小米米糠蛋白水解物及其膜分离组分的降血压相关活性研究

植物源蛋白肽具有较好的抗氧化和降血压活性,研究采用蛋白酶Alcalase水解小米米糠分离蛋白(MBPI)获得小米米糠蛋白水解物(MBPH),经膜分离技术得到成4种不同分子质量大小的多肽组分。通过氧自由基吸附能力(ORAC)、血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制活性、肾素(renin)抑制活性和体内降血压活性,评价了小米米糠蛋白水解物及其不同分子质量组分抗氧化及降血压活性,鉴定了1 ku组分多肽的氨基酸序列。结果显示,低分子质量小米米糠蛋白水解物具有更好的氧自由基吸附能力和降血压活性,1 ku组分的ORAC值为1 455.41μmol TE/mg,ACE抑制率分为73.667%,肾素抑制率为74%,且在灌胃6 h后降低SHRs的收缩压约37.8 mm Hg;1 ku组分中鉴定出7个小肽序列VALVR、VLER、VVRP、WVGK、FGPK、VLLF和LFGK。研究认为小米米糠蛋白水解物,尤其是1 ku肽组分可能作为功能性成分用于降血压相关的功能食品和保健品的开发。     

鱼鳞明胶ACE抑制肽的制备及其活性研究

利用Alcalase 2.4L酶解鱼鳞明胶制备具有血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制活性的降血压肽,通过超滤处理富集得到具有较高活性的ACE抑制肽,并对该组分进行分子量分布、氨基酸组成分析及抗消化性研究。结果表明:水解明胶6 h所得水解物的ACE抑制活性最高,其IC50为0.56 mg/mL,水解度为15.54%;超滤膜处理分离后,分子量小于5 kDa的多肽组分Ⅱ的ACE抑制活性最高,其回收率达90%以上;多肽中对ACE抑制活性贡献大的脯氨酸、羟脯氨酸、色氨酸等疏水性氨基酸的保存率高;体外消化实验显示,该抑制肽在胃肠道消化酶作用下能保持较好的ACE抑制活性。     

菜籽蛋白水解物及其膜分离组分的降血压相关活性

应用商业化蛋白酶Alcalase水解菜籽分离蛋白(RPI),并通过膜分离技术将水解物分离成4种不同分子质量大小的多肽组分(<1kD、1～3kD、3～5kD和5～10kD);评价水解物(RPH)和多肽组分的血管紧张素转化酶-Ⅰ(ACE)、肾素抑制活性和氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)。结果表明:分子质量大小与菜籽肽的氧自由基吸附能力成负相关;<1kD的组分具有最大的ACE抑制活性(抑制率为(83.42±0.35)%)和氧自由基吸附能力;与膜分离组分相比,Alcalase水解物具有最高的肾素抑制活性。研究认为,菜籽蛋白Alcalase水解物及其<1kD的膜分离组分可能作为功能性成分用于降血压相关的功能食品和保健品的开发。     

不同干燥方法对乳源血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽活性的影响

用不同的干燥方法干燥富含血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE）抑制肽的酪蛋白水解物,研究对ACE活性抑制的影响。在研究过程中,采用喷雾干燥法、流化床干燥法和真空冷冻干燥法干燥富含ACE抑制肽的酪蛋白水解产物,以干燥产物的水分含量低于5%为指标,确定干燥条件,以干燥产物的ACE活性半数抑制浓度（half inhibitory concentration,IC50）值,优化干燥条件。并通过动物实验,评价不同干燥方法所得产物的降血压效果。结果显示,采用喷雾干燥法干燥水解产物优化条件为：进风温度190 ℃、出风温度75 ℃、进料量44 mL/min,其干燥产物的ACE活性抑制的IC50值为0.442 mg/mL;流化床干燥水解物的条件为：进风温度65 ℃、进料量180 mL、悬浮介质添加量30 g,其干燥产物ACE活性抑制的IC50值为0.294 mg/mL;真空冷冻干燥产物的ACE活性抑制的IC50值为0.275 mg/mL。动物实验结果显示,采用真空冷冻干燥方法所得干燥产物,最有利于ACE抑制肽活性的保留,其次是流化床干燥,而喷雾干燥产物的活性损失最大。因此,在富含ACE抑制肽水解产物干燥时,采用冷冻干燥方法较好。     

