油茶籽油不同形态酚类化合物对油脂氧化稳定性的影响北大核心CSCD

为阐明酚类化合物的抗氧化机理及利用其协同增效作用延缓油脂氧化,对油茶籽油中游离酚(free phenolics,FP)、酯化酚(esterified phenolics,EP)及不溶性结合酚(insoluble-bound phenolics,ISP)的提取工艺进行优化,并采用Schaal烘箱法研究不同形态酚类化合物单独或复配作用对油茶籽油氧化稳定性的影响,分析不同形态酚类化合物的互作关系。结果表明:FP的最优提取工艺条件为料液比1∶15、提取温度45℃、提取时间1.5 h、提取次数3次,EP的最优提取工艺条件为碱解液与乙酸乙酯体积比1∶1、萃取次数3次,ISP的最优提取工艺条件为NaOH浓度0.25 mol/L、料液比1∶3、碱解时间6 h、碱解温度45℃。在最优条件下,油茶籽油中FP、EP及ISP含量分别为(43.43±2.05)mg/kg、(28.67±1.51)mg/kg及(65.87±1.34)mg/kg。不同形态酚类化合物均具有抑制氧化产物生成,增强油脂氧化稳定性的作用,其中EP+ISP的抗氧化性最强。各互作组分在油脂中均呈一定的拮抗作用,其中FP+EP+ISP的拮抗作用最强。     

不同粒径苦荞粉多酚物质分布及其抗氧化性研究

为了研究苦荞种子磨粉后各部分抗氧化物质分布及其活性,将苦荞种子粉碎后依次过40、60、80目筛,得到4种粒径苦荞粉,分别提取各部分苦荞粉中自由酚和结合酚,测定提取物中多酚及黄酮含量,并考查对DPPH.和ABTS˙＋自由基的清除能力。结果表明：60～80目部分总酚含量最高（3 410.21mg GA eq/100g DW）,对DPPH.和ABTS˙＋自由基的清除能力也最高;相关性分析表明,苦荞的总酚含量与对DPPH.自由基的清除能力（R2=0.8514）和ABTS˙＋自由基的清除能力（R2=0.9793）均呈线性相关。     

海蒿子多酚组分的化学成分、抗氧化和降血糖活性分析

以海蒿子为研究对象，首先从中提取游离酚(free phenolics,FP)、酯(esterified-bound phenolics,EP)和糖苷结合酚(glycoside-bound phenolics,GP)3种不同存在形式的可溶性多酚，并采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法分析各多酚组分的化学成分；其次，评价各多酚组分的体外抗氧化活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。结果发现海蒿子中可溶性多酚以结合态为主，GP的总酚含量(68.30 mg/g)最高，EP的总黄酮含量(83.49 mg/g)最高。从3个多酚组分中共鉴定出22个化合物，其中包括3种酚类化合物、4种黄酮和2种酚酸。生物活性研究表明：GP的细胞抗氧化活性(细胞抗氧化值为18.18μmol/g)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(IC₅₀=84.6μg/mL)和2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基(IC₅₀=127.01μg/mL)清除能力最强。EP的氧自由基吸收能力(5 322.85μmol/g)和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性(IC₅₀     

不同品种苹果籽总酚含量与抗氧化相关性研究

为探讨苹果籽总酚含量与抗氧化相关性及其抗氧化的物质基础,以7 个品种苹果籽为材料,采用 Folin-Ciocalteu法测定总酚含量,FRAP法、ABTS＋·法、O2－·清除法、·OH清除法和DPPH自由基清除法评价抗氧化活性,高效液相色谱法进行多酚成分分析。结果表明：7 个品种苹果籽总酚含量范围为5.74～17.44 mg GAE/g（以干质量计）,抗氧化性优于茶多酚、VC和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚（2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,BHT）,蜜脆苹果籽具有最高的总酚含量和最好的抗氧化能力。除DPPH自由基清除法外,多酚含量与其他4 种方法测得的抗氧化数据具有显著正相关（r=0.771～0.984）。根皮苷为苹果籽多酚抗氧化的主要成分。     

