,以提高结构构件的延性和适用性。混合型钢梁为类型之一,采用预应力法对该钢梁进行研究。对现有的Ⅰ形钢梁施加预应力,但是由于截面轴向刚度较大,使得预应力效果很小。另外,如果使用波纹板,由于叠加效应,加在主要抗弯构件(上、下翼缘)上的预应力会被放大,因此,这不仅对构件的适用性,而且对提高其抗弯强度都是有利的。然而,之前有关施加预应力后对波纹板钢构件的大量研究重点都放在波纹板的剪切屈曲强度上,很少涉及波纹板和梁的叠加效应。因此,本研究提出两个合理的理论模型以定量评估叠加效应,通过在波纹板钢梁中施加预应力,对2根波纹板钢梁和1根具有标准宽翼缘截面的钢梁进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,与典型板钢梁相比,波纹板钢梁的预应力效应增加得更为显著,给出的方法被证实非常简单,并与试验结果吻合较好。     

盖板加强型狗骨式节点的性能分析

基于对"强节点弱构件"这一概念的深化,对现有梁柱延性节点形式实行改进,即局部加大梁端焊缝截面,而且在离梁端一定距离处又适当削弱梁翼缘尺寸(以下称盖板加强型狗骨式节点),使梁端塑性铰外移的同时,梁柱节点既有较强的承载能力,又具备较好延性。利用ANSYS软件对盖板加强型狗骨式节点、狗骨式节点、盖板加强式节点以及普通型四种形式节点进行循环荷载下的非线性有限元分析,分析结果表明:盖板加强型狗骨式节点由于将塑性铰外移,增强了结构的耗能能力及延性性能,而又使节点的承载能力和初始刚度明显高于狗骨式节点,相对于盖板加强式节点,梁端翼缘截面尽管加强,但由于在离梁端一定距离处又适当削弱梁翼缘尺寸,不需要加大柱截面,从而达到节约钢材的目的。     

Accordion effect of prestressed steel beams with corrugated webs

Various types of composite members have been developed to utilize the combined advantages of existing reinforced concrete and steel structures, and to actively improve ductility and serviceability of structural members. One of them is the hybrid-type steel beam, in which the prestressing method is applied to a steel beam. Introducing prestress to the existing I-shaped steel beam, however, results in a very low prestress efficiency due to the large axial stiffness of the section. On the other hand, if corrugated webs are used, the prestress introduced to the main flexural-resistant elements—the upper and lower flanges—gets larger due to the accordion effect, so that it is very advantageous not only in terms of serviceability, but also of achieving the improved flexural strength. Most previous studies on steel members with corrugated webs, however, have focused on the shear buckling strength of the corrugated webs, and few studies have been conducted on the accordion effect of the corrugated webbed beam to which prestress is introduced. Therefore, this research proposed two rational and theoretical models to quantitatively estimate the accordion effect, which is induced by the introduction of prestress to corrugated webbed steel beams, and performed experiments on two steel beams with corrugated webs and one with typical wide flange section. The experimental results showed that the prestressing efficiency of steel beams with corrugated webs increased more significantly than that of the steel beam with a typical web, and it is verified that the proposed methods are very simple and provide good agreements with the experimental results.     

体内预应力波形钢腹板组合梁预应力导入效率研究

研究一种新型的体内预应力波形钢腹板组合梁的预应力导入特性。通过设置一种钢包混凝土构件,在波形钢腹板组合梁下翼缘引入体内预应力,设置的波形钢腹板使预应力更大限度地导入上、下翼缘,形成一种新型体内预应力波形钢腹板组合梁。提出的新结构与现有的波形钢腹板组合结构对比,受力性能大幅改善,梁体重量显著降低,避免了体外索的频繁更换。基于卡氏定理,根据波形钢腹板组合梁截面刚度协调特性,推导波形钢腹板的预应力导入效率计算方法,并针对提出的新型体内预应力波形钢腹板组合结构开展预应力导入效率数值分析,通过理论计算结果与有限元对比,发现两种方法获得的导入效率系数变化一致,验证了该文提出的反对称波形钢腹板的预应力导入效率计算方法。     