合成二肽降血压活性研究

研究利用可见光分光光度法系统地对34种合成二肽的ACE抑制活性进行筛选,结果发现34种二肽中氨基酸序列为半胱氨酸-异亮氨酸(Cys-Ile,CI)和半胱氨酸-赖氨酸(Cys-Lys,CK)的二肽ACE抑制活性最高,其ACE抑制率分别达到67.52%和38.39%。其余二肽中有25种无明显ACE抑制活性,有7种呈一定程度ACE抑制活性。经测定CI和CK的IC50值分别为39.77μmol/L和211.53μmol/L。SHR大鼠降血压实验表明CI在体内的降压效果显著。以10 mg/kg剂量灌胃后2h大鼠舒张压下降34.36±5.19 mm Hg;当CI剂量达到100mg/kg时,给药后2h大鼠舒张压下降83.95±10.28 mm Hg,降压效果高于同浓度卡托普利。比较给药后2h和4h的降压效果,发现给药后2h的降压效果已经整体达到最大药效,而给药后4h降压效果与给药剂量呈较好的正相关性(R0.8)。体外ACE抑制率测定及SHR大鼠降血压实验表明合成二肽CI具有较高的ACE抑制活性和较好的体内降血压效果,提示CI可以作为降血压保健食品的添加成分,值得进一步研究。     

基于生物信息学与分子对接技术对坛紫菜降血压肽的筛选及活性分析

采用木瓜蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶双酶联合水解坛紫菜蛋白（Porphyra haitanensis protein,PHP）制备降血压活性肽,测定了经超滤后各个分子质量PHP酶解液清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基和2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）阳离子自由基能力、铁离子还原抗氧化能力（ferric ion reducing antioxidant power,FRAP）以及血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE）抑制活性。经质谱鉴定和活性肽数据库BIOPEP以及AHTPDB网站查找筛选活性肽,采用分子对接解释多肽抑制ACE机理,并对双酶酶解PHP动力学进行研究。结果表明：经超滤后的8?个分子质量的坛紫菜多肽组分中,＜0.5?kDa的组分具有最高DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力,＜1?kDa的组分具有最高FRAP值,而0.5～1?kDa组分IC50值（（2.21±0.28）mg/mL）最低。经查找筛选出14?条降血压肽,其中4?条肽的序列和对接能量分别为AVP（－5.87?kJ/mol）、GPL（－6.13?kJ/mol）、LDY（－7.65?kJ/mol）和LGYL（－7.78?kJ/mol）。酶解动力学模型预测PHP水解度与实验水解度相对误差在10%以下。本实验基于串联质谱与分子对接技术,通过生物信息筛选和体外活性检测从混合多肽中快速鉴定、筛选活性多肽,探究多肽抑制ACE的机理,并建立了描述蛋白可控酶解过程规律的动力学模型,为活性肽的制备提供了参考和借鉴。     

鮰鱼皮明胶ACE抑制肽降血压活性的研究

鮰鱼皮为斑点叉尾鮰鱼片加工的主要副产物,利用鮰鱼皮明胶制备降血压肽(ACE抑制肽)可为鮰鱼皮的高值化利用提供参考。本文通过对原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)进行一次性及长期给药(28 d)实验,研究鮰鱼皮明胶ACE抑制肽(Mr3000 Da)的降血压作用,并测定大鼠血清和肺组织中的ACE活性和Ang II含量。实验结果表明:一次性给药和长期灌胃给药鮰鱼皮明胶ACE抑制肽均对SHR大鼠有显著降血压作用,降血压效果呈剂量依赖性;高剂量组SHR大鼠灌胃给药2 h后,其收缩压由206 mmHg降至159 mmHg;高剂量组SHR大鼠经长期灌胃给药10 d后,血压一直保持在155 mmHg左右;同时,鮰鱼皮明胶ACE抑制肽对正常血压大鼠的降血压作用不显著。鮰鱼皮明胶ACE抑制肽对SHR大鼠血清和肺组织中的ACE活性有显著的抑制作用,从而使大鼠血清和肺组织中Ang II含量显著降低,而对正常血压的SD大鼠的血清和肺组织中ACE活性和Ang II含量影响不显著。     

