微束单细胞照射的研究和发展

了解低剂量辐射效应等辐射生物学基本问题的关键是研究单一粒子与生物体的相互作用。然而 ,由于粒子在能量、径迹上的随机分布 ,这种单一粒子与生物体的相互作用很难在实验室中用常规照射的方法进行。微束的发展 ,特别是单粒子微束通过将精确数量的粒子准确地射入细胞或细胞的特定位置为回答这些问题提供了一个直接 ,有用的手段。该文论述了微束的历史 ,现状和未来发展 ,以及微束在辐射生物学研究中的应用。     

文献题录

Radiation Protection Dosimetry　Vol.99No.1-42 0 0 2　 (3 )(接第 5期 )低剂量与非靶效应辐射的非靶效应 :细胞和组织模型的旁观者响应 K M Prise等非受照细胞的遗传毒性损伤 :旁观者效应 H Zhou等径迹断片 α粒子的新方法和旁观者效应研究中的细胞共培养 C R Geard等低剂量α粒子照射后 V79细胞的辐射敏感性 E Tsoulou等低剂量 X射线照射后诱发的人体细胞突变 F Yatagai等染色体畸变的诱发在低剂量区呈非线性且与剂量率有关 A A Oudalova等带电离子微束照射后早期旁效应诱发的凋亡和早熟分化 O V Belyakov等人体细胞低剂量重…     

早期微束的发展及其在细胞辐射生物学中的应用

介绍了研究细胞辐射生物学效应的早期微束装置,总结了在单细胞定位定量辐射中所得到的一系列研究成果,并分析了这些微束装置存在的局限性,为微束装置的设计提供了借鉴和参考。     

单细胞单粒子微束的发展及放射生物学应用现状

综述了单细胞单粒子微束的发展及其在放射生物学方面的应用现状。通过准直或聚焦方式,可以将加速器粒子束流在空气中的束斑限定到微米或亚微米大小,而聚焦微束因其更高的空间分辨率和更快的电磁扫描照射速度成为发展主流;借助于先进的荧光显微镜及微速成像技术,当前的粒子微束能够对活细胞辐射诱导DNA损伤的早期响应进行在线可视化观测。微...     

单粒子微束装置的研究

介绍了一种用于生物学研究中细胞精确定位辐照的装置－－单粒子微束装置的研究进展情况和发展目标。     

电离辐射旁效应的研究方法概述

无论是放射性核素内照射还是不同射线外照射,无论是辐照体外培养细胞还是活体照射,都存在一定的辐射旁效应。旁效应的研究方法很多,如低剂量常规辐照,未照射细胞与照射细胞共同培养,用辐照细胞条件培养基处理未辐照细胞,微束单细胞定点辐照等。本文就辐射旁效应的研究方法做一综述。     

电离辐射诱发的非靶效应及其生物学意义

辐射诱发的非靶效应包括基因组不稳定性、旁效应、断裂因子以及亲代受照射后的遗传效应。非靶效应在辐射致癌、辐射防护、放射治疗、辐射危险评估以及细胞衰老等方面有重要的生物学意义。本文主要从辐射诱发的基因组不稳定性和旁效应两方面介绍辐射诱发的非靶效应及其生物学意义。     

α粒子微束定点照射--细胞的放射生物学效应及精确性分析

进行微束试验的关键是能够精确地控制照射的粒子数和将粒子准确地射入受照射位点.该研究通过对哥伦比亚大学单粒子微束装置在精确性、准确性以及各项指标的分析发现该装置可精确地控制照射粒子数,精确率为98.4%.同时,它可将α粒子准确地射入受照射位点,束半径为34,达到设计4的标准.在对细胞特定位点如细胞质照射上,粒子击中细胞质至少一个位点的概率为90%,在这一过程中的偶然核击中率,对大多数照射剂量(8个粒子)均小于0.8%.应用该微束装置的放射生物学研究发现单个α粒子仅导致大约20%的致死率,其存活率曲线类似于用常规照射获得的平均粒子存活曲线.诱变试验首次证实单个α粒子在AL细胞的CD59基因位点可诱导出比对照高出3倍数量的诱变子,诱变率随粒子数的增加而增加.这一结果不同于常规照射中,诱变率在高剂量照射后下降的结论.     

辐射化学在辐射生物学发展和研究中的作用

辐射化学是连接辐射物理与辐射生物学的时空桥梁,其理论、模型和实验方法对促进辐射生物学的研究和发展起到不可缺少的重要作用。辐射诱导的化学变化不仅是辐射生物学效应的早期事件,在辐射诱导的DNA损伤与修复、生物辐射敏感修饰剂、辐射诱导的活性氧分子代谢和功能等研究领域都扮演重要角色。随着辐射生物学效应研究朝着系统辐射生物学方向发展,辐射生物学效应发生机理的精确研究和定量描述更需要辐射化学的方法和手段支持。     

低剂量／低剂量率电离辐射生物效应

与大剂量／高剂量率电离辐射诱导的急性组织损伤效应不同,低剂量／低剂量率电离辐射除诱导慢性随机效应外,在一定条件下还可诱导兴奋效应和适应性反应。本文介绍有关低剂量／低剂量率辐射的定义和目前在低剂量／低剂量率辐射生物效应研究中存在的一些理论和现实问题,系统回顾低剂量脐0量率辐射诱导的一些生物学效应及效应发生的特点。     