预应力矩形钢管混凝土梁力学性能研究

研究预应力矩形钢管混凝土梁极限承载力实用计算公式及有限元计算方法 ,并对混凝土强度等级、含钢率、预应力等参数进行分析。计算结果表明 ,矩形钢管混凝土梁受拉区配筋可以大幅度提高构件极限承载力 ,同时施加预应力可以有效减小构件挠度     

预应力CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁试验研究

通过切除钢梁下翼缘部分面积来模拟钢梁的局部腐蚀损伤,再粘贴碳纤维（CFRP）布于钢梁受拉翼缘进行加固修复,以此开展CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁受弯性能的研究。共进行了6根CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁试件的静载试验,根据钢梁受腐程度取翼缘宽度切除的比例分别为0%,50%和100%,切口宽度3mm,然后在钢梁下翼缘粘贴CFRP布或预应力CFRP布。试验结果表明,在加固钢梁的受拉翼缘屈服后,粘贴CFRP布能有效提高构件的承载力,预应力CFRP布加固能有效提高钢梁的屈服荷载和极限荷载。粘贴CFRP布、预应力CFRP布加固未腐蚀钢梁的极限荷载比原钢梁极限荷载分别提高12.9%、16.1%;CFRP布、预应力CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁比原钢梁极限荷载分别提高6.5%、16.1%。在试验基础上,建立了预应力CFRP布加固腐蚀钢梁的承载力计算式,理论计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

焊接及螺栓连接钢框架的循环加载试验研究

为了探讨、比较焊接和螺栓连接钢框架的极限承载能力、滞回性能及动力特性,本文进行了6榀1∶2比例的单跨双层钢框架循环加载试验和动力特性测试,其中焊接、端板螺栓连接、角钢螺栓连接钢框架各两榀。试验过程中每层框架都铺设了混凝土楼板和配重,水平循环荷载按三角形分布施加。循环加载试验表明:当焊接连接框架的焊缝质量较高时,钢框架具有良好的承载能力和滞回性能,其最终破坏模式是构件形成塑性铰而发生强度破坏,属于典型的延性破坏,框架侧向层间塑性变形可以达到层高的1/25,塑性变形主要来自梁柱连接节点域的剪切变形和柱、梁的弯曲变形;端板螺栓连接框架的承载能力和滞回性能也较好,耗能能力略低于焊接框架,框架侧向层间塑性变形可以达到层高的1/30,但端板焊缝容易发生断裂;角钢螺栓连接框架的承载能力和耗能能力相对较低,塑性变形主要发生在连接角钢和柱脚部位,且翼缘连接角钢容易发生低周疲劳破坏。动力特性测试结果表明:随着节点转动刚度的减小,框架自振     

箱形节点域工字形柱弱轴盖板加强连接的设计方法

为了实现“高延性-高弹性承载力”的抗震设计思路和推广盖板加强型连接在工字形柱钢框架中的应用,提出了一种适用于箱形节点域工字形柱弱轴盖板加强连接的设计方法和设计步骤。通过一个多层钢框架工程实例的设计,验证了所提盖板加强型连接设计方法的可靠性。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对实际工程的内框架十字形节点在循环荷载作用下的力学性能进行分析,研究了节点的破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化曲线、延性系数和耗能能力。结果表明:新型箱形节点域工字形柱弱轴盖板加强连接的设计方法合理、可靠,应用该方法设计的工字形柱弱轴连接节点能够实现梁上“塑性铰”外移,节点具有较强的塑性变形能力和耗能能力,能够满足抗震规范中“强柱弱梁”和“强节点弱构件”的抗震设计理念。     

Cyclic testing and parametric study of bolted beam-height adjustable steel beam-to-column connections

A kind of bolted beam-height adjustable beam-to-column connections (BHA connections) is proposed for moment-resisting steel frames. It is applicable when the height of beams change in small ranges. A BHA connection is composed of a T-shaped connector, an L-shaped connector with ellipse-type blot holes and bolts. A cyclic test on four full-scaled subassemblies and a series of numerical parametric analyses of BHA connections were conducted to study their mechanical performance. The test results show that the BHA connections with properly stiffened L-shaped connectors possessed good hysteretic properties, stabile secant stiffness and load-carrying capacity degradation and excellent energy dissipation capacity. And the effect of connector slippage and beam web eccentricity was negligible. It can be found in the parametric study that the flange thickness of T-shaped connectors played a pivotal role both in the load-carrying capacity and elastic stiffness of BHA connections, and the elastic stiffness was also affected by the thickness of T-shaped connector webs, L-shaped connector flanges and webs, and column stiffeners. Moreover, the numerical results also demonstrated that the column stiffeners in joint regions could improve the efficiency of load transfer between beams and columns. This kind of connections can be used to assemble steel frames expediently.     