食品蛋白降血压肽及其酶法制备(二)

３降血压肽的构效关系对食物降血压肽的研究开始于Oshima等１９７９年报道的从明胶酶解液中提取的ACE抑制肽。１９８２年Maruyamas犤１犦等从牛酪蛋白的胰蛋白酶水解物中分离出一种能抑制ACE活性的１２肽。随后开始从更多的蛋白质源中获得了ACE抑制肽，现已成功地从鱼贝类、大豆、酪蛋白、玉米、酒糟等众多食物蛋白质中获得了ACE抑制肽犤５犦。降血压肽的抑制活性与其氨基酸结构和组成密切相关。Cheung犤６犦等人经研究认为ACE抑制肽的抑制活性主要取决于C端氨基酸，C端氨基酸为芳香族氨基酸（包括色氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸）和脯氨…     

花生分离蛋白水解物中血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽的分离纯化与结构鉴定

利用碱性蛋白酶Alcalase对花生分离蛋白进行水解,制备花生分离蛋白水解物,并测定不同水解时间所得产物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制作用。未水解的花生分离蛋白没有ACE抑制活性,而利用碱性蛋白酶Alcalase水解所得的水解物具有很强的ACE抑制活性,水解30 min时水解物活性最高,其半抑制浓度为(IC50)0.56 mg/mL。通过超滤、Sephadex G-15凝胶过滤层析、反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间串联质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS/MS)和氨基酸组成分析等分析手段从水解30 min所得的水解物中分离鉴定出两种新的ACE抑制肽,氨基酸序列为Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Gly-Met-Thr-Leu-Ala-Phe-Pro-Leu-Pro-Lys和Lys-Ile-Phe-Leu-Arg-Leu-Ser,其IC50值分别为10.6μmol/L和36.6μmol/L。     

酶解玉米蛋白制备降血压肽的研究

以玉米蛋白粉为原料,选用7种蛋白酶分别进行单一酶和复合酶水解生产玉米蛋白降血压肽,用Cushman紫外分光光度法测定水解液的ACE抑制活性。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶Alcalase2.4L水解液具有最大的ACE抑制率,水解条件优化实验确定最适pH为8.0,温度为55～60℃,底物浓度为2.5%,加酶量为48AU/kg。水解度15.96%时所得水解物对ACE抑制作用最强,IC50为0.125mg/mL。     

Identification of an Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Protein Hydrolysates by a Soybean Protease and the Antihypertensive Effects of Hydrolysates in 4 Spontaneously Hypertensive Model Rats

ABSTRACT: Our previous study demonstrated that, because of its substrate specificity, protein hydrolysates by protease D3, which is originated from soybean, exhibited the prominent property of being less bitter than other enzymatic hydrolysates. In the 1st experiment in this series, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from soy protein hydrolysate by D3 were identified by the establishment of a novel and effective peptide identification method. The amino acid sequences of candidate ACE inhibitory peptides were determined by electrospray ionization mass/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis after rough purification of the samples with gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase chromatography. Some of the candidate peptides had amino acid sequences that showed homology with those of the reported ACE inhibitory peptides. Then, 8 types of novel candidate peptides were synthesized according to a solid-phase method, and their ACE inhibitory activity was confirmed as the IC₅₀ value. The most potent inhibitor was NWGPLV (IC₅₀= 21 μ M ). In the 2nd experiment, the antihypertensive activity of protein hydrolysates by D3 was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive model rats (SHRs). The dose-dependent antihypertensive effect of soy protein hydrolysate was confirmed, and systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced after the oral administration of doses exceeding 100 mg/kg. Casein hydrolysate was found to have the most potent effects on suppressing blood pressure as well as ACE inhibitory activity among the various food protein hydrolysates studied because of the primary structure of casein. These results indicate that hydrolysates by D3 could be a useful food ingredient because it has the physiological function (antihypertensive activity).     

