Remote sensing techniques for mangrove mapping

Different approaches to the classification of remotely sensed data of mangroves are reviewed, and five different methodologies identified. Landsat TM, SPOT XS and CASI data of mangroves from the Turks and Caicos Islands, were classified using each method. All classifications of SPOT XS data failed to discriminate satisfactorily between mangrove and non-mangrove vegetation. Classification accuracy of CASI data was higher than Landsat TM for all methods, and more mangrove classes could be discriminated. Merging Landsat TM and SPOT XP data improved visual interpretation of images, but did not enhance discrimination of different mangrove categories. The most accurate combination of sensor and image processing method for mapping the mangroves of the eastern Caribbean islands is identified.     

Software energy reduction techniques for variable-voltageprocessors

A processor consumes far less energy running tasks requiring a low supply voltage than it does executing high-performance tasks. Effective voltage-scheduling techniques take advantage of this situation by using software to dynamically vary supply voltages, thereby minimizing energy consumption and accommodating timing constraints     

Software reliability prediction by soft computing techniques

In this paper, ensemble models are developed to accurately forecast software reliability. Various statistical (multiple linear regression and multivariate adaptive regression splines) and intelligent techniques (backpropagation trained neural network, dynamic evolving neuro-fuzzy inference system and TreeNet) constitute the ensembles presented. Three linear ensembles and one non-linear ensemble are designed and tested. Based on the experiments performed on the software reliability data obtained from literature, it is observed that the non-linear ensemble outperformed all the other ensembles and also the constituent statistical and intelligent techniques.     

计算机控制系统的软件抗干扰技术

工业现场存在着各种强烈干扰,很容易导致计算机控制系统不稳定甚至无法正常工作,这就可能造成程序错误或运算错误,导致设备失控和误动作.因此,提高计算机控制系统稳定性是一个必须认真对待的问题.针对计算机控制系统的软件抗干扰措施作出了比较细致的探讨.     

Using artificial intelligence techniques for COVID-19 genome analysis

Applied Intelligence - The genome of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease was first sequenced in January 2020, approximately a month after its emergence in Wuhan, capital of Hubei province,...     

Software prototyping by relational techniques: experiences withprogram construction systems

A method for designing and prototyping program construction systems using relational databases is presented. Relations are the only data structures used inside the systems and for interfaces; programs extensively use relational languages, in particular relational algebra. Two large projects are described. The Ada Relational Translator (ART) is an experimental compiler-interpreter for Ada in which all subsystems, including the parser, semantic analyzer, interpreter, kernel, and debugger, use relations as their only data structure; the relational approach has been pushed to the utmost to achieve fast prototyping in a student environment. Multi-Micro Line (MML) is a tool set for constructing programs for multimicroprocessors' targets, in which relations are used for allocation and configuration control. Both experiences validate the approach for managing teamwork in evolving projects, identify areas where this approach is appropriate, and raise critical issues     

Software development and system testing techniques

Microcomputer software and development techniques are evolving rapidly. Text editors and debugging aids are becoming increasingly available, particularly on inexpensive hardware. A revolution will probably take place soon, with the appearance of complete development systems costing less than £1000.Software design methods are very much in vogue and the need for structure and documentation in microcomputer software cannot be overstressed. Which level of software to use is a problem that must be solved in the early days of system specification. The solution is often hybrid, composed of high-level code calling on lower-level assembler for fast or complex computations.System testing aids are becoming available with increased power and versatility. Multiprocessor development systems are now available with ICE (in-circuit emulation), a technique of real-time processor emulation that is receiving increased attention.This kind of support is still not cheap, but the value-for-money is improving rapidly.     

Processor mapping techniques toward efficient data redistribution

Run-time data redistribution can enhance algorithm performance in distributed-memory machines. Explicit redistribution of data can be performed between algorithm phases when a different data decomposition is expected to deliver increased performance for a subsequent phase of computation. Redistribution, however, represents increased program overhead as algorithm computation is discontinued while data are exchanged among processor memories. In this paper, we present a technique that minimizes the amount of data exchange for BLOCK to CYCLIC(c) (or vice-versa) redistributions of arbitrary number of dimensions. Preserving the semantics of the target (destination) distribution pattern, the technique manipulates the data to logical processor mapping of the target pattern. When implemented on an IBM SP, the mapping technique demonstrates redistribution performance improvements of approximately 40% over traditional data to processor mapping. Relative to the traditional mapping technique, the proposed method affords greater flexibility in specifying precisely which data elements are redistributed and which elements remain on-processor     

