冶金因素对低合金钢点蚀扩展过程的影响

通过室内间浸挂片与模拟闭塞腐蚀电池试验对4种常用N i-Cr系与Mn系低合金钢的点蚀扩展速率作了比较,研究了4种钢的腐蚀行为,从冶金因素上分析探讨了引起点蚀扩展速率差异的机理.结果表明:短期内N i-Cr系钢的点蚀扩展速率小于Mn系钢,而在模拟长期挂片的OCC试验中N i-Cr系钢的点蚀扩展速率却大于Mn系钢.初步分析认为钢中的夹杂物对钢的点蚀扩展有促进作用;Cr在点蚀扩展初期尚未完全活化对提高钢的点蚀扩展阻力有利,在中后期Cr的活化促进了点蚀的扩展.     

三种不锈钢在含Cl^—衣康酸介质中的腐蚀行为

研究了３种不锈钢在衣康酸／氯化钠水溶液中的腐蚀和电化学特性并探讨了介质组成和温度的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,随衣康酸浓度,氯化钠浓度和温芳的提高,不锈钢的腐蚀速率、致钝电流密度和维钝电流密度也有所增大,不锈钢的点蚀电位与衣康酸介质中Ｃｌ＾－浓度的对数间存在线性关系;     

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels(HNSS) were investigated by electrochemical and immersion testing methods in chloride solution,respectively.The chemical constitution and composition in the depth of passive films formed on HNSS were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectrum(XPS).HNSS has excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance compared to 316L stainless steel.With increasing the nitrogen content in steels,pitting potentials and critical ...     

模拟海洋大气环境下304光亮不锈钢耐蚀性研究

建立了基于电化学阻抗谱(EIS)及电化学噪声技术(EN)的不锈钢大气腐蚀检测方法.设计并制作了配套的电解池.运用所建立的方法测试并计算得到了光亮退火、传统退火工艺处理的304不锈钢在模拟潮湿海洋大气环境中低频阻抗模值和电位噪声功率密度谱的白噪声水平.结果表明:在模拟近海及海洋大气环境中,不锈钢的腐蚀速率随Cl-浓度的增大而增大,同一浓度下,光亮不锈钢的腐蚀速率明显低于普通不锈钢;白噪声水平随Cl-浓度的增大呈现上升趋势,光亮不锈钢钝化膜的稳定性优于普通不锈钢.显示了光亮不锈钢在近海及海洋大气环境中优异的耐蚀性能.     

Effects of deoxidizing degree on the pitting corrosion behavior of carbon and manganese steels

Nine steels with different deoxidizing degrees and two comparative steels were selected. Their pitting initiation susceptibility was compared by means of potentiodynamic polarization tests in 3wt% NaCl solution. The pit propagation rate was evaluated in artificial sea water and 3wt% sea salt solution by simulating occluded corrosion cell (SOCC) test and hanging plate test, respectively. The composition of inclusions and corrosive feature were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe mic...     

高温高压含O2溴盐完井液中13Cr不锈钢的腐蚀行为研究

随着越来越复杂开发工艺的应用,油气田现场服役环境也变得更加复杂苛刻,一些现场操作环节（如井下回注CO2、回注采出水、药剂加注、环空注氮、管道试压、维修操作等）不可避免会将O2引入井下环境。O2的混入会导致井下管材发生不可预期的腐蚀风险,尤其对以13Cr不锈钢为代表的耐蚀油套管材,潜在局部腐蚀风险很高。针对溴盐完井液中O2混入导致井下管材腐蚀风险加剧的问题,本文采用高温高压腐蚀模拟实验,结合扫描电镜、能谱分析等微观表征手段,研究了高温高压含O2环境下不同浓度溴盐完井液中普通13Cr和超级13Cr两种典型不锈钢油套管材的腐蚀行为及机理。结果表明：在高温高压含O2溴盐完井液环境下,两种13Cr不锈钢的腐蚀速率均较高,尤其局部腐蚀速率;参照NACE PR-0775标准,普通13Cr在1.01 g?cm-3浓度的溴盐溶液中就已经属于严重腐蚀,并且随着溴盐质量浓度的升高,腐蚀程度不断加剧,在1.10 g?cm-3达到极严重腐蚀;当溴盐质量浓度达到1.40 g?cm-3时,两种材料的最大局部腐蚀速率均已超过5 mm?a-1;微观形貌分析结果表明,溴盐完井液中O2混入对13Cr不锈钢管材的耐蚀性能具有显著影响,这主要是由于O2混入降低了材料表面钝化膜的稳定性,点蚀萌生于材料基体表面致密富Cr钝化膜的破损处,向基体深部发展,蚀坑周边区域有大量腐蚀产物堆积,蚀坑与周边区域存在局部的电偶效应,进一步加速蚀坑的发展。     

A3F和X70钢在H2S环境下腐蚀行为研究

采用动电位极化曲线与交流阻抗技术,针对辽河油田H2S含量对A3F与X70管线钢的腐蚀情况进行研究,并使用金相显微镜对腐蚀形貌进行了观察.结果表明,两种管线钢在电极过程中均呈现典型的活化控制;X70管线钢的耐腐蚀情况要明显优于A3F管线钢,腐蚀形态均为伴随着点蚀的局部腐蚀.     