4 个葡萄品种葡萄籽冷榨油的性质与体外抗氧化活性

目的：评价4 种葡萄籽冷榨油脂肪酸组成、总酚含量及体外抗氧化活性。方法：收集单品种葡萄籽榨油,气相色谱法测定脂肪酸组成,Folin-酚法测定总酚含量,用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl,DPPH）法、2,2’-联氮双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑林-6-磺酸）二胺盐（2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothi azoline-6-sulfonic acid)ammonium salt,ABTS）法、Fenton反应和总抗氧化能力法分析其体外抗氧化能力。结果：4 个品种葡萄籽冷榨油均富含亚油酸（72.77%～77.36%）,不饱和脂肪酸含量为88.12%～91.06%;总酚含量为60.77～100.53 μg GAE/g,爱格丽葡萄籽冷榨油总酚含量最高,其次是北冰红、媚丽、赤霞珠葡萄籽冷榨油;4 个品种的葡萄籽冷榨油都有良好的清除DPPH自由基和ABTS＋·的能力,且随着葡萄籽冷榨油浓度的增大,清除能力增强,清除DPPH自由基的IC50变化范围为10.19～13.82 mg/mL,清除ABTS＋·的IC50变化范围为11.62～19.25 mg/mL;清除羟自由基（·OH）的能力范围为13.18～27.08 U/mL;总抗氧化能力范围为1.08～3.68 U/mL。4 个品种的葡萄籽冷榨油的体外抗氧化能力强弱顺序为爱格丽＞北冰红＞媚丽＞赤霞珠。     

发酵对几种谷物提取物总酚及抗氧化活性的影响

目的：研究发酵对谷物提取物抗氧化活性的影响。方法：采用德氏乳杆菌和啤酒酵母菌分别对小米、燕麦、黑米、高粱米4 种谷物进行发酵,福林-酚法测定未发酵及发酵后谷物乙醇提取物总酚含量、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-（2,4,6-trinitrophenyl）hydrazyl,DPPH）法测定清除自由基能力、铁还原抗氧化能力（ferric reducing-antioxidant power,FRAP）法测定还原能力、硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbituric acid,TBA）法测定脂质过氧化抑制能力。结果：4 种谷物提取物具有显著的清除自由基能力、铁离子还原能力、抑制脂质过氧化能力和较高的总酚含量;经两种微生物发酵后谷物提取物总酚含量增加,具有更高抗氧化活性;其中德氏乳杆菌发酵对总酚含量及抗氧化能力影响均显著（P＜0.05）;啤酒酵母发酵对总酚含量影响显著（P＜0.05）,但对抗氧化能力影响不显著（P＞0.05）。结论：微生物发酵可提高谷物的总酚含量及抗氧化活性,但提高的程度与发酵采用的微生物种类有关。     

羊肚菌固态发酵青稞的营养、活性成分及抗氧化特性变化研究

以青稞为原料,利用羊肚菌菌丝体固态发酵青稞,研究发酵过程中营养成分（总淀粉、可溶性蛋白、生物量、β-葡聚糖）、活性成分（总三萜、γ-氨基丁酸、多酚、多糖）及抗氧化特性（ABTS+自由基清除力、DPPH自由基清除力、超氧阴离子自由基清除力、总抗氧化能力）的变化。结果表明：发酵后青稞的主要营养及活性成分均发生了显著变化。随着发酵时间延长,生物量、可溶性蛋白、总三萜及总酚含量上升,γ-氨基丁酸、多糖含量先上升后下降,总淀粉、β-葡聚糖含量下降。此外,羊肚菌固态发酵青稞使其游离态提取物的抗氧化能力升高;结合态提取物的ABTS+自由基清除能力升高,超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和DPPH自由基清除能力保持稳定。相关性分析表明,羊肚菌发酵过程中青稞总淀粉、β-葡聚糖、可溶性蛋白、总三萜、γ-氨基丁酸、生物量和游离酚含量可以作为评估酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的指标,羊肚菌固态发酵青稞后,青稞营养、活性成分及抗氧化能力得到提升。     

20种花茶黄酮、总酚及抗氧化活性分析

为评价20种市售花茶的黄酮、总酚含量及抗氧化活性,该研究模拟日常饮茶,采用水提法对活性成分进行提取,测定黄酮、总酚含量,通过测定羟基自由基（·OH）、DPPH自由基和ABTS＋自由基的清除作用研究不同花茶的抗氧化能力,利用相关系数法分析黄酮、总酚与抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明：20种花茶黄酮含量为0.15 mg/g～5.35 mg/g,总酚含量为4.57 mg/g～31.02 mg/g,不同花茶之间黄酮和总酚含量差异显著（P＜0.05）。其中蒲公英的黄酮和总酚含量最高,千日红最低。综合评价20种花茶的抗氧化能力,排在前5位的依次为蒲公英、苦丁、薄荷花茶、荷叶和牡丹花茶。抗氧化综合评价值和总酚、黄酮的相关系数分别为0.956和0.798,表明总酚含量和花茶的抗氧化能力相关性更强,总酚对花茶的抗氧化性有较多贡献。     

