REACH法规实施细则解读(二)

5 实施REACH法规的负面影响 2003年,欧盟委员会在其对化学品生产商和进口商的测试和注册费进行评估后的报告中称,估计在11年内(2008年至2018年),由测试和注册产生的直接成本总计约23亿欧元.如果有1%～2%的物质停止生产,面临高额替代时,下游用户将增加成本5～13亿欧元.这是针对欧盟范围内的化工企业和下游用户而言的.     

贝先国烹制的湘菜香飘沈阳

贝先国,现年31岁,从厨近20年,湖南测阳人,先后在长沙、郑州、北京等地工作,高级烹调技师,他曾在郑州市烹饪比赛获得金奖,现任丽湖蒸菜厨师长.丽湖蒸菜于2005年12月5号开业,其中三好旗舰店坐落于沈阳的IT中心三好街,营业面积600平方米,食物以湘菜为主,并根据东北的口味进行了改良,从色香味上看都属精品.店面布置得很优雅,大厅明亮,半隔断的小包房也很温馨.     

"5.12"汶川特大地震给四川工商职业技术学院造成巨大损失

本刊讯 "5.12"四川汶川8.0级特大地震,给地处都江堰市,紧邻地震中心汶川映秀镇的四川工商职业技术学院造成了巨大损失.地震袭来.建筑物左右摇晃,天花板和墙壁装饰纷纷脱落,电脑、文件柜等办公设备纷纷倒塌,学生7号宿舍、素质拓展馆和活动中心的半面墙壁轰然塌下.     

千年酱文化水乡得发扬——"2007中国首届酱文化国际高峰论坛"在浙江绍兴隆重举行

中国第一座酱文化博物馆开馆祭祖庆典暨2007中国首届酱文化(绍兴)国际高峰论坛于12月15日在浙江绍兴隆重举行.15日上午,在绍兴县平水镇的绍兴至味食品有限公司厂区内的中国酱文化博物馆门前,举行了盛大的开馆庆典及祭祀酱园鼻祖蔡邕仪式.开馆仪式结束后,有来自中、美、意、日、韩、新、泰七国和港台两地区的300多名专家、学者和企业家,又参加了于12月15日下午至17日,在浙江省绍兴隆重举行的"2007中国首届酱文化(绍兴)国际高峰论坛".     

小米的化学成分及物理性质的研究进展

系统地介绍了国内外对小米中各种化学成分及其营养保健功能的研究进展,包括碳水化合物、蛋白质和氨基酸、脂肪及脂肪酸、维生素、矿物质和微量元素、色素、肌醇、黄酮、多酚等的含量及营养保健功能.同时,对小米物理性质方面的研究进展也做了介绍.     

"头羊"的代价——参加中国(广东)国际印刷技术展首日走笔

中国(广东)国际印刷技术展览会作为北京国际印刷技术展览会的姊妹展,4月10日上午一开幕,立刻博得了满堂彩.为确保来参加展览的车辆及观众顺利进入现场,主办方得到了当地政府交管部门的支持,对展览馆附近一些道路进行了疏导,不相干的车辆及行人被有效疏散到别的地方.尽管首日上午阴雨绵绵,但丝毫没有影响到馆内汹涌的人流.     

中国黄酒的科研现状及发展

论述了中国黄酒近年的发展与行业整体科技水平的提升。酿造企业在设备上已,一泛实现了机械化与半机械化;工艺技术上在传统工艺的基础上应用了新工艺与新技术,提高了产品的质量安全水平;产品包装上出现了精美高雅的各式包装：产品品种上以新风格口感为导向,开发改变了单一的风格特征;在功能性研究上,除发现了γ-氨基丁酸外,还对黄酒中的功能性物质进行了深入的研究。     