Incubation and development of corrosion in microstructures of low alloy steels under a thin liquid film of NaCl aqueous solution

Electrochemical measurement,optical microscopy,and scanning electron microscopy were employed to investigate the corrosion behavior of some low alloy steels.The steels were held under a thin liquid film of 0.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution.It is found that the steels with the same chemical composition but different microstructures exhibit obviously different corrosion behaviors.However,the corrosum behavior of the steels with different compositions but the same microstructures may be suuilar in the present investigation.The corrosion rate of bainite is slower than that of ferrite and pearlite.The corrosion products of bainite are uniform and fine.The size of carbon-rich phases produces a great impact on the corrosion of the steels,whether in the initial stage or in the long term It is easy to induce large pitting for carbon-rich phases with large size,which damages the compactness of the rust layer.     

合金元素对铸造奥氏体不锈钢抗点蚀性能影响的研究

采用电化学动态法测定了五种铸造奥氏体不锈钢在含有Cl~-的介质中的点蚀规律。实验结果表明:介质中含有Cl~-会不同程度地降低五种钢的抗点蚀性能;合金元素Cr,Mo能提高钢的抗点蚀性能;高Cr,Mo的铸造合金有良好的抗点蚀性能。     

Effects of chromium on the corrosion and electrochemical behaviors of ultra high strength steels

The effects of chromium on the corrosion and the electrochemical behaviors of ultra high strength steels were studied by the salt spray test and electrochemical methods. The results show that ultra high strength steels remain martensite structures and have anodic dissolu-tion characteristic with an increase of chromium content There is no typical passive region on the polarization curves of an ultra high strength stainless steel, AerMet 100 steel, and 300M steel However, chromium improves the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel re-markably. It has the slowest corrosion rate in the salt spray test, one order of magnitude less than that of AerMet 100 and 300M steels. With the increase of chromium content, the polarization resistance becomes larger, the corrosion potential shifts towards the positive direction with a value of 545 mV, and the corrosion current density decreases in electrochemical measures in 3.5wr% NaCl solutions. Because of the higher content of chromium, the ultra high strength stainless steel has a better corrosion resistance than AerMet 100 and 300M steels.     

X80和X70管线钢在NaHCO3溶液中钝化膜的电化学性能

采用动电位极化、交流阻抗和电容测量等方法研究了X80和X70管线钢在0．5mol／L NaHCO3溶液中的活化-钝化行为及生成的钝化膜的电化学性能。极化曲线表明,X80和X70钢在-0．16～0．90V发生了钝化,X70钢的雏钝电流密度（ip）约为18．38μA／cm^2,而X80钢的维钝电流密度约为6．76μA／cm^2。交流阻抗表明,X80钢表面生成的钝化膜比X70钢的更加致密,均匀性更好,与原子力显微镜（AFM）的观察结果相吻合。电容测量表明,X80和X70钢在该溶液中表面生成的钝化膜在-0．20～0．80V为n型半导体,且X80钢比X70钢表面钝化膜的施主密度更低,空间电荷层更厚,耐蚀性更好。     

外加阴极电位对X100管线钢近中性pH值应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了X100管线钢在NS4溶液中,在外加阴极电位下的应力腐蚀开裂行为.结果表明,与在自腐蚀电位下相比,-900 mV SCE外加阴极电位没有明显增强其近中性pH应力腐蚀开裂(NNpH-SCC)敏感性;但是,当外加阴极电位为-1500 mV SCE时,其NNpH-SCC敏感性显著增强.与X80管线钢在外加阴极电位下的NNpH-SCC敏感性相比较后表明,外加阴极电位对X80管线钢的NNpH-SCC敏感性影响更加强烈.     

Effect of Temperature and Cl~- Concentration on Pitting of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

The electrochemical behaviors of 2205 duplex stainless steel in NaCl solution with different temperatures and concentrations were studied by gravimetric tests, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experinental results show that temperature and chloride concentration have a great influence on the pitting resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steels. They not only effect the corrosion rate of pitting, but also change the shape of the pits. When NaCl solution was in low concentration and temperature below the critical pitting temperature, pits were very small and scattered with hemisphere-like shape. On the contrary, the pits of 2205 duplex stainless steel were large and sometimes had a lacy cover when the NaCl concentration was higher and the temperature was 70℃.     