不同豇豆中酚类含量与抗氧化活性

为深入了解豇豆的营养价值,以11个不同品种的豇豆样品为原料,对其总酚含量、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性(总还原能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力、·OH清除能力)进行分析,并讨论酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明,不同品种的豇豆酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性差异显著。在测定的样品中,新杂1号表现出最高的总酚含量(5.59 mg GAE/g)、总黄酮含量(4.12 mg CAE/g)及抗氧化活性(总还原能力和DPPH自由基清除能力);豇豆中总酚含量、总黄酮含量与总还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力之间有极显著相关性(P0.01),与·OH清除能力之间没有显著相关性。     

4种植物提取物的体外抗氧化活性比较

为探究和比较分心木、赶黄草、青蒿和代代花4种植物的抗氧化活性,以4种植物的提取物为试验材料,采用福林酚法和三氯化铝比色法测定总黄酮和总酚含量。以DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS+自由基清除率和总抗氧化能力为指标,进行抗氧化活性评价。研究结果表明,4种植物提取物的总黄酮和总酚的含量、抗氧化活性差异显著。其中,分心木提取物的总黄酮含量最高,可达（21.87±0.55）mg RT/g,且DPPH自由基清除能力、总抗氧化能力最强;赶黄草提取物的总酚含量最高,可达（14.78±0.95）mg GAE/g,且ABTS+自由基清除能力最强。4种植物提取物均具有一定程度的抗氧化能力,赶黄草和分心木提取物的抗氧化活性明显高于青蒿和代代花提取物,抗氧化能力与其总黄酮含量呈正相关。     

Phenolic acid composition and antioxidant capacity of acid and alkali hydrolysed wheat bran fractions

Phenolic acid concentrations, profiles and antioxidant capacity of acid and alkali hydrolysates from the bran of six wheat cultivars representing six Canadian market classes were determined. Aqueous ethanol was used to extract the free phenolics (FP) and diethyl ether to extract the insoluble bound phenolics released after acid and alkaline hydrolysis of the bran. Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) reagent was used to estimate the total phenolic content and HPLC-UV to detect and quantitate 14 phenolic acids and one lignan. trans-Ferulic acid was the dominant acid in the bran extracts but mass spectrometric analysis showed tryptophan to be dominant in the FP extracts. The antioxidant capacity of individual phenolic acids and extracts was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) equivalent antioxidant assays. The FP extracts had the lowest average antioxidant capacity and the hydrolysates the highest. Based on the concentration of each phenolic acid in the extracts, and the antioxidant capability of each phenolic standard, trans-ferulic acid was the dominant contributor (66.4–95.5%) to antioxidant capacity of the wheat bran extract.     

外源γ-氨基丁酸对发芽大豆酚类物质富集及抗氧化能力的影响

种子萌发过程中γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA）和酚类物质均得到富集,GABA可能在酚类物质富集中起调控作用。因此,本实验采用水培法,通过对大豆外源添加0、2.5、5、10 mmol/L和20 mmol/L的GABA,测定发芽大豆的生长指标、总酚含量、酚酸含量及抗氧化能力,以研究GABA对发芽大豆酚类物质富集及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明：2.5、5 mmol/L外源GABA能显著提高发芽大豆的芽长和鲜质量（P＜0.05）,促进发芽大豆的生长。随着GABA浓度升高,发芽大豆的总酚和游离酚酸含量逐渐增加。当GABA浓度为20 mmol/L时,总酚含量为对照的1.39 倍。而结合酚酸含量呈现增加后降低的趋势,当GABA浓度为2.5 mmol/L时最高。说明随着GABA浓度的升高,结合酚酸逐渐释放,并向游离形态转化。此外,GABA处理还能够提高发芽大豆的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基清除能力和苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活力。综上,外源GABA能显著促进发芽大豆生长、调节苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性和诱导酚类物质累积,同时增强抗氧化酶活力和体外自由基清除能力。研究结果可为开发富含酚类物质的发芽大豆提供信号分子理论参考。     

Antioxidant capacity,total phenolic and ascorbate content as a function of the genetic diversity of leek (Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum)