HAVE A REST——欧宝卡车情景

正我对二战轮式车辆一直比较喜爱,而自己一直没有做过二战德军的卡车系列,在看了很多高手的卡车作品后自己也想开工一辆,我最终选择了制作一辆经典的欧宝3吨4×2卡车。欧宝卡车作为二战德军重要的轮式车辆,不仅产量很大而且根据不同的用途又衍生出了很多不同的型号,货厢版是最基本的欧宝3吨卡车,也是群众基础最好的一个版本,但正是因为做的人太多,对于我这种追求"个性"的人来说,做一个普通的货厢版无疑是缺乏吸引力的。为了让自己的欧宝卡车能别具一格,我查阅了一些欧     

重压下的新坦克——俄罗斯T-14“阿尔马塔”主战坦克

正2015年5月9日卫国战争胜利70周年阅兵式中,T-14坦克高调亮相,一改过去苏俄风格的新颖造型着实吸引着世人的眼球。其无人炮塔、底盘集中乘员舱等设计已初具四代坦克概念。然而随着T-95和T-90的相继被否,因乌克兰问题又受到西方国家的制裁,俄军方的现代化步伐更加雪上加霜。不过俄罗斯民族向来以坚韧顽强著称,越是窘境越能激发其强大的战斗力,红场上驶过的T-14能否延续T-34、T-72等前辈的奇迹,我们将拭目以待。     

WGSN资讯认为长毛绒面料为今冬时尚

做为全球领先的在线时尚预测和潮流趋势分析服务提供商,WGSN这个在时尚行业内赫赫有名的名字,正对中国的服装乃至整个时尚行业潜移默化地发生着作用.近日,WGSN在上海举办了一场专业化的流行趋势发布活动.WGSN创意编辑总监Barbara Kennington向中国时尚业界同行揭开了07秋冬服饰的最新重要资讯,以协助广大中国设计师、制造商、买手、零售商以及其它市场从业者在未来两季中更好地适应和迎合瞬息变幻的市场.     

Encapsulation of food ingredients

Microencapsulation is a relatively new technology that is used for protection, stabilization, and slow release of food ingredients. The encapsulating or wall materials used generally consist of starch, starch derivatives, proteins, gums, lipids, or any combination of them. Methods of encapsulation of food ingredients include spraydrying, freeze‐drying, fluidized bed‐coating, extrusion, cocrystallization, molecular inclusion, and coacervation. This paper reviews techniques for preparation of microencapsulated food ingredients and choices of coating material. Characterization of microcapsules, mechanisms of controlled release, and efficiency of protection/ stabilization of encapsulated food ingredients are also presented.     

Depth of concussion in cattle shot by penetrating captive bolt

The prevalence of shallow depth of concussion following captive bolt shooting was assessed in 1608 cattle at an abattoir. Depth of concussion was determined in each animal from physical collapse, presence or absence of corneal reflex, normal rhythmic breathing, eyeball rotation, and whether the animal was re-shot. The presence of nystagmus and the absence of tongue protrusion were also monitored as potential indicators of a shallow depth of concussion, and simultaneous noise measurements assessed whether loudness of gun discharge was linked to concussion depth. The prevalence of a shallow depth of concussion was 8% for all cattle and 15% for young bulls. Nystagmus was associated with other indicators of a shallow depth of concussion. Absence of tongue protrusion was not associated with depth of concussion, but could serve as a useful indicator of jaw relaxation and insensibility following exsanguination. Soft-sounding shots (111 dB) when using 4.5 gr cartridges were associated with shallow depth of concussion.     

39—THE FLOW OF LIQUID FROM A JET THROUGH A COMPRESSIBLE POROUS LAYER. PART III: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID FLOW THROUGH A COMPRESSIBLE LAYER OF LOOSE WOOL

The effects on the conditions of flow of the surface and configurational properties of the fibres in a compressible porous layer are discussed. The characteristics of a layer of wool are evaluated, and its compressibility is determined. It is shown that, when a liquid of initial uniform pressure flows through a compressible porous medium, the pressure gradient within the medium increases with the distance of flow. The resulting pressure drop is found to depend on a function of the ratio of the downstream to the upstream porosity of the compressible medium. Experimental results are reported for permeable flow through various layers of loose wool; these indicate that, when the flow is disturbed turbulent, the pressure drop through the layers is proportional to the square of the filter velocity. This result is not readily apparent from the graphs of pressure drop against filter velocity because of the compressibility of the fibres.     

