一株强抑菌活性植物乳杆菌的分离及益生性能研究

以健康黔北黑猪肠道黏膜内容物为原料,采用厌氧罐培养法分离出肠道细菌,结合抑菌试验筛选出其中具有强抑菌活性菌种进行分子生物学鉴定,并对其耐受性及抑菌物质的稳定性进行研究。结果表明,该菌株被鉴定为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538、大肠埃希氏菌ATCC25922和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ATCC14028等指示菌具有强抑制作用,其发酵上清液对3种指示菌的最大抑菌圈直径分别约为44.7 mm、23.1 mm和31.8 mm;菌株发酵上清液抑菌物质耐高温,120 ℃处理30 min抑菌活性无显著变化（P＞0.05）;胰蛋白酶处理后,上清液的抑菌圈直径显著减小（P＜0.05）,而过氧化氢酶和胃蛋白酶处理后抑菌圈直径无显著变化（P＞0.05）,表明主要抑菌物质为有机酸和活性肽;菌株经pH 2、0.3%猪胆盐或人工胃肠液处理6 h后存活率分别为0.06%、0.61%、40.80%和25.65%,显示出良好的益生性能。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌LR-ZB1107-01的安全性评价及其益生特性初步研究

从广州1月龄婴儿粪便中分离得一株乳酸菌,经鉴定为鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus ZB1107-01),通过对该菌的溶血性、抗生素敏感性和动物经口急性毒理等安全性评价,并研究标准菌株与其对致病菌抑菌性、胃肠道液耐受性、肠道黏附性、疏水性和自聚力。结果表明:此菌无溶血性;对四环素、红霉素、氨基西林和卡那霉素等4种抗生素表现高敏感;小鼠经口急性毒理无毒,确定该菌株为食用安全菌。该菌可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、单增李斯特菌的生长,抑菌效果与标准菌株ATCC7469相当。对人工模拟的胃肠道液有很好的耐受性,对pH2的人工胃液耐受性略强于标准菌株。黏附Caco-2细胞数与标准菌株相当。疏水性(48.6%)高于标准菌株(27.2%),自聚性与标准菌株相当。研究为鼠李糖乳杆菌LR-ZB1107-01在食品领域进行商业化应用提供理论依据。     

乳源乳杆菌的益生特性及抗氧化活性研究

以5株乳源乳杆菌为研究对象,鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）LGG为阳性对照菌株,通过pH和胆盐耐受性试验、胃肠液耐受性试验、抗生素敏感性试验、抑菌活性试验、黏附Caco-2细胞试验、抗氧化活性试验考察5株菌的益生特性。结果表明,5株乳杆菌对环境胁迫均具有一定的抗逆性;对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和单增李斯特菌具有一定的抑制能力,抑菌圈直径均分别＞10 mm、＞20 mm、＞13 mm;其中鼠李糖乳杆菌260益生特性较优,黏附能力较强,黏附率为4.16%,DPPH自由基清除能力56.36%、羟自由基的清除能力23.09%、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）为5.26 μmol/mL,具有潜在的应用价值。     

抑制阴道加德纳菌乳酸菌的筛选及安全性研究

为筛选具有较强抑制阴道加德纳菌(Gardnerella vaginalis)特性的乳酸菌菌株，该研究通过双层琼脂扩散法测定菌株抑制阴道加德纳菌的能力，从筛菌样品中筛选能力较强的乳酸菌，通过溶血性试验、动物致病性试验评价其安全性，并进行了耐酸耐胆盐能力试验。结果表明，筛选菌株中罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus reuteri)HCS02-001抑菌能力最强，发酵上清液抑菌圈直径为18.23 mm，发酵上清液经过3倍浓缩后抑菌圈直径可达21.58 mm。菌株HCS02-001无溶血性，无致病性，在pH 2.0条件下培养17 h活菌数对数值为7.97，存活率为85.52%，在1.5%胆盐条件下培养17 h活菌数对数值为8.48，存活率为90.99%。结果显示罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌HCS02-001具有较强的抑制阴道加德纳菌特性，初步判定其具备安全性。     