Extracts of the white shaft and green leaves of 30 leek cultivars were investigated for their antioxidant properties, total phenolic (TP) and l-ascorbic acid (AA) content. The measured antioxidant properties included free radical scavenging activities against peroxyl (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) and their Fe³⁺ reducing capacity (FRAP). The results from this study suggest that the green leek leaves generally have significantly stronger antioxidant properties than the white shaft. Correlation analysis between the TP and the AA content and the antioxidant activity showed that phenolics and ascorbic acid contribute significantly to the antioxidant activity of leek. The three antioxidant activity assays were all correlated for the extracts of the white shaft of the 30 leek cultivars. Principal component analysis (PCA) elucidated the influence of part and type of cultivar on the antioxidant capacity, TP, and l-ascorbic acid content, whilst the breeding strategy and seed company had no influence.     

核桃仁发育过程中不同形态酚及其抗氧化活性的动态变化

阐明发育期核桃仁中3种不同形态酚（游离、酯化和结合）及其单体酚组成的变化,探究酚类成分与抗氧化能力的关系,为深入了解核桃功能性成分形成规律和深化功能性产品开发提供参考。以核桃品种‘寒丰’为对象,运用UPLC-MS/MS测定3种形态酚组成,分光光度计法测定核桃的羟自由基清除能力,皮尔逊相关分析用于研究酚类物质与羟自由基清除能力的相关性关系。在核桃仁发育过程中,酚形态中以游离态为主且占比大于58%;3种形态总酚含量最高值均出现在采前63 d,分别为10.47 mg/g（游离态）、2.76 mg/g（酯化态）、1.28 mg/g（结合态）;鞣花酸、咖啡酸、绿原酸等单体酚的3种形态含量随着核桃仁发育显著降低58.03%-88.83%;单体酚含量与抗氧化活性呈现显著相关性,相关系数为0.63-0.97。核桃仁3种形态总酚含量和抗氧化活性最大值均出现在未成熟早期,游离态是核桃仁中提供抗氧化活性的酚类物质主要形态,并且核桃仁发育过程中单体酚的抗氧化能力与成熟度、酚形态有关。这些发现将对核桃的适时采摘和营养管理以及核桃仁深度开发利用、产业提质增效等提供重要的基础数据和理论参考。     

Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Monovarietal Virgin Olive Oils: Relationship Between Phenolic Compounds-Antioxidant Capacities

The characterization of bioactive components of virgin olive oil from nine varieties (Cuquillo, Empeltre, Manzanilla, Cornicabra, Picual, Arbequina, Lechin, Picudo, and Hojiblanca) has been carried out. Carotenoids, chlorophylls, α-tocopherol, fatty acids, total phenols, and individual phenols were determined. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiaziline-6-sulfonate) radical scavenging capacity assay, ferric reducing antioxidant potential assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay. Twelve phenolic compounds were detected and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. Dialdehydic form of elenolic acid linked to tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and ligstroside aglycones were the major components in all the samples. Principal component analysis confirmed that Manzanilla, Lechin, Cuquillo, and Hojiblanca var. were the most similar. Furthermore, these results showed that the antioxidant capacity measured by different assays was highly influenced by the phenolic content, especially the dialdehydic form of elenolic acid linked to tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol.     

CO2脱涩对柿果理化特性、酚类成分及抗氧化能力的影响

对柿果进行不同时间（0、12、20、28、36、44 h）的CO2脱涩处理,测定CO2脱涩柿果的基本理化指标、糖类相关指标、总酚含量、黄酮含量、可溶性单宁含量及抗氧化能力,探究CO2脱涩过程中柿果理化特性、酚类成分含量及抗氧化能力的变化。结果表明：脱涩时间对柿果的硬度、水分含量、水分活度、pH值、糖类成分含量均无明显影响,但是随脱涩时间的延长,柿果可溶性固形物和总酚含量明显下降。进一步采用梯度超滤法按重均分子质量（MW）将酚类物质分离为高分子质量（MW＞10 kDa）酚类、中分子质量（10 kDa＞MW＞3 kDa）酚类和低分子质量（MW＜3 kDa）酚类。其中,高分子质量酚类含量随脱涩时间的延长显著下降（P＜0.05）;中分子质量酚类物质未检出;而低分子质量酚类含量在脱涩过程中无显著变化（P＞0.05）。脱涩后柿果的2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基清除能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力及铁离子还原能力比脱涩前分别下降95%、96%、96%。结论：柿果中的酚类物质主要由高分子质量单宁和低分子质量多酚组成,其中单宁是柿果抗氧化作用的主要贡献物质,但其在脱涩过程中损失较多。     