Online interactive thematic mapping: Applications and techniques for socio-economic research

Recent advances in public sector open data and online mapping software are opening up new possibilities for interactive mapping in research applications. Increasingly there are opportunities to develop advanced interactive platforms with exploratory and analytical functionality. This paper reviews tools and workflows for the production of online research mapping platforms, alongside a classification of the interactive functionality that can be achieved. A series of mapping case studies from government, academia and research institutes are reviewed. The conclusions are that online cartography's technical hurdles are falling due to open data releases, open source software and cloud services innovations. The data exploration functionality of these new tools is powerful and complements the emerging fields of big data and open GIS. International data perspectives are also increasingly feasible. Analytical functionality for web mapping is currently less developed, but promising examples can be seen in areas such as urban analytics. For more presentational research communication applications, there has been progress in story-driven mapping drawing on data journalism approaches that are capable of connecting with very large audiences.     

Joint application mapping/interconnect synthesis techniques for embedded chip-scale multiprocessors

As transistor sizes shrink, interconnects represent an increasing bottleneck for chip designers. Several groups are developing new interconnection methods and system architectures to cope with this trend. New architectures require new methods for high-level application mapping and hardware/software codesign. We present high-level scheduling and interconnect topology synthesis techniques for embedded multiprocessor systems-on-chip that are streamlined for one or more digital signal processing applications. That is, we seek to synthesize an application-specific interconnect topology. We show that flexible interconnect topologies utilizing low-hop communication between processors offer advantages for reduced power and latency. We show that existing multiprocessor scheduling algorithms can deadlock if the topology graph is not strongly connected, or if a constraint is imposed on the maximum number of hops allowed for communication. We detail an efficient algorithm that can be used in conjunction with existing scheduling algorithms for avoiding this deadlock. We show that it is advantageous to perform application scheduling and interconnect synthesis jointly, and present a probabilistic scheduling/interconnect algorithm that utilizes graph isomorphism to pare the design space.     

基于公钥加密算法和PPCT动态图编码的软件指纹方案

提出了一种综合PPCT动态图编码方法和椭圆曲线加密算法的软件指纹方案,该方案将公钥加密技术和软件水印技术综合应用于软件版权的保护和验证过程中,充分利用两者的优势,具有安全性高和抗恶意篡改能力强的特点.     

Software Design Smell Detection: a systematic mapping study

Design Smells are indicators of situations that negatively affect software quality attributes such as understandability, testability, extensibility, reusability, and maintainability in general. Improving maintainability is one of the cornerstones of making software evolution easier. Hence, Design Smell Detection is important in helping developers when making decisions that can improve software evolution processes. After a long period of research, it is important to organize the knowledge produced so far and to identify current challenges and future trends. In this paper, we analyze 18 years of research into Design Smell Detection. There is a wide variety of terms that have been used in the literature to describe concepts which are similar to what we have defined as “Design Smells,” such as design defect, design flaw, anomaly, pitfall, antipattern, and disharmony. The aim of this paper is to analyze all these terms and include them in the study. We have used the standard systematic literature review method based on a comprehensive set of 395 articles published in different proceedings, journals, and book chapters. We present the results in different dimensions of Design Smell Detection, such as the type or scope of smell, detection approaches, tools, applied techniques, validation evidence, type of artifact in which the smell is detected, resources used in evaluation, supported languages, and relation between detected smells and software quality attributes according to a quality model. The main contributions of this paper are, on the one hand, the application of domain modeling techniques to obtain a conceptual model that allows the organization of the knowledge on Design Smell Detection and a collaborative web application built on that knowledge and, on the other, finding how tendencies have moved across different kinds of smell detection, as well as different approaches and techniques. Key findings for future trends include the fact that all automatic detection tools described in the literature identify Design Smells as a binary decision (having the smell or not), which is an opportunity to evolve to fuzzy and prioritized decisions. We also find that there is a lack of human experts and benchmark validation processes, as well as demonstrating that Design Smell Detection positively influences quality attributes.

     

Software product line testing - A systematic mapping study

Context

Software product lines (SPL) are used in industry to achieve more efficient software development. However, the testing side of SPL is underdeveloped.