产Reuterin罗伊氏乳杆菌的定向筛选及其生物学特性

依据菌株宿主适应性特点，从健康家禽新鲜粪便中定向筛选具有开发潜力的罗伊氏乳杆菌。经16S rDNA序列分析和pduC基因筛查，获得3 株产抗菌物质Reuterin的罗伊氏乳杆菌，对其耐受模拟胃肠道环境、抗生素敏感性、甘油发酵上清液抑菌活性及肠上皮细胞黏附能力等生物学特性进行系统评价。结果表明，罗伊氏乳杆菌WLRE01、WLRE03、WLRE04均具有较强耐受极端酸（pH 2.5和pH 3.5）、胆盐（1.5 g/L）及模拟胃肠液的能力；经1 mmol/L过氧化氢处理6 h，WLRE03、WLRE04的活菌数能基本维持初始浓度；甘油发酵上清液对金黄色葡萄球菌具有极强的抑制作用，抑菌圈最高达（28.1±1.2）mm；3 株菌对HT-29细胞均具有良好的黏附特性，其中WLRE01黏附能力最强。综上所述，健康家禽肠道源的3 株产Reuterin的罗伊氏乳杆菌可作为益生菌候选菌株进行深入研究。     

东北酸菜优良乳酸菌筛选及其抑菌特性研究

该实验从东北酸菜中分离纯化并鉴定出40种乳酸菌,主要为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）、融合魏斯氏菌（Weissella confuse）、副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）、干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）、食窦魏斯氏菌（Weissella cibaria）。通过测定乳酸菌乳酸产量及其抑制大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）的能力,探究乳酸菌的产酸量与其抑菌作用之间相互关系。结果表明,菌株C1、E8、A5产酸能力较强,发酵12 h后发酵上清液中乳酸质量浓度＞12 g/L,抑菌圈直径＞12 mm,对大肠杆菌抑制能力强。表明东北酸菜中乳酸菌的产酸量与抑菌作用存在紧密的联系。     

人母乳源乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定及益生活性的初步研究

本研究从人母乳中分离乳酸菌。采用透明圈法从产后10~30 d的人母乳样品中筛选到一株产酸能力较强的乳酸菌。对筛选菌株进行形态学观察、生理生化实验及16S r DNA序列鉴定。结果发现,该菌株为革兰氏阳性,短杆状,无芽孢;生理生化特性符合鼠李糖乳杆菌的基本特征;16S r DNA序列及进化树分析进一步确认该菌株为鼠李糖乳杆菌,命名为鼠李糖乳杆菌Z5。在p H3.0的条件下模拟人工胃肠液共消化6 h后该菌存活率仍达90%以上,在0.15 g/L胆盐质量浓度培养6 h,菌株存活率为76.14%;抑菌实验发现,菌株培养液对沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌的生长有明显的抑制作用,抑菌圈直径达20 mm以上。细胞黏附实验发现,该菌株可有效黏附到Caco-2细胞表面,对Caco-2细胞的平均黏附数为7.54×105cfu/m L。从人母乳中获得了这株具有潜在益生性质的鼠李糖乳杆菌,为明确母乳中益生菌的功效及开发新型益生菌产品研究提供了良好的实验材料。     

红薯淀粉废水中乳酸菌的筛选及其对食源性致病菌的抑制作用

从采集的红薯淀粉废水中分离出3株乳酸菌SPDJ3、SPEJ7 和SPEJ9。通过培养特征、形态特征,生理生化特征及基于16S rDNA序列的系统发育分析的检测,菌株SPDJ3和SPEJ7被鉴定为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）,菌株SPEJ9被鉴定为副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）。3株乳酸菌发酵上清液对供试8株食源性致病菌均有抑菌作用,菌株SPDJ3对福氏志贺氏菌（Shigella flexneri）抑制效果较强,抑菌圈直径为（30.37±0.15） mm,菌株SPEJ7和SPEJ9对蜡样芽胞杆菌（Bacillus cereus）抑制效果较强,抑菌圈直径分别为（29.43±0.21） mm和（28.27±0.25） mm。     