Fatty Acid Content and Antioxidant Properties of Cold-pressed Black Raspberry Seed Oil and Meal

ABSTRACT: Cold-pressed black raspberry seed oil and meal were analyzed for their fatty acid contents and antioxidant properties. The oil contained about 35%α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) and 55% to 58% linoleic acid. The meal exhibited strong free radical scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS'+) radicals and had a total phenolic content (TPC) of 46 mg gallic acid equivalent/g meal. The ABTS+ scavenging capacity and TPC of the meal were 300 and 290 times greater than that of the oil. In addition, the oil stability iodine value, and color were examined. The results from this study suggest the possible food application of black raspberry seed and its fractions in improving human nutrition and potential value-adding opportunities in black raspberry production and processing.     

Distribution of free,esterified, and insoluble bound forms of phenolics in tea seeds and their antioxidant activity

In this study, phenolic compounds in their phenolic extract (PE), free phenolic (FP), esterified phenolic (EFP), and insoluble bound phenolic (ISBP) forms were extracted from tea seeds and quantified using HPLC to obtain information on the phenolics that are present in tea seeds along with their antioxidant activities. The total phenolic content of the ISBP fraction was higher than that of the FP and EFP fractions. The phenolic acids in tea seeds exist either in esterified or glycosided forms. Moreover, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives have been identified as important phenolic acid components in tea seeds. The ISBP fraction was an effective antioxidant based on the results obtained from the in vitro assays performed, which include the DPPH and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-derived nitrogen-centered radical scavenging activities, Fe³⁺-2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine reducing ability, as well as Cu²⁺ and Fe²⁺ ion chelating effects.     

中早熟苹果品种的贮藏品质和酚类物质差异分析

中早熟苹果品种可以丰富水果市场,是苹果产业重要的组成部分,研究其贮藏特性及品质差异意义重大。本实验以‘鲁丽’‘鲁艳’两个苹果新品种为研究对象,以其亲本‘嘎啦’为参照,探究3种苹果的贮藏品质和酚类物质差异。结果表明：相比于‘嘎啦’苹果,‘鲁丽’苹果可溶性固形物质量分数最高,果皮a*值最大,外观品质最佳、适于鲜食,而‘鲁艳’苹果总酸度高、固酸比低,贮藏期间乙烯释放量高,不耐贮藏。与‘嘎啦’和‘鲁艳’苹果相比,‘鲁丽’苹果有着最高的总酚、总黄酮含量和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率,抗氧化能力最强。3种苹果主要的酚类物质也因品种、成熟度和果实部位存在差异,‘嘎啦’和‘鲁丽’苹果果肉均以绿原酸含量最高,而‘鲁艳’苹果表儿茶素含量最高,果皮酚类物质含量高于果肉。相关性和主成分分析表明果实硬度与a*值有高度显著负相关性（P<0.001）,可溶性固形物质量分数与总酚、总黄酮、绿原酸含量和DPPH自由基清除率存在高度显著正相关（P<0.001）,主成分1主要由总酚、总黄酮、绿原酸、表儿茶素含量等指标决定,成熟...     

Heat stress reduces the accumulation of rosmarinic acid and the total antioxidant capacity in spearmint (Mentha spicata L)

Selected high‐phenolic lines of spearmint were subjected to a constant 30 °C heat regimen for a period of 4 weeks to determine the effects of heat stress on soluble phenolics, phenols and rosmarinic acid biosynthesis and antioxidant capacity. Heat stress significantly reduced levels of total phenolic acids (71–87%) and soluble phenols (75–87%). This loss was concomitant with a loss of total antioxidant capacity of 21–60% after week 1 and up to 95% by week 4. High‐performance liquid chromatography profiling of heat‐stressed plants at 270 and 320 nm detected nearly a complete loss of rosmarinic acid in all seven chemotypes. High‐temperature drying of non‐heat‐stressed plants at 80 °C resulted in a similar loss of total antioxidant capacity and rosmarinic acid content an effect not observed in material that was subjected to low‐temperature drying first, followed by exposure to high temperature. This suggests that heat stress negatively regulates rosmarinic acid biosynthesis and causes a potential rapid biological breakdown of rosmarinic acid in tissues. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical assays of heat‐stressed and non‐stressed plants clearly show that rosmarinic acid is the major contributor to the antioxidant capacity in spearmint. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry