A new and accurate fault location algorithm for combined transmission lines using Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System

This paper presents a new and accurate algorithm for locating faults in a combined overhead transmission line with underground power cable using Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The proposed method uses 10 ANFIS networks and consists of 3 stages, including fault type classification, faulty section detection and exact fault location. In the first part, an ANFIS is used to determine the fault type, applying four inputs, i.e., fundamental component of three phase currents and zero sequence current. Another ANFIS network is used to detect the faulty section, whether the fault is on the overhead line or on the underground cable. Other eight ANFIS networks are utilized to pinpoint the faults (two for each fault type). Four inputs, i.e., the dc component of the current, fundamental frequency of the voltage and current and the angle between them, are used to train the neuro-fuzzy inference systems in order to accurately locate the faults on each part of the combined line. The proposed method is evaluated under different fault conditions such as different fault locations, different fault inception angles and different fault resistances. Simulation results confirm that the proposed method can be used as an efficient means for accurate fault location on the combined transmission lines.     

Fault location scheme for combined overhead line with underground power cable

This paper presents a fault location scheme for transmission systems consisting of an overhead line combined with an underground power cable. The algorithm requires phasor measurements data from one end of the transmission line and the synchronized measurements at the most far end of the power cable. Fault location is derived using distributed line model, modal transformation theory and Discrete Fourier Transform. The technique can be used on-line or off-line using the data stored in the digital fault recording apparatuses. The proposed scheme has the ability to locate the fault whether it is in the overhead line or in the underground power cable. In addition to, the proposed scheme gives an accurate estimation of the fault resistance at fault location. Extensive simulation studies carried out using MATLAB show that the proposed scheme provides a high accuracy in fault location under various fault conditions.     

基于电磁时间反演的VSC-HVDC系统架空线-电缆混合线路故障定位方法

针对传统故障定位方法无法应用于架空线-电缆混合直流线路的问题,提出了一种架空线-电缆混合直流线路的故障定位方法,该方法采用先确定故障点所在区段、后在区段中定位的原理。利用故障附加网络的直流分量定义了故障区段判别函数,通过该判别函数在不同区段发生故障时数值不同实现故障区段的判定。然后,分析了电磁时间反演理论在故障定位中的可行性,分析确定了故障特征谐波。利用线路两端特征谐波的电流行进波作为时间反演电路的电流源,设置与原线路拓扑结构镜像的线路,利用时间反演电流源与镜像线路构建时间反演电路。在此基础上,根据时间反演的能量聚焦特性列写故障区段内的故障定位方程并实现区段内故障定位。利用PSCAD/EMTDC搭建的电压源型换流器高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)系统仿真证明了所提方法能实现线缆混合直流输电线路的故障定位。     

基于分布参数模型的混合输电线路精确测距及重合闸方案

华东镇海—舟山500kV线路工程采用复杂的电缆-架空线混合输电线路,发生故障时无法准确对故障位置进行定位,且现有的重合闸方案无法实现自动识别架空线路故障并投入重合闸。文章提出一种基于分布参数模型的混合线路故障测距方案,方案采用正序故障分量,利用混合线路各段准确参数,分别采用线路两侧电气量计算沿线各点的电压有效值。根据两侧电气量计算的故障位置电压有效值相等的特点,对故障位置进行准确计算。且针对实际工程对重合闸的需求,提出一种故障位置区段定位方法。该方法通过比较用两侧电气量计算的电缆和架空线交界处的电压有效值对故障所在区段进行定位,以实现故障点位于电缆线路时不重合,故障点在架空线时重合闸。仿真结果表明,采用华东镇海-舟山500kV线路工程各段准确参数,各故障位置、各故障类型测距误差均不大于2.5%或±1km,测距结果不受过渡电阻影响,且可实现自动识别架空线故障并投入重合闸。     

带并联电抗器的超高压电缆-架空混合线路三相永久性故障识别方法

针对带并联电抗器的超高压电缆-架空混合线路,分析了两相或三相不同性质故障时故障相的残余电压特性,提出了基于差模电压频率测量的相间故障性质识别新判据。混合线路发生故障且两侧断路器跳开后,利用扩展Prony算法快速获取差模电压频率。发生瞬时性故障时,差模电压频率略低于工频;发生永久性故障时,差模电压频率接近于0。基于上述特征可进行瞬时性故障与永久性故障的有效识别,该方法原理简单,且易于实现。大量的EMTDC仿真验证表明,该方法能够有效可靠地实现超高压电缆-架空混合线路的永久性故障与瞬时性故障的识别,且不受过渡电阻、故障位置及电力电缆所占线路全长比例的影响。     

基于波形比较的架空配电线路故障离线定位自动计算方法

现有的架空配电线路在线故障定位方法存在只能确定故障区段的不足,离线故障定位方法则存在故障定位灵敏度低与精度差的问题.针对上述问题,建立高压脉冲冲击线路响应模型,通过分析故障线路电流分布特征与波形差异,提出了一种基于波形比较的架空配电线路故障离线定位自动计算方法.该方法使用高压脉冲信号发生器向故障线路注入直流脉冲信号,以相关系数作为波形相似程度的判别依据,通过分析不同测量点电流波形与基准电流波形的相似性差异,实现了故障定位的自动计算,解决了故障尤其是经高阻接地故障定位灵敏度低的问题.分析了不同磁场测量方式与基准信号参考点的选取对故障定位精度的影响,完善了故障离线定位体系,提高了定位精度.仿真以及实际试验表明,该方法可有效实现故障点的精确定位.     

基于双端故障信息的高压电缆-架空线混合线路故障测距方法

提出了一种基于双端故障信息的高压混合线路测距算法,利用输电线路首、末端电压、电流工频量分段递推,通过搜索两端线路沿线电压曲线的交点来确定故障点位置,并讨论了伪根的鉴别方法,进而针对双端数据不同步、不同采样频率、不同过渡电阻等各种情况进行了全面的仿真计算。仿真结果表明,该方法测距精度高,且不要求线路两端数据同步,不受线路两端系统阻抗和故障点过渡电阻的影响,具备较高的实用价值。     

An alternative approach to fault location on power distribution feeders with embedded remote-end power generation using artificial neural networks

In this paper, the design and implementation of a feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN)-based fault locator to classify and locate shunt faults on primary overhead power distribution lines with load taps and embedded remote-end power generation is presented. In the ANN algorithm, the standard back-propagation technique with a sigmoid activation function is used. The fault locator utilizes fault voltage and current samples obtained at a single location of a typical radial distribution system. The ANNs are trained with data under a wide variety of fault conditions and used for the fault type classification and fault location on the distribution line. A 34.5?kV distribution system is simulated using electro-magnetic transients program and their results are used to train and test the ANNs. The ANN-based fault locator gives high accuracy for the vast majority of the practically encountered systems and fault conditions, including the presence of load taps and the remote-end in-feed source.     

特高压直流输电线路接地极线路高阻故障测距方法研究

直流接地极线路不同于直流输电线路,其在正常运行下,电压电流的值均很小,且极址点是通过阻值很小的过渡电阻接地,因此接地极线路精确定位是故障测距的难点。理论分析和仿真表明,当接地极线路发生接地故障,且接地点电阻大于或等于极址电阻时,流入故障点的电流很小,利用沿线电压分布推导得到的故障点电压不再是电压在线路上分布的最小值,而极址点电压是沿线电压分布的最小值。因此根据故障点电压相等来构造测距函数的测距原理存在不足之处。利用极址点电压相等构造测距函数,提出一种基于故障录波数据的耐受高阻接地的直流接地极线路故障测距新方法。大量仿真表明,该算法可以实现接地极线路的精确定位,对采样率要求不高,便于工程实际运用。     

线缆混合输电线路故障组合行波测距方法及影响因素研究

电缆-架空线混合输电线路的故障暂态行波具有复杂多变的传播特性。通过理论分析和仿真验证,深入研究电缆-架空线混合线路故障暂态行波的产生机理及传播特性。并基于此阐明混合线路的单双端组合行波测距原理,详细探究了过渡电阻、故障初始相角、故障类型、故障距离对混合输电线路故障电压行波、电流行波的传播特性及组合行波测距精度的影响。同时计算分析了电缆金属屏蔽层单端接地线上的故障电流随故障距离的变化关系。过渡电阻、故障初始相角、故障类型对220 kV电缆-架空线混合线路的故障电压行波、电流行波幅值有显著影响,但对行波的第一个波头到达线路两端所需时间无影响。不同故障位置下,混合线路故障行波的幅值及第一个波头到达两端所需时间不同。电缆金属屏蔽层采用单端接地方式时,电流行波幅值随电缆故障距离增大呈非线性单调递减的特性。     

Transmission line fault location using digital fault recorders

A technique for the location of transmission line faults using voltage and current measurements from one end of the faulted line is presented. The method differs from past approaches in that a time domain rather than a frequency domain representation of voltage and current is used. A phase network model is used, permitting explicit treatment of self and mutual impedance effects for either a single three-phase circuit or two parallel three-phase circuits. The algorithm will be used as one of the analysis functions for a digital fault recorder. Test results are presented to illustrate the performance of the algorithm under various system conditions and configurations. Results compare favorably with those obtained using previously reported fault location methods. Estimated fault locations are within 3 to 4% of the actual fault location. Most cases show errors within 2% of the actual fault location     

Analysis of one-line ground fault surge on simulated overhead distribution line

One-line fault location techniques of intermittent ground fault points on nongrounded distribution lines are necessary to supply steady electric power for customers. This paper proposes a novel method that uses frequency spectra of transient waveforms at a sending end when an intermittent ground fault occurs. In this method, if a ground fault position differs, it causes a different frequency spectrum pattern for the current or voltage transients at a send end (decided by surge reflection phenomena between the sending end and the ground fault point). Comparison between experimental data of one-line ground fault tests on a simulated overhead line (373 m line length, two branch points) and digital simulation analyses shows that the grounded capacitance of a power source transformer was useful in locating the ground fault point. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (1): 52–60, 1997     

基于模量网络分析的接地极线路故障定位新算法

针对直流接地极线路发生远距离、高阻接地故障时,现有故障定位算法精度低的问题,提出了一种基于模量网络分析的接地极线路故障定位新算法。基于线路的分布参数模型,建立了故障后接地极线路故障模量网络,在此基础上利用接地极线路量测端的电压、电流量计算沿线的电压、电流分布,进而得到故障点处的测量阻抗,根据故障点处测量阻抗虚部最小的特点进行故障定位。大量仿真结果表明,该算法可实现接地极线路全长范围内的准确定位,且不受故障位置和分布电容的影响,具有较高的故障定位精度。     

高压输电线路单端故障测距新方法

提出了一种新的单端故障测距的方法,根据故障发生后的故障附加网络,利用单端故障电压电流计算沿线故障电压对距离的导数,然后再求其范数在线路上的分布,根据其分布特点确定故障点的位置,实现测距。仿真证明该新方法具有较高的准确度和稳定性。     

Fast fault detection scheme for series-compensated lines during power swing

This paper reports the use of a novel ultra-high speed scheme to release the distance relay to operate for a fault during a power swing in the series compensated line. In the scheme, in order to extract the fault induced voltage and current components, voltage and current samples are analyzed by the multi-resolution morphological gradient (MMG), first. Then, the fault initiated forward travelling wave is computed at the distance relay point. Next, Likelihood ratio [LR] test is utilized to detect a jump in the statistical mean of the calculated forward travelling wave. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier is employed to distinguish faults from other normal capacitor and switching transients. It is shown that in all of the simulated cases, our ultra-high speed algorithm was successful in fault detection across a wide range conditions including, fault type, fault resistance, fault location, pre-fault loading and fault inception time. Moreover, we found that using the proposed scheme significantly speeded the fault detection, in comparison with the existing phasor based methods. In addition, the improvements noted in our algorithm are achieved with a low computational burden.     

应用于含有线-缆混合线路配电网的行波故障测距新方法

故障行波波头的准确辨识是提高配电网行波故障测距精度的关键因素之一,文中提出基于改进希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)的行波波头标定方法,首先利用自适应噪声的完全集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)方法对故障信号进行分解,再利用希尔伯特变换求取高频固有模态函数分量的瞬时幅值,根据瞬时幅值的突变点确定行波波头的到达时刻。针对配电网的单一线路,利用该方法标定行波波头后,采用D型测距原理实现测距;针对线-缆混合线路,提出了基于接点时差的双端测距原理实现故障测距。对不同故障时间、故障位置、接地电阻等情况的故障进行仿真实验,结果表明,该方法可精确标定行波波头,且具有较高的测距精度。     

考虑金属护层耦合的高压电缆单相接地故障定位方法

针对电缆导芯和金属护层之间存在电磁耦合影响故障定位准确精度的问题,提出一种考虑金属护层耦合的高压电缆故障定位方法.该方法通过双τ分布参数模型建立电缆导芯和金属护层耦合关系,利用首末端的电气量,进而确定电缆导芯分布电压的表达式.然后以首末端分别计算的故障点导芯电压瞬时值差值来构造定位判据,同时对不良数据进行有效剔除,采用...     

Analysis of shunt faults in the laterals of overhead power distribution feeders using superimposed components

In this study, a digital fault location and monitoring technique for overhead power distribution lines with laterals is presented. The technique is based on utilising the fault voltage and current samples obtained at a single location. In the implementation of the algorithm, the superimposed voltage and current components rather than total values are used to minimise the effects of preloading on the accuracy. The effectiveness of the method is verified through electro-magnetic transients program simulations.     

基于双端不同步采样数据的高压输电线路故障测距

提出了一种基于双端不同步采样数据的高压输电线路故障测距算法。该算法考虑了线路的分布参数特性,利用线路双端电压和电流量进行故障测距,从而保证测距不受过渡电阻的影响。对于不换位三相线路,采用模分量法,使相互耦合的相空间三相线路解耦为相互独立的模量。为了避免求解导数的复杂性,该文采用Powell方向加速法进行求解。仿真计算表明,算法对整个线路长度区间内的任何故障点都能精确测距。     

基于故障电流分布因子的单端故障定位方法

为了实现电力电缆的精确定位,提出了一种基于故障电流分布因子的单端故障定位方法。该方法首先根据Kirchhoff电压定理对电力系统等效模型建立表达式,然后检测线路单端三相电压、电流的正序、负序以及零序分量,接着引入故障电流分布因子,用故障类型的加权系数以及故障电流增量值替代故障电流,建立故障定位函数,最后检测出故障距离。仿真实验表明该方法鲁棒性强且具有较高的精确性。