方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点承载力试验研究

基于隔板贯通节点在地震作用下的破坏调查结果,提出了一种改善钢梁翼缘与隔板连接处受力性能的新型节点--倒角放坡型隔板贯通节点。对7个十字形节点试件进行了静力拉伸试验,研究了隔板贯通式连接中方钢管混凝土柱与钢梁受拉翼缘的连接性能,分析了钢梁翼缘与隔板连接构造以及浇注孔直径、隔板厚度、钢管的宽厚比等参数对节点局部受拉承载力的影响,并将试验得到的承载力与规程公式计算结果进行了比较。研究结果表明:倒角放坡型隔板贯通节点具有较好的承载力和延性;影响节点承载力的主要因素是隔板的厚度、浇注孔径和钢管的宽厚比,在钢管中填充混凝土有利于提高节点的屈服承载力和刚度;对于填充混凝土的试件,采用公式计算节点承载力偏于保守。     

钢管混凝土柱-预应力混凝土梁节点抗震性能试验

通过对3个试件的低周反复荷载试验,研究了不同预应力对钢管混凝土柱-预应力混凝土梁节点的破坏形态、滞回曲线、刚度退化、耗能能力等的影响。结果表明:预应力对试件的破坏类型几乎没有影响,破坏均为梁端受弯破坏;梁下部为受拉区时,预应力的施加使刚度退化加快,耗能性能降低;梁上部为受拉区时,预应力试件极限承载力较非预应力试件更高,刚度退化和延性、耗能性能略比非预应力试件好。     

Resistance and thermal insulation of a composite FRP–steel beam

For an optimal design of roof-elements for long spans one has to consider both load-carrying capacity and heat conductivity. In this paper three different alternative web configurations for joining web to flange in a roof-element are investigated. A composite web in combination with fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) is proposed as a solution to achieve an optimised performance. The connection is designed as a mechanical pin-type fastener with a general purpose polyester matrix FRP. Full-scale beam tests and small-scale properties test were carried out. Where connection failure took place, the derived connection capacity load matches fairly. A predicted span length of a roof element is in the order of 8–10 m in a design situation should be possible using the FRP–steel web. The load-carrying and thermal insulation performance of FRP–steel, expanded metal and slotted steel beams are compared by finite element analysis.     

复式钢管混凝土柱与H形钢梁连接节点抗震性能试验研究

借鉴方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁外肋环板节点形式,将非梁柱连接面的柱两侧外肋环板改为竖贴于柱侧的竖向肋板并伸出与梁翼缘焊接,同时设置锚固腹板,形成复式钢管混凝土柱与H形钢梁连接节点。通过7个梁柱组合体试件的低周反复荷载试验,分析各试件的破坏过程及特征,并对试件的滞回性能、承载力、延性、耗能能力和承载力及刚度退化等抗震性能进行研究。研究结果表明：节点的破坏形态基本相同,梁端先屈曲,形成塑性铰;锚固腹板可有效提高节点的承载力和变形能力;竖向肋板外伸长度可提高试件的初始刚度,使梁端塑性铰外移,有效保护节点核心区;试件的滞回曲线呈明显的梭形,具有良好的承载力、延性及耗能能力;试件在整个加载过程中刚度退化现象明显,承载力退化很小,可应用于抗震设防地区。     

铜质形状记忆合金阻尼器在钢梁柱连接中的应用

介绍了对采用铜质形状记忆合金（SMA）的部分约束连接试验研究的详细内容。提出在规则空心钢梁与宽翼缘钢柱之间的端板连接构造,其中4根处于奥氏体阶段的CuA1Be（Ф3mm）钢筋,在端板和柱翼缘之间起着预拉作用。通过在梁末端施加特征频率为0．25Hz和1Hz的循环位移,对连接的物理模型进行试验。采用电位计和测压元件来测量钢筋中的应变、应力和梁端的位移及荷载。     