西藏牦牛粪和乳源中益生菌的筛选与鉴定

采用钙透明圈法从西藏地区牦牛粪和乳源中分离、筛选益生菌，通过形态观察及分子生物学技术进行菌种鉴定，并对其生长特性、产酸能力、耐胆盐、酸、人工胃液能力及抑制大肠杆菌能力进行分析。结果表明，共分离、筛选出25株乳酸菌，经鉴定7株为益生菌，分别为1株植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum），2株鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）和4株副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracaseium）。其中植物乳杆菌B2具有良好的生长优势、产酸能力（发酵终pH值在4左右）、耐酸（pH值为4）、耐胆盐（0.6%）、耐人工胃液能力（存活率为57.4%），且抑制大肠杆菌效果较好（抑菌圈直径为22.0 mm）。     

发酵型核桃乳生产专用乳杆菌的选育

从发酵面包、白芥丝、泡菜、酸菜中分离到14株乳杆菌,经核桃乳发酵产酸特性初筛,确定菌株L5、L7、L8及L12适合核桃乳发酵。通过菌落形态、菌体形态和16S rRNA基因序列分析,确定4株菌分别为鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）、副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）、食窦魏斯氏菌（Weissella cibaria）干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）。将上述菌株与实验室保存的嗜热链球菌SA进行核桃乳发酵实验,感官评分分别为78分、95分、83分和82分;4个发酵核桃乳中9种氨基酸含量均有不同程度提高,其中菌株L7发酵产品的氨基酸含量增幅最大,由0.67%增至1.60%。因此副干酪乳杆菌L7更适合发酵型核桃乳的生产。     

Lactobacillus Gasseri LGZ 1029 in yogurt: rheological behaviour and volatile compound composition

Yogurt preserves and enhances nutritional value of milk. In this study, we have compared several strains to determine the physicochemical, sensory, rheological and aroma characteristics of different yogurts. We used Lactobacillus gasseri LGZ 1029 (LG), commercial probiotic L. rhamnosus (LGG) and traditional fermentation strains Streptococcus thermophilus and L. bulgaricus (SL). Results showed that the flavour and texture characteristics of mixed-strain yogurts were obviously better than in single-strain yogurts. Addition of LG increased pseudoplastic behaviour, as shown by Herschel–Bulkley model analysis of rheological behaviour. The LG + SL group also had both the highest viscosity consistency index and thickening ability. In addition, a total of 57 volatile compounds were detected in yogurts and the fermentation with the addition of LG was mainly affected by ketones. Our study suggested that a yogurt with new attributes can be produced by using LGZ 1029.     

The influence of probiotic bacteria on the properties of Iranian white cheese

The viability of Bifidobacterium animalis (ATCC 25527) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469), study of interaction between probiotic and starter and their effect on the properties of Iranian white cheese were investigated during 60 days of ripening. The results indicated that probiotics did not exert any effect on the growth of commercial starters, but starters showed a synergistic effect on the growth of probiotics, and probiotics survived above the recommended level for the therapeutic minimum (10⁶–10⁷ cfu/g) after 60 days. Addition of probiotic adjunct did not alter the chemical composition except for moisture and protein. Also, the highest pH value was in probiotic cheeses without starter.     