低剂量电离辐射生物效应研究

低剂量电离辐射（Low—dose ionizing radiation）已经成为辐射生物效应研究中的一个热点。随着研究的深入,关于低剂量电离辐射的有害效应、适应性效应和兴奋性效应的理论不断完善。低剂量电离辐射的有害效应与非有害效应同时并存,机制仍然难以定论。过去关于低剂量电离辐射的生物效应多是通过高剂量效应曲线进行反推的,而现在越来越多的人对电离辐射的线性无阈模型的正确性提出了质疑。本文从有害效应、适应性效应和兴奋性效应3方面对低剂量电离辐射生物效应的发生及其机理等进行了综述并提出了几个问题。     

Development of a dose-adjustable α-particle irradiation facility for radiobiological studies

Bystander effects induced by low-dose or low dose-rate radiation have put a great challenge to the traditional model for radiation protection. In order to get a better assessment of the adverse effects of radiation, especially the low-dose radiation risk in environment, a radioactive irradiation facility, by which the dose and dose-rate to the biological targets can be controlled by rotating the sample bracket and changing the space between the radioactive source and the targets, was developed. The energy of our α-radioactive source (241Am) is measured averagely 3.5MeV at the position of the irradiated sample. The dose rate was measured by using a silicon surface barrier detector and a CR39 particle track detector. A dose rate ranging from 0.045 cGy/s to 1.07 cGy/s can be obtained by changing the space length from the radioactive source to the sample dish.     

Effects of low-dose heavy ion irradiation on male germ cell adaptation and genetics

1 Introduction Ionizing irradiation has been widely reported to damage organism by attacking proteins, nucleic acid and lipids in cells.[1,2] However, irradiation hormesis after low dose irradiation has been becoming the focus of research in radiobiology in recent years.[3,4] Many studies have shown that low dose ionizing irradiation can produce stimulating effects on the immune sys-tems and induce adaptative response to harmful ef-fects of subsequent high-dose radiation exposure.[3,5-7] Furth…     

低剂量辐射效应及辐射的表观遗传学调控

本文介绍低剂量或低剂量率辐射的适应性反应、旁效应、低剂量超敏感性和基因组不稳定性;介绍辐射的表观遗传学调控,包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白调控、染色体重塑、非编码RNA,以及各自在辐射效应中发挥的作用。从已研究发现的辐射效应与表观遗传学调控的联系,试图探索低剂量辐射效应的表观遗传学调控,并提出疑问和思考。     

电离辐射致DNA双链断裂研究方法及统计模型

DNA既是生命物质中信息的载体,也是辐射生物效应最主要的靶分子.电离辐射通过射线的直接作用和间接作用引起DNA分子的多类型损伤,其中DNA双链断裂(Double-strand breaks,DSB)是辐射引起的各种生物效应中最重要的原初损伤之一,成为辐射生物学研究的重点.目前DSB研究的主要方法包括拉曼光谱技术、原子力显微镜、单细胞凝胶电泳、脉冲场凝胶电泳、γH2AX分析技术、早熟染色体凝集等,研究DSB的统计模型包括随机断裂模型、Moment法、Tsallis熵模型、平均分子量法,在此均得到总结,最后探讨了DSB辐照热点的研究前景.     

Micro—beam XRF localization by a laser beam

A new method for micro-beam XRF localiztion is presented.A laser beam along with an incident X-ray hits on the surface of a sample.The micro region on the sample that reached by X-ray beam can be localized by means of the visible spot of the laser beam.This method is suitable for X-ray microprobes using an X-ray tube or synchrotron radiation as excitation sources.     

Toxicological study of injuries of rat’s hippocampus after lead poisoning by synchrotron microradiography and elemental mapping

The hippocampus, a major component of the brain, is one of the target nervous organs in lead poisoning. In this work, a rat’s hippocampal injury caused by lead was studied. The lead concentrations in blood, bone and hippocampus collected from rats subject to lead poisoning were quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry while morphological information and elemental distributions in the hippocampus were obtained with synchrotron radiation X-ray phase contrast imaging and synchrotron radiation micro-beam X-ray fluorescence, respectively. For comparison, identical characterization of the specimens from the rats in the control group was done in parallel. Results show that the ratios between the lead content in the treated group and that in the control group of the hippocampus, bone, and blood are about 2.66, 236, and 39.6, respectively. Analysis also revealed that some health elements such as S, K, Cl and P increase in the regions with high lead content in the treated hippocampus. Morphological differences between the normal and lead-exposed hippocampus specimens in some local areas were observed. Explicitly, the structure of the lead-exposed hippocampus was tortuous and irregular, and the density of the neurons in the Dentate Gyrus was significantly lower than that from the control group. The study shows that the synchrotron radiation methods are very powerful for investigating structural injury caused by heavy metals in the nervous system.     

Investigation of the radiation hardness on semiconductor devices using the ion micro-beam

Variation of the ion beam induced charge (IBIC) pulse heights due to ion irradiation was investigated on a Si pn diode and a 6H-SiC Schottky diode using a 2 Mev He⁺ micro-beam. Each diode was irradiated with a focused 2 MeV He⁺ micro-beam to a fluence in the range of 1×10⁹–1×10¹³ ions/cm². Charge pulse heights were analyzed as a function of the irradiation fluence. After a 2 MeV ion irradiation to the Si pn junction diode, the IBIC pulse height decreased by 15% at 9.2×10¹² ions/cm². For the SiC Schottky diode, with a fluence of 6.5×10¹² ions/cm², the IBIC pulse height decreased by 49%. Our results show that the IBIC method is applicable to evaluate irradiation damage of Si and SiC devices and has revealed differences in the radiation hardness of devices dependent on both structural and material.