刺参ACE抑制肽制备及降压功效分析

以刺参（Stichopus japonicus）体壁为原料,利用复合蛋白酶对其进行酶解,运用单因素法优化血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensin I-converting enzyme,ACE）抑制肽的酶解制备工艺。获得最佳工艺参数为：料液比1∶6（g/mL）、加酶量0.8%（质量分数）、反应时间6?h、pH?7.0。将酶解产物用3?kDa膜超滤,其中小于3?kDa组分具有较高的ACE抑制活性,IC50为0.8?mg/mL,对ACE表现为非竞争性抑制作用。刺参ACE抑制肽在高温、酸性和碱性条件下均具有较好的稳定性,同时具有较强的抵抗胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶消化的能力。动物实验结果表明,刺参ACE抑制肽对雄性自发性高血压大鼠具有良好的降压功效。因此,利用复合蛋白酶酶解刺参体壁制备的ACE抑制肽在降血压功能性食品的开发利用方面具有研究价值。     

HYPOTENSIVE ACTIVITY OF MUSCLE PROTEIN AND GLUTEN HYDROLYSATES OBTAINED BY PROTEASE TREATMENT

Protein hydrolysates obtained by treatment with papain, trypsin, chymotrypsin and actinase all exhibited inhibitory activity (IC50: 3.4–41.8 mg%) toward angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) (EC 3.4.15.1). In particular, the protein hydrolysate obtained by treatment with papain showed the highest inhibitory activity (3.7–5.3 mg%). The ACE inhibitory activity of the gluten hydrolysate obtained with actinase was mainly due to peptides of less than 500 Da in molecular mass. On the other hand, the ACE inhibitory activity of the myofibrillar protein hydrolysate obtained with papain was due to peptides of both less and more than 500 Da in molecular mass. The blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) administered the myofibrillar protein hydrolysate was significantly reduced at 2 h after administration. The blood pressure of SHR was also reduced at 2 h after administration of the gluten hydrolysate, and this effect continued until 6 h. These hydrolysates may potentially be useful as antihypertensive food materials.     

Antihypertensive effect of a bovine lactoferrin pepsin hydrolysate: Identification of novel active peptides

The potential of bovine lactoferrin (LF) as a source of antihypertensive peptides has been examined. For this purpose, LF pepsin hydrolysate with molecular mass lower than 3 kDa (LFH < 3 kDa) was prepared and orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), resulting in reduced systolic blood pressure in a significant and maintained manner up to 24 h after administration. LFH < 3 kDa was further fractionated by semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 38 peptides, contained in the active fractions, were identified by using an ion trap mass spectrometer. Based on the peptide abundance, a total of 11 peptides were chemically synthesized and their ACE inhibitory activity tested. Only three of them, corresponding to peptides of sequences LIWKL, RPYL and LNNSRAP exerted in vitro inhibitory effects on angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activity and had a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 0.47, 56.5 and 105.3 μM, respectively. The three peptides also showed antihypertensive effects in SHR and remarkably the effect of LIWKL remained significant for up to 24 h post-administration, similarly LFH < 3 kDa and the captopril control. The two most potent in vitro inhibitory peptides showed ex vivo inhibitory effect on ACE-dependent vasoconstriction as well. In conclusion, three novel LF-derived peptides and a pepsin LFH < 3 kDa lowered blood pressure and exhibit potential as orally effective antihypertensive compounds.     

SOYBEAN PROTEIN-DERIVED HYDROLYSATE AFFECTS BLOOD PRESSURE IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and antihypertensive effects of soybean protein hydrolysate in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The inhibitory activities against ACE with an IC₅₀ of the peptidic fraction were 0.82 (casein), 0.73 (soybean protein isolate), and 0.48 mg/mL (soybean acid-precipitated protein), respectively. Peptic hydrolysate containing 1% NaCl was added to the SHRs'feed (5% of each protein hydrolysate). Systolic blood pressure of the soybean protein hydrolysate-supplemented groups were significantly lower than that of the casein hydrolysate-supplemented group in the study period. These data suggested that soybean protein hydrolysate may retard the development of hypertension in SHRs by its ACE inhibitory effect in vivo.     