Fed‐batch l‐(+)‐lactic acid fermentation of brewer's spent grain hydrolysate

Brewer's spent grain (BSG) hydrolysates were used for l ‐(+)‐lactic acid (LA) fermentation by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469. The aim of this study was to evaluate fed‐batch LA fermentation of BSG hydrolysate with the addition of glucose, glucose and yeast extract, and wort during LA fermentation and its effect on fermentation parameters such as LA concentration, its volumetric productivity and yield, and L. rhamnosus cell viability. The highest LA yield, volumetric productivity and concentration of 93.3%, 2.0 g/L/h, and 116.1 g/L, respectively, were achieved with glucose and yeast extract addition during fermentation. In fed‐batch fermentation with glucose and yeast extract addition significantly higher LA concentration, yield and volumetric productivity (by 194.8; 2.2, and 20.7%, respectively) were achieved compared with batch fermentation. The results indicated that fed‐batch fermentation could be used to increase LA fermentation efficiency. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

Lactic acid fermentation of brewer's spent grain hydrolysate by Lactobacillus rhamnosus with yeast extract addition and pH control

Lactic acid (LA) is a versatile chemical with a wide range of applications in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile and polymer industries. Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the most abundant brewing by‐product. In this study BSG hydrolysates were used for LA fermentation by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pH control during fermentation, reducing sugar content and yeast extract content in BSG hydrolysate on LA fermentation parameters. The pH control greatly increased reducing sugar utilization, l ‐(+)‐LA content, yield and volumetric productivity. The highest l ‐(+)‐LA yield and volumetric productivity were achieved with the reducing sugar content of 54 g/L. Yeast extract addition significantly increased reducing sugar utilization, l ‐(+)‐LA content, L. rhamnosus cell viability, l ‐(+)‐LA yield and volumetric productivity. The highest l ‐(+)‐LA content (39.38 g/L), L. rhamnosus cell viability (9.67 log CFU/mL), l ‐(+)‐LA yield (91.29%) and volumetric productivity (1.69 g/L/h) were achieved with the reducing sugar content of 54 g/L and yeast extract content of 50 g/L. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

Use of spent brewer's yeast in L‐(+) lactic acid fermentation

The application of by‐products from the brewing industry in lactic acid (LA) production was investigated in order to replace expensive nitrogen sources (such as yeast extract) with cheaper and renewable nitrogenous materials such as brewer's yeast (BY). In this study, brewer's spent grain (BSG) hydrolysate was used for L‐(+)‐LA fermentation by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469. The effect of pH control during the fermentation and the addition of various BY contents (5–50 g/L) in BSG hydrolysate on fermentation parameters was evaluated. BY addition significantly increased free amino nitrogen (FAN) concentration (by 25.2% at 5 g/L to 616% at 50 g/L). A strong positive correlation between FAN concentration in the hydrolysate and concentration of L‐(+)‐LA produced was observed (correlation coefficient of 0.913). A high cell viability of L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 (1.95–3.32 × 10⁹ CFU/mL at the end of fermentation) was achieved in all fermentations with the addition of brewer's yeast. The addition of BY increased L‐(+)‐lactic acid yield and volumetric productivity up to 8.4% (5 g/L) and 48.3% (50 g/L). The highest L‐(+)‐LA yield (89%) and volumetric productivity (0.89 g/L h^?1) were achieved in fermentation of BSG hydrolysate with 50 g/L of BY. © 2019 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

婴儿肠道菌群中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其多样性分析

结合传统培养方法与基于PacBio Sequel平台的单分子实时(Single-molecule real-time,SMRT)三代测序技术,对中国婴儿肠道菌群中的乳酸菌进行分离鉴定并分析其多样性,同时探究抗生素治疗对婴儿肠道乳酸菌多样性的影响。采用稀释涂布法培养分离粪便样品菌落,运用生理生化试验及16S rDNA序列比对鉴定菌株,并分析不同菌株间的系统发育关系。同时提取整体粪便样品的基因组DNA进行16S rDNA全长SMRT测序,利用QIIME、Mothur等生物信息学分析软件进行细菌群落结构和多样性分析。结果表明:中国婴儿肠道菌群中乳酸菌丰度及多样性普遍较低,传统培养方法分离出7种共32株乳酸菌,经鉴定为Lactobacillus rhamnosus、Enterococcus faecalis、L. gasseri、L. plantarum、L. casei、Pediococcus pentosaceus与Bifidobacterium longum;SMRT测序技术共获得11种乳酸菌,分别为L. rhamnosus、E. faecalis、L. gasseri、L. casei、P. pentosaceus、L. paracasei、L. salivarius、L. paraplantarum、L. porcinae、B. pseudocatenulatum、B. longum。其中,抗生素组仅分离检测到2种乳酸菌,分别为L. porcinae和E. faecalis。传统培养方法与SMRT测序技术对婴儿肠道菌群中乳酸菌多样性的分析存在差异,且抗生素的使用会降低婴儿肠道菌群中乳酸菌的多样性。     