Headspace solid‐phase microextraction analysis of artificial flavors

Using a non‐equilibrated solid‐phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique, differentiation between a wide variety of types and examples of artificial flavors has been demonstrated. Addition of an internal standard to the samples, as received, allowed for the calculation of yields on a µg g^?1 basis for the majority of headspace volatiles. The relative standard deviation values expressed as percentages were between 3 and 5%. The precise nature of the approach coupled with the compound identification capacity of the mass spectrometer afforded the capability to easily differentiate between multiple sources of artificial flavors. With a total analysis time of approximately 30 min and the absence of solvent, this approach has the capability of detecting and quantifying the presence of the low‐molecular‐weight solvents often used in the preparation of artificial flavors. Such a capability represents a distinct advantage over more conventional methods of solvent dilution. Results from conventional gas chromatography/mass selective detector analyses are contrasted and compared with the results obtained from the headspace SPME approach. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

21—THE ACETYLATION OF COTTON

An account is given of a study of the effect of the amount of activating agent, the temperature, the catalyst, and the diluents used in the acetylation of cotton with perchloric acid as catalyst. Sulphuric acid was compared with perchloric acid as a catalyst. The effects of traces of water, the amount of acetyl chloride, and the rate of acetylation were studied in the acetylation of cotton with acetyl chloride and pyridine. The conditions in all cases were such that the acetylated cotton retained its fibrous form.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Biodegradation of genetically modified seeds and plant tissues during composting

BACKGROUND: The increasing global market of genetically modified (GM) crops amplifies the potential for unintentional contamination of food and feed with GM plants. Methods proposed for disposal of crop residues should be assessed to prevent unintended distribution of GM materials. Composting of organic material is inexpensive and location‐independent. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of composting for disposal of GM plants in terms of reducing seed viability and promoting the degradation of endogenous as well as transgenic DNA. RESULTS: Duplicate samples of corn kernels, alfalfa leaves, and GM canola seeds, meal and pellets were sealed in porous nylon bags and implanted in duplicate 85 000 kg (initial weight) feedlot manure compost piles. Samples were collected at intervals over 230 days of composing. Canola seeds and corn kernels were not viable after 14 days of composting with temperatures in the piles exceeding 50 °C. In all samples, PCR analyses revealed that plant endogenous and transgenic fragments were substantially degraded after 230 days of composting. Southern blotting of genomic DNA isolated from canola seeds identified differences in the persistence of endogenous, transgenic, and bacterial DNA. CONCLUSION: Composting GM and non‐GM plant materials with manure rendered seeds non‐viable, and resulted in substantial, although not complete, degradation of endogenous and transgenic plant DNA. This study demonstrates that composting could be effective for disposing of GM crops in the event of their inadvertent entry into the food or feed chain. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

The inhibitory effect of some amphoteric surfactants on the irritation potential of alkylsulphates

The physico-chemical and biological properties of an amphoteric/anionic system and its behaviour against a proteinic support have been thoroughly investigated. A considerable inhibition of adsorption of SLS (sodium lauryl sulphate) on human callus caused by the presence of definite amounts of AABet (alkyl-amido-betaines) in the treatment bath is observed. These physico-chemical results are in agreement with those obtained by some in vivo biological tests. A mechanism of the process via the formation of mixed micelles is postulated emphasizing the stability of such systems as a function of pH, the influence of the chain length of the amphoteric surfactant and the molar relative ratio SLS/AABet. Consequently, our work offers the possibility of a wide applicability of the synergic mixtures of both types of surfactants to inhibit considerably skin irritation of cosmetic finished products.