Objective

This study aims at surveying existing research on SPL testing in order to identify useful approaches and needs for future research.

Method

A systematic mapping study is launched to find as much literature as possible, and the 64 papers found are classified with respect to focus, research type and contribution type.

Results

A majority of the papers are of proposal research types (64%). System testing is the largest group with respect to research focus (40%), followed by management (23%). Method contributions are in majority.

Conclusions

More validation and evaluation research is needed to provide a better foundation for SPL testing.     

Assessment of multitemporal compositing techniques of MODIS and AVHRR images for burned land mapping

The performance of several criteria to generate multitemporal composites of daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images for burned land mapping was tested using data acquired over the Iberian Peninsula in 2001, 2003 and 2004. The experiment was based on four tests that assessed the discriminability between burned and unburned areas, the presence of artifacts (clouds and clouds shadows), the verticality of the sensor viewing angle, and the spatial coherency of the composite images. Seven different compositing techniques were tested, based on maximizing normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and brightness/surface temperature, and minimizing reflectance and sensor zenith angles. The composite criterions that provide the most accurate images for burned land mapping were based on maximizing brightness/surface temperatures, either as the only criterion or in conjunction with minimizing sensor zenith angle or near infrared (NIR) reflectance. These composites present high discrimination capacity between burned and unburned areas, remove most clouds and cloud shadows, offer high spatial coherency and present middle-to-low sensor zenith angles. Traditional compositing criterion based on maximizing NDVI values provided poor results in most tests. Finally, standard NASA MODIS composite provides close to nadir observation angles, and good spatial coherency, but it offered lower discrimination between burned and unburned areas that those composites based on thermal data.     

Computer graphics Part 2—Software techniques

In the previous paper¹ we considered the factors affecting the choice of configuration for a proposed graphics installation. This paper looks more closely at the problems of software, an aspect which can have a far greater impact on the final success of the system.

The first part of this paper reviews the graphics software packages which will be required. Some of these are supplied by the manufacturer; others will have to be developed by the installation's own programming staff. This is followed by a discussion of programming techniques which have proved to be effective in a practical design environment.     

Improving the quality of conceptual modeling using cognitive mapping techniques

Conceptual modeling involves the understanding and communication between system analysts and end-users. Many factors may affect the quality of conceptual modeling processes as well as the models per se. Human cognition plays a pivotal role in understanding these factors and cognitive mapping techniques are effective tools to elicit and represent human cognition. In this paper, we look at the use of cognitive mapping techniques to improve the quality of conceptual modeling. We review frameworks on quality in conceptual modeling and examine the role of human cognition in conceptual modeling. The paper also discusses how human cognition is related to quality in conceptual modeling, the various cognitive mapping techniques, and how these cognitive mapping techniques can be used in conceptual modeling. Through a case study, the paper describes ways of incorporating cognitive mapping techniques to a popular systems development methodology—Soft Systems Methodology—to improve the quality of conceptual modeling.     

Scene-based fingerprinting method for traitor tracing

In this paper, scene-based fingerprinting method for traitor tracing is proposed which is computationally less complex and handles large user group, say 10¹¹ users while requiring few frames to embed the watermark. The proposed method uses QR code as a watermark due to its three main features: (1) inherent templates, (2) noise resiliency, and (3) compact size. The proposed method creates the QR code watermark on-the-fly which is then segmented and embedded parallely inside the scenes of video using the watermarking key. The features of QR code, segmentation, and watermarking key not only help the proposed method in supporting a large user group but also make it computationally fast. Further, synchronization issues may arise due to addition and deletion of scenes. To avoid such scenarios, the proposed method matches the inherent templates present in QR code with the templates present in the segments of the extracted watermark. Experimental results show that the proposed method is computationally efficient and is robust against attacks such as collusion, scene dropping, scene addition, and other common signal processing attacks.     

使用ESDA和Kriging技术进行乙肝制图研究

疾病制图是进行疾病发生情况分析和监测的一项重要技术.它是将地理分布的疾病观测数据,使用合适的空间插值技术,制作成连续分布的疾病地图的过程.介绍了ESDA和Krigmg技术,通过实际数据展示了二者的结合在我国乙肝疾病数据制图中的应用.分析结果指出,我国乙肝发病率地理分布特点为:西北内蒙和甘肃一带、中南和华东部分地区和东北部分省市为高发地区,长江以南高于长江以北,东部沿海高于西部边疆.