健康婴儿粪便样本中加氏乳杆菌的分离鉴定及安全性评价

目的:本研究从125例健康婴儿粪便样本中分离鉴定出加氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus gasseri)并对其安全性和抑菌性能进行评价。方法:本研究以1月龄健康婴儿粪便样本为对象,经过MRS培养基分离纯化、革兰氏染色、生化鉴定和16S rRNA测序技术进行菌种鉴定;随后,对分离得到的加氏乳杆菌利用血琼脂平板进行溶血性评价;利用微量肉汤稀释法对常见抗生素的药物敏性进行测定,并对加氏乳杆菌的安全性进行评价;最后,采用牛津杯法检测对大肠杆菌ATCC 25922和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923的抑制作用。结果:从125例健康婴儿粪便样本中成功分离并鉴定出15株加氏乳杆菌。溶血性检测结果显示,14株均无溶血性;待测菌株对四环素、万古霉素、利奈唑胺、利福平敏感性较高,对亚胺培南完全敏感,对甲氧苄啶完全耐药;抑菌实验结果显示,有6株菌同时对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑菌效果。结论:本研究从健康婴儿粪便样本中成功分离筛选出3株安全性较高且对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌同时具有一定抑制作用的加氏乳杆菌,编号分别为:LGI 6-1、LGI 6-2、LGI 6-3,作为潜在的益生菌资源,为后续深入探究加...     

Characterization of a Panela cheese with added probiotics and fava bean starch

Of 20 Lactobacillus and 8 Bifidobacterium species examined, only Bifidobacterium breve ATCC 15700 was able to ferment starch from fava beans. Bifidobacterium breve ATCC 15700 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 were selected as probiotics for use in fresh-style Panela cheese. Two types of fresh cheese (with and without 3% fava bean starch) were manufactured with 3 combinations of probiotics: L. rhamnosus GG only, B. breve only, or both L. rhamnosus GG and B. breve. During 4 wk of storage at 4°C, the addition of fava bean starch to the cheese was not found to cause significant differences in the viability of either probiotic strain. However, the microstructure and texture of Panela cheese were altered, resulting in a much softer product. A sensory panel showed that the presence of added fava bean starch in Panela cheese was less desirable to consumers, whereas probiotic supplementation had no effect on perceived taste or appearance. Panela cheese could be a suitable food for inclusion of probiotic bacteria.     

Growth of probiotic bacteria and bifidobacteria in a soy yogurt formulation

Soy beverage and cows' milk yogurts were produced with Steptococcus thermophilus (ATCC 4356) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (IM 025). The drop in pH during fermentation was faster in the soy beverage than in cows' milk, but the final pH values were similar. Yogurts were prepared with a yogurt starter in conjunction with either the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533 (La-1), Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 (GG) or human derived bifidobacteria. The presence of the probiotic bacteria did not affect the growth of the yogurt strains. Approximately 2 log increases in both L. rhamnosus GG and L. johnsonii La-1 were observed when each was added with the yogurt strains in both cows' milk and the soy beverage. Two of the five bifidobacteria strains grew well in the cows' milk and soy beverage during fermentation with the yogurt bacteria. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses showed that the probiotic bacteria and the bifidobacteria were using different sugars to support their growth, depending on whether the bacteria were growing in cows' milk or soy beverage.