采用高通量的DJ塔板实现小设备大生产

ＤＪ塔板是一种高通量型的塔板，尤其适用于大液量高液气比和加压操作，以ＤＪ塔板奂葆反，可心提高能３０－５０％，在新建装置中采用ＤＪ塔板，可减少小塔径，降低塔高，节约投资３０％以上，本文以生产实便和对比设计数据表明了ＤＪ塔板的优良性能和经济价值。     

非均匀开孔率穿流塔板传质过程的研究

用有机玻璃塔研究了非均匀穿流塔板的结构与性能，分析了氧解吸的传质效率。实验结果表明，非均匀开孔率的穿流塔板比均匀开孔率的穿流塔板效率高５％～１０％，操作弹性大３０％。     

锥形筛孔塔板流体力学性能的研究

在一个φ500mm的有机玻璃塔中，以空气为物系，测试了普通筛孔塔板和锥形筛孔塔板的干板压降。根据Hughmark-O'Connell关联式计算出流量系数，并对上锥形筛孔塔板干板压降的Hughamrk-O'Connell公式进行修正，得到上锥形筛孔塔板的修正系数β'大于1，其干板压降比普通塔板低20％－30％。在此基础上对普通筛孔塔板和锥形筛孔塔板在气体穿孔时由于流体力不行为不同产生的压降差异进行了分析。     

新型高效大通量DJ系列塔板的研究与工业应用

新型高效大通量DJ系列塔板采用矩形悬挂式降液管，液体通量可比一般塔板提高30％--50％。通过在受液区增设导流装置、防冲击漏液装置以及在塔板下方复合填料等，改善板上液流分布，减少冲击漏液量，减少雾沫夹带量，从而大大提高塔板效率，增大操作弹性。DJ塔板的效率与浮阀塔板相当，在改造中可以以一对一代换普通浮闽塔板实现扩能25％以上。DJ塔板已在石化、炼油、化肥等领域成功应用，改造塔90多座，产生了巨大的社会经济效益。     

MD型塔板及其改进型的研究和应用

ＭＤ型塔板是一种引进的优良塔板。本文介绍了对ＭＤ型塔板流体力学和传质性能的研究，以及对其改进型的开发研究和工业应用，改进ＭＤ型塔板具有ＭＤ型塔板的固有优点，并在塔板和降液管结构上有所改进，以满足特大液气比操作和高效节能的生产要求，工业应用已获得成功。     

采用高通量的DJ塔板实现小设备大生产

DJ塔板是一种高通量型的塔板,尤其适用于大液量高液气比和加压操作。以DJ塔板代换普通塔板,可以提高通量30-50％。在新建装置中采用DJ塔板,可减小塔径,降低塔高,节约投资30％以上。本文以生产实例和对比设计数据表明了DJ塔板的优良性能和经济价值。     

DJ型塔板在变换气脱碳扩能中的应用

合成氨生产中变换气脱除二氧化碳是加压下的高液气比吸收过程，扩能时往往成为瓶颈。DJ塔板是一种高效率高通量的新型塔板，特别适用于高液负荷和加压分离过程。用于脱碳操作的DJ-2型塔板具有两根矩形降液管，溢流周边比常规塔板长2～5倍，可承受更大的气液负荷。降液管悬挂在气相空间，受液区也开孔鼓泡，液体流动通畅，有抗堵功能。在扩能改造中，采用DJ塔板代换填料塔或一般板式塔，可以解除瓶颈，实现增产30％以上。DJ塔板板间距小，能充分利用塔内空间，提高塔的分离效率，实现节能增效。文中列出了部分脱碳塔改造实例的参数。     

高效复合型塔板及其在甲醇精馏中的应用

高效复合型塔板采用筛板和薄层规整填料的复合结构，有穿流筛板复合填料和DJ型塔板复合填料两种型式。复合结构充分利用了塔板间的空间，改善了塔内的气液分布，抑制了板间雾沫夹带，提高了操作弹性，具有优良的流体力学性能和传质性能。穿流型复合塔板在低温甲醇洗的甲醇精馏塔中成功地代换了林德泡罩和一般筛板或浮阀塔板，提高了分离效率20％以上，增加了处理能力，降低了回流比，改善了腐蚀问题，节省了系统的能耗。穿流型复合塔板还成功地应用于甲醇生产装置的精馏塔系中。在甲醇三塔精馏塔系中，粗馏塔和加压精馏塔的精馏段采用穿流型的复合塔板，而提馏段则采用通量大弹性好的DJ型复合塔板，实现了最佳的组合，满足了塔内操作工况的要求。     

FSV浮动筛片塔板的开发研究

由洛阳石化工程公司研制开发的ＦＳＶ浮动筛片塔板结合了浮阀与筛孔塔板的优点。通过与Ｆｌ浮阀和大筛孔塔板的冷模流体力学和传质实验对比，证实ＦＳＶ塔板比上述两种塔板具有大负荷比、高效率和低压降的特点。     

微孔介质塔板流体力学和传质性能的研究

开发出一种新型微孔介质塔板—泡沫镍塔板 ,并在一个 5 0 0× 5 0 0mm2 有机玻璃方塔内用空气—水系统测定了其流体力学性能指标—塔板压降等 ,用二氧化碳解吸实验测定了塔板效率 ,研究了它们随空塔动能因子、堰高和液流强度变化的规律。实验结果表明 ,此种塔板虽然压降稍大 ,但传质效率很高且没有漏液 ,可用于工业生产中。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。