内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁受弯性能研究

为实现钢材与木材的高效组合,提高钢木组合梁受弯性能,提出了一种内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁。为研究其破坏过程、破坏形态及组合受力性能,以翼缘木板宽度、抗剪连接栓钉间距、薄壁H形钢厚度、翼缘木板厚度、腹板木板高度和腹板木板厚度等为变化参数开展了受弯试验。并提出了可用于预测内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁挠度和受弯承载力的计算公式,进行了有限元分析。结果表明：依据内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁破坏过程及特征,可出现受拉翼缘木板受拉断裂、腹板木板受拉区开裂以及受压翼缘木板受压破坏或薄壁H形钢受压翼缘严重压屈和严重粘胶剥离的受压破坏三种破坏模式;在配置截面面积比约3.5%的薄壁H形钢的情况下,内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁的受弯承载力、抗弯刚度、耗能和延性相对于纯木梁明显提高;腹板木板高度、翼缘木板宽度、翼缘木板厚度和抗剪连接栓钉间距等参数影响内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁受弯性能较为明显,增加腹板木板的高度、翼缘木板的宽度、翼缘木板的厚度和减小抗剪栓钉间距可明显提高内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁的受弯承载力;增加薄壁H形钢厚度,可使内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁受弯承载力和刚度得到一定程度的提高;腹板木板的厚度对内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁的受弯承载力影响不甚明显。所提出内置薄壁H形钢-木组合梁的挠度及受弯承载力计算式和有限元模型合理有效,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

Behaviour of prestressed geotextile-reinforced sand bed supporting a loaded circular footing

In the past, the beneficial effects of prestressing the geosynthetic in reinforced soil foundations have been studied mathematically. It is timely to experimentally investigate the degree of improvement generated by prestressing the geosynthetic layer for several embedment depths of a footing resting on a reinforced sand bed. Therefore, laboratory physical model tests and finite element analyses were conducted to study the behaviour of prestressed geotextile-reinforced sand bed supporting a loaded circular footing. The addition of prestress to the geotextile reinforcement results in significant improvement to the settlement response and the load-bearing capacity of the foundation. For a surface footing, the load-carrying capacity at 5 mm settlement for the prestressed case (with prestress equal to 2% of the allowable tensile strength of the geotextile) is approximately double that of the geotextile-reinforced sand without prestress. The beneficial effects of the prestressed geotextile configuration were evident for greater footing depths, in comparison with unreinforced and reinforced (without prestress) counterparts. Experimental and numerical results were also used to validate a few empirical relationships, which are commonly used for solving soil-structure interaction problems. The results obtained from finite element analysis using the program, PLAXIS are generally found to be in reasonabaly good agreement with experimental results.     

带加劲肋的顶底角钢与腹板双角钢连接的梁柱节点的试验

通过带加劲肋的顶底角钢和腹板双角钢连接的梁柱节点静力荷载试验,分析顶底角钢、顶底角钢加劲肋、腹板角钢、梁柱翼缘和腹板在荷载作用下的应力情况,确定这种连接的受力性能及破坏模式,得到此类连接的M-θ曲线、连接初始刚度、极限承载力和极限转角,讨论了加劲肋及其他因素对连接性能的影响。     

榫卯连接组合框架节点受力性能试验及理论分析

为了探索榫卯节点在钢-混凝土组合结构中应用的可行性,提出了一种钢混组合装配式节点——榫卯连接组合框架节点,设计并制作了2个足尺的榫卯连接节点,对其进行梁端单调静载试验,并采用ABAQUS软件进行有限元模拟分析,探讨了梁内钢筋面积的变化对节点破坏模式、承载能力、刚度、弯矩-转角关系等特征的影响。试验结果表明,该节点具有较好的承载能力和延性,梁内钢筋面积的增加使得节点的刚度、正弯矩区承载力有一定的提高,但对节点负弯矩区承载能力影响不大。节点的破坏模式主要为柱壁鼓曲变形、组合梁翼缘楼板受拉断裂。有限元模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元模型的有效性。最后对该类节点受剪机制进行了分析,结果表明节点核心区受剪承载力主要由钢管、槽钢腹板及核心区混凝土斜压杆组成,并采用叠加方法推导了该类节点核心区的受剪承载力计算式。