应用统计理论中极值分布对钝态金属小孔腐蚀的研究

本文在实验室对钝态不锈钢小孔腐蚀试验的结果,进行统计理论分析,表明孔蚀最大深度的分布符合极值Ⅰ型分布规律.并以此规律为依据,对现场不锈钢热交换管的泄漏情况进行讨论,结果表明符合实际情况     

点蚀孔腐蚀钢构件力学性能劣化简化分析方法

点蚀是一种局部和剧烈的腐蚀形态,导致钢结构构件力学性能退化,突然之间发生事故,对结构整体造成安全隐患.本文针对具有点蚀孔腐蚀特征的钢构件,提出一种通过等效弹性模量定量评价其力学性能劣化程度的简化分析方法.依据周期喷雾复合试验数据,以锈蚀率和最大点蚀深度为基础,对点蚀孔深度、直径及分布情况作出适当假定;考虑涂层寿命的影响,以锈蚀率相等为原则建立人工加速腐蚀试验和海洋大气条件下Q235钢构件腐蚀情况的转换关系.建立考虑点蚀影响的有限元构件模型,通过轴向均布力作用下的构件变形确定海洋大气环境不同暴露时间下点蚀构件的等效弹性模量,提出点蚀构件力学性能劣化分析的实用计算方法.数值算例验证了上述采用等效弹性模量分析腐蚀构件受力性能方法的正确性;计算结果表明,在相同锈蚀率条件下,点蚀构件的等效弹性模量低于均匀腐蚀构件.     

船舶用低合金钢在模拟海水中的腐蚀行为研究

以船舶用低合金为研究对象,采用电化学交流阻抗谱和极化曲线研究浸泡时间和氯离子浓度对低合金钢腐蚀的影响。实验结果表明,随着氯离子浓度从10^-5 mol/L增加到10^-1 mol/L,低合金钢的腐蚀速率从3.2×10^-6 mA/cm^2增加到1.1×10^-5 mA/cm^2,显著增加了低合金钢的腐蚀速率;此外随着浸泡时间从1d增加到30d,低合金钢在模拟海水中的电荷转移电阻有先增大后减小,最后渐渐稳定的趋势,第三天时电荷转移电阻达到最大的800Ω。     

含碳量和冷却速度对中碳低合金钢组织性能的影响及应用效果

研究了碳元素及空气、水玻璃溶液、水3种淬火介质对中碳低合金钢组织性能的影响规律，在理论研究的基础上，制出衬板产品，实际装机考核，结果表明：其使用寿命是高锰钢的1.5倍以上。     

Study on pitting process of 316L stainless steel by means of staircase potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Pitting corrosion of 316L stainless steel in NaCl solution was investigated by means of staircase potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(SPEIS).The investigation focused on the transition of stainless steel from the passive state to pitting corrosion.Based on the evolution of electrical parameters of the equivalent electrical circuit,it is suggested that the most probable mechanism of pit creation is the film breaking model.The result demonstrates that staircase potential electrochemical impedance...     

分维方法对碳钢土壤腐蚀行为的表征

碳钢土壤腐蚀规律涉及埋地管道的安全运行,受到高度重视。根据大量的碳钢土壤腐蚀数据样本,用分形理论研究平均腐蚀速度、点蚀深度、腐蚀坑深分布和坑直径分布等参数特征,比较它们的分维和无标度区。研究表明,在足够的平行试样、足够的腐蚀发展量及腐蚀发展时间下,相应腐蚀速度标准偏差分维、腐蚀坑深分布分维和腐蚀坑直径分布分维具有稳定性。分维值提供衡量腐蚀随机复杂程度的定量指标,如平行腐蚀试验和区域腐蚀试验的平均偏差分维分别等于1.34和1.4 9。并且经分维修正后的变异系数、点蚀系数成为衡量腐蚀特性的更通用参数。通过分维和它们自相似性(无标度区间)特性的研究,为揭示腐蚀机理及发展过程提供了参考。     

MnS+TiN夹杂物对超高强度钢韧性的影响

超高强度钢中常见的两类夹杂物为MnS和TiN,它们共同对韧性的影响迄今尚未系统研究过。本文以D_6AC钢为基体,分别改变硫和氮的含量,使钢中含有8种不同含量的MnS+TiN夹杂物。通过板状试样拉伸实验,观察裂纹在夹杂物上形核和扩展的准动态过程,并测定了试样的常规机械性能和断型韧性。试验结果表明,夹杂物总体积分数fv和平均间距dT是影响K_1c和a_K值的两个重要参数。结果还表明,随着夹杂物尺寸的增加,裂纹临界形核应变降低。在相同尺寸情况下,裂纹在TiN上形核的临界应变比在MnS上形核小,因而MnS对韧性的影响低于TiN。