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of Acetes chinensis peptic hydrolysate and its antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Peptic hydrolysate with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was prepared from Acetes chinensis . The 3 kDa ultrafiltration filtrates (UF-IV) of the desalted hydrolysate exerted a potent ACE inhibitory activity with IC50 being 0.67 mg mL⁻¹. The fractions with molecular weight located between 611 and 240 Da achieved a total percentage of 63.6% in the UF-IV, with a mean peptide length of about 5.6–2.1. Gastrointestinal digestions were simulated on the hydrolysate and UF-IV and addressed their effect on the ACE inhibitory activity. The ACE inhibitory activity of the UF-IV could survive or be maintained in active form by simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Furthermore, the UF-IV exerted potent antihypertensive effect after oral administrations were given to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at a dose of 900 mg kg⁻¹ body weight. In conclusion, the UF-IV could serve as useful antihypertensive peptides in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and other associated disorders.     

贻贝盐溶蛋白特性分析及其ACE抑制肽的酶法制备

以贻贝为原料提取盐溶性蛋白,首先研究盐溶性蛋白的分子质量分布、粒度分布和变性温度等性质,然后比较其3?种蛋白酶（胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和胰酶）酶解产物的血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE）抑制活性,筛选出ACE抑制活性较高的胰蛋白酶酶解物,其IC50值为215.96?μg/mL。利用质谱对胰蛋白酶酶解物中的多肽氨基酸序列进行鉴定,利用多肽序列与ACE的对接分数初步筛选出11?个分值大于180?分的多肽序列,通过氨基酸组成结合情况和两者间氢键等相互作用,进一步筛选活性肽并阐述抑制活性机理,最终推测出LYDIDVAK和WIAEEADK是活性较高的抑制肽。     

体外模拟消化对大米谷蛋白结构及水解产物生物活性的影响

通过体外模拟消化,研究不同消化时间下谷蛋白结构与抗氧化和血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE)抑制活性的关系.利用内源荧光光谱和傅里叶变换红光谱测定谷蛋白水解过程结构变化.通过测定水解产物抗氧化能力和ACE抑制率表征酶解产物的活性,利用四极杆串联飞行时间质谱鉴定具有抗氧化...     

超声波预处理酶解制备茶渣蛋白ACE抑制肽及其活性分析

血管紧张素转换酶（Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme,ACE）在血压调节中扮演重要角色,抑制其活性有利于维持血压平衡。食源性ACE抑制肽具有安全、易吸收的特点,受到广泛关注。本研究旨在从茶渣蛋白中获得一种具有高ACE抑制活性的新肽。以ACE抑制率为指标,通过对三种超声方式的比较,确定最佳超声方式;以单因素实验为基础,进行响应面优化确定最佳超声波预处理参数;酶解液分离纯化运用超滤的方法,并对截留分子量小于3 kDa组分进行稳定性分析。结果表明,超声波预处理为最佳处理方式,得最优条件为超声功率300 W、超声温度45 ℃、超声时间25 min。在最佳超声波预处理条件下,ACE抑制率为64.8%,相比于未超声组54.1%提高了10.7%;当截留分子量小于3 kDa时,ACE抑制肽的抑制率为82.3%,相比于原始酶解液提高了17.5%。当温度30 ℃升温至90 ℃,ACE抑制肽的抑制率从82.3%降低至78.3%,减少了4.3%;酸碱度、盐溶液变化其对ACE抑制率表现稳定;模拟消化环境中8 h后,ACE抑制率从82.3%降为62.3%。     

Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory and antihypertensive properties of squid skin gelatin hydrolysates

Gelatin extracted from squid (Dosidicus eschrichitii Steenstrup) skin was hydrolysed with pepsin to prepare Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide. The ACE-inhibitory activity was measured by spectrophotometric assay. The hydrolysate was fractionated into three ranges of molecular weight (6 kDa < HSSG-I < 10 kDa, 2 kDa < HSSG-II < 6 kDa, HSSG-III < 2 kDa) using an ultrafiltration unit. The HSSG-III showed the most potent ACE inhibitory activity in vitro with IC₅₀ of 0.33 mg/ml. Renovascular hypertensive rats (RHR) model was made with two-kidney one clip assay, and antihypertensive effects were studied in RHR treated with HSSG-III for 30 days by oral administration. Arterial blood pressure were measured respectively. The HSSG-III remarkably reduced the arterial blood pressure of RHR. These results suggested that hydrolysate of squid skin gelatin obtained by treatment with pepsin was a good source of peptides with ACE-inhibitory activity and had an antihypertensive effect by oral administration.