Racial differences in job and work environment priorities among newly hired college graduates.

Conducted a study of 70 black and 179 white newly hired college graduates to assess racial differences in Ss' rated importance of various work and company characteristics. Responses to survey items asking the Ss to rate the importance of several job and company characteristics were factor analyzed. 2 factors emerged, the 1st reflecting a higher order future and growth orientation and the 2nd, a more hygienic job context factor. Results show that both black and white Ss rated the higher order growth characteristics as more important. However, black Ss rated each hygienic extrinsic item significantly higher than did white Ss. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex differences in preferences for job attributes revisited.

A sample representative of the adult noninstitutionalized population of the continental US was stratified by sex and occupation. Data were derived from the 1974 General Survey conducted by the National Opinion Research Center, as reported by J. A. Davis (1975). Ss rank ordered 5 job attributes in terms of their importance: high income, security, short hours, advancement, and feelings of accomplishment. No sex differences were found. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex differences and similarities in job attribute preferences: A meta-analysis.

Many researchers have studied sex differences in job attribute preferences. The authors meta-analyzed 242 samples collected from 321,672 men and boys and 316,842 women and girls in the United States between 1970 and 1998. Findings indicated significant (p     

Sex differences in job satisfaction.

Measures of 5 separate aspects of job satisfaction gathered from 295 male workers and 163 female workers drawn from 4 different plants were analyzed with respect to the mean job satisfaction for the male and female workers. T2 analyses indicated that in 3 plants the female workers were significantly less satisfied than their male counterparts (p     

Sex differences in romantic love attitudes among college students

Collection and collation of statistical information is an ever-increasing requirement in the modern medical illustration department. Business planning and general management decisions are all based on such criteria. As the NHS 'market place' philosophy evolves, traditional manual systems of record-keeping are no longer adequate. This paper describes the 'in-house' development of a customized database using the Apple Macintosh computer, and outlines the reasons for this choice of system.     

Sex differences in employment experiences of 1976 Canadian graduates in psychology.

Two large-scale surveys were undertaken by Statistics Canada in 1978 to examine the employment experiences of 1976 graduates from Canadian universities (outside Quebec). The present report is based on secondary analyses of this data. It compares the experiences of psychology graduates with those from other fields and examines possible sex differences. In terms of full-time employment, salary, and relatedness of job to education and job satisfaction, the employment experiences of psychology graduates were positive. There were, however, consistent sex differences (in favor of males) in salary and, to a lesser extent, in full-time employment rate. Sex differences remained after controlling for several possible contributors, such as working experience, age, marital status, and, in the case of salary, for full-time employment. (French abstract) (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Proactive personality and the successful job search: A field investigation with college graduates.

The current article tests a model of proactive personality and job search success with a sample of 180 graduating college students. Using structural equation modeling, the authors tested a theoretical model that specified the relations among proactive personality, job search self-efficacy, job search behaviors, job search effort, and job search outcomes. Job seekers were surveyed at 2 separate points in time, once 3-4 months prior to graduation and once 2-3 months following graduation. The results suggest that proactive personality (a) significantly influenced the success of college graduates' job search, (b) was partially mediated through job search self-efficacy and job search behavior, and (c) was independent of self-esteem and conscientiousness. The findings are discussed in terms of their general implications for understanding the nature of the process through which distal personality factors, such as proactive personality, affect the nature and success of an individual's job search. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dimensions of job incentives among college students.

Job goals at graduation were described, and 8 selected job incentive statements were ranked by college Ss. Factor analysis of intercorrelations among the ranked incentives yielded 3 factors tentatively identified as: need achievement vs. fear of failure, interest in the job vs. the job as an opportunity for acquiring status, and job autonomy of supervision vs. supervisor dependency. "A content analysis of incentive statements contributed by 29% of the ranking Ss (N = 267) gave three major categories: opportunity to help others, job satisfaction, and job interest and variety." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex differences in self-reported influence among union officers.

Explored differences between self-reported influence and its correlates in 148 adult male and 111 adult female elected union committee officers in Israel. Results show that females rated their influence lower than did males. An examination of the differences in patterns of associations shows that sex proportion and serving as chairperson were significant predictors of influence only for females. It is suggested that females' perception of their influence was more responsive to the evaluation of their fellow workers, while that of males was more responsive to the committee's influence on management. (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Vocational indecision in college graduates.

Compared 127 vocationally undecided college graduates matched by sex, age, and college major with graduates who had selected an occupation on a questionnaire survey of graduating seniors. Undecided Ss had a significantly lower GPA than decided Ss, more often intended noncareer activities following graduation, less often were going to graduate school, and were far less satisfied with their university experience. Increases in indecisiveness in high school and college might be countered either through vocational counseling geared more to graduates' academic achievement or through facilitating a nonvocational orientation toward college. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ethnic group differences in relationships among criteria of job performance.

Investigated racial discrimination and differential bias in criterion measures for 75 black and 359 white tellers in a large bank. 6 supervisory ratings and 4 objective criteria (adjusted salary increase, percent of time worked, and number of shortages and averages) were obtained. Results indicate that mean differences between black and white employees on the criterion measures were generally small, and most statistically significant differences were reduced to nonsignificance when the effects of age and job tenure were removed. However, further analyses showed that the white supervisors based their evaluations of subordinates on objective data for black employees considerably more than they did for white employees. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex differences in responsiveness to babies among mature adults.

Interest in babies, a feminine sex-typed behavior, was assessed in 30 parents of adolescents, 28 parents whose grown children were no longer living at home, and 26 grandparents of an infant. Measures included responsivity to an unfamiliar baby in a waiting room situation, interest in pictures of babies, and the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. Contrasting expectations of the course of male vs female reactions to babies are suggested by trait theory, sociobiology, and a functional-based role theory of sex differences. Across a variety of indices, grandparents demonstrated more interest in babies than did the other parent groups. Grandmothers were more sensitive to the baby's elicitations than grandfathers. The stage-of-life findings and sex differences support a functional-based role theory, that is, sex differences serve a function at the time they are manifested. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Occupation and smoking in college graduates.

The results of a study of 895 members of the Harvard Class of 1946, 13 years after graduation, with respect to the association of occupation and smoking behavior, indicate statistically significant differentiations between smokers and nonsmokers; between cigarette, cigar, and pipe smokers; and in accordance with degree or rate of cigarette smoking. The significance of these findings appears to relate to the influence of personality and constitution on smoking behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex preferences in sociometric choices.

Sex biases in children's sociometric preferences were examined developmentally using rating-scale data from 195 girls and 191 boys in kindergarten through the third grade (Study 1) and from 91 girls and 88 boys in the third through sixth grades (Study 2). Results of both studies indicated that children at each grade level rated opposite-sex classmates significantly lower than same-sex classmates. Furthermore, there was a significant linear trend for children's sex biases to increase with age, with this trend being particularly pronounced in the younger grades (i.e., kindergarten to Grade 3). Specifically, children received significantly lower ratings from opposite-sex peers in Grade 3 than they received in kindergarten, Grade 1, and Grade 2. Results are discussed in terms of future research in the area of sociometric assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex similarities and differences in preferences for short-term mates: What, whether, and why.

Are there sex differences in criteria for sexual relationships? The answer depends on what question a researcher asks. Data suggest that, whereas the sexes differ in whether they will enter short-term sexual relationships, they are more similar in what they prioritize in partners for such relationships. However, additional data and context of other findings and theory suggest different underlying reasons. In Studies 1 and 2, men and women were given varying "mate budgets" to design short-term mates and were asked whether they would actually mate with constructed partners. Study 3 used a mate-screening paradigm. Whereas women have been found to prioritize status in long-term mates, they instead (like men) prioritize physical attractiveness much like an economic necessity in short-term mates. Both sexes also show evidence of favoring well-rounded long- and short-term mates when given the chance. In Studies 4 and 5, participants report reasons for having casual sex and what they find physically attractive. For women, results generally support a good genes account of short-term mating, as per strategic pluralism theory (S. W. Gangestad & J. A. Simpson, 2000). Discussion addresses broader theoretical implications for mate preference, and the link between method and theory in examining social decision processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex differences in predictions of college grades from scholastic aptitude test scores.

Appraised 2 explanations for sex differences in over- and underprediction of college grades by the Scholastic Aptitude Test: sex-related differences in (1) the nature of the grade criterion and (2) the variables associated with academic performance. An entire freshmen class at a large state university was studied. Women's GPA was underpredicted (and men's GPA was overpredicted), but only by a small amount. When the GPA was adjusted for differences in grading standards for individual courses, over- and underpredictions were not affected, but when sex differences were controlled for in individual-differences variables concerned with academic preparations, studiousness, and attitudes about mathematics, over- and underprediction were reduced. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex and acculturation differences in occupational values among Chinese-American children.

A study of sex and acculturation differences in occupational values among a group of Chinese-American children (5th and 6th graders) found that money and task satisfaction were very important values, whereas object orientation and solitude were quite unimportant. The high-acculturation children valued self-realization more than the low-acculturation children. Some sex differences in occupational values were also found among this group of children: boys valued object orientation, self-realization, and ideas–data more than did girls, and girls valued altruism more than did boys. The counseling and research implications of the findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Racial differences in job attitudes.

Compared the need satisfaction of 87 black certified public accountants (cpas) with 131 other cpas, using a need satisfaction questionnaire by L. A. Porter as a measure. Findings indicate that black cpas generally reported more need deficiency in all items than other ss. In both groups, self-actualization and compensation needs were the most deficient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)