稻谷通风干燥装备研制和应用

阐述了我国粮食干燥技术与设施的发展现状,分析了传统快速烘干机烘干稻谷的弊端,简要介绍了粮食低温通风干燥理论,研发了多环立式深层粮食径向通风干燥新的技术装备。该技术装备打破了国内外粮食机械通风干燥粮层不能超过4m的极限。将网架式薄壁通风管道装置应用于粮层堆厚12m的砖筒仓内进行整仓稻谷机械通风干燥。实现了粮食通风干燥过程的智能、远程、实时、动态监控和管理。技术装备经两年多的生产实践,运行安全可靠,经济和社会效益显著。     

辽宁省农户储粮问题探讨

通过对辽宁省的调研,针对目前农户储粮存在的普遍问题,提出了适合我省农户储粮减损的新装具,旨在解决目前我省农村储粮损失巨大的问题,为农户安全储粮提供了技术保障,从而达到农户储粮减损增收的目的。     

PVC粮食储藏膜的研制

粮食储藏膜是目前粮库储藏粮食、减少虫害必不可少的材料，粮膜必须具有气密性好、防潮、耐低温、透氧率低、韧性好、拉力强、透明度高的特性，产品要均匀度好、手感柔软、爽滑、不易吸尘、抗老化性能优异、杀虫效果好、使用寿命长。产品幅宽可达6米，可广泛用于各种粮库、粮垛的粮食储存，可使粮食达到防潮、防霉保鲜的效果。“膜下环流熏蒸”技术对粮堆采取了薄膜密闭，减小害虫感染几率，使“低氧无药”绿色储粮成为可能，经济效益更佳。另外，环流熏蒸杀虫技术减少药剂残留，降低粮食损耗，提高粮食品质，可增强企业储藏产品的竞争力，无形中创造了潜在的经济效益。“膜下环流熏蒸”可以将磷化氢（PH3）的损失降低到最低限度。仓房泄漏是损失PH3的重要原因，良好的密封是PH3熏蒸是否成功的关键，而使用PVC粮膜覆盖则是达到这一目的的有效方法之一。     

铁岭精工机器厂成为我国最大干燥设备生产企业

<正> 由辽宁省铁岭市人民政府召开的“干燥技术与装备开发研讨会暨铁岭精工机器厂千台干燥设备出厂庆祝大会”于一九九一年十月七日至九日在铁岭市举行。来自全国各地的干燥技术专家,美、日、泰商界朋友,地方省市及国家有关部委各级领导共三百多各代表应邀出席了会议。 代表门欣喜地看到,地处辽宁省的铁岭精工机器厂历经近6年的奋斗,迄今为止已出厂1200余台(套)干燥设备,已成为我国干燥设备最大专业生产企业。该厂生产的干燥机已广为化工、医药、轻工、食品、粮食等行业采用。该厂以科技为先导,重视新产品开发,建立     

"谷虫净"挺进国家粮库

【本刊讯】谷物防护剂“谷虫净”在河北保定市国家粮库使用情况的汇报会日前在北京京都紫禁城饭店召开。　　会议由中国粮油学会副理事长、国家粮食局粮食储藏技术咨询专家组组长靳祖训同志主持。科研、高校的教授靳祖训、梁权、路茜玉、王佩祥、李前泰等出席了会议。汇报会上 ,谷虫净总厂厂长徐钦成同志致词 ,谷虫净产品质量监制单位国家粮食储备局成都粮食储藏科学研究所的有关专家李前泰同志介绍了有关谷虫净防治储粮害虫的室内、仓库生产性药效试验及农户储粮防虫的药效试验。该厂总工程师李况同志做了有关谷虫净扩大生产、新车间设计、…     

小型移动式粮食干燥机的设计

阐述了以秸秆为燃料的小型移动式粮食干燥机的主要结构组成和工作原理,并对干燥塔和热风炉等主要部件进行了设计计算,确定了合理的结构参数与工作参数。样机性能试验表明,该干燥机能满足粮食干燥要求,而且操作方便、移动性好,适合农户使用。     

我国粮食干燥节能途径

能耗是衡量粮食干燥机技术性能好差的一项经济指标。介绍了粮食干燥能耗情况，分析了粮食干燥的节能途径，供设计粮食干燥机时合理选用。     

麦蛾性引诱剂诱捕试验小结

麦蛾(谷蛾总科,麦蛾科)是我国广大地区储粮的害虫。主要危害稻谷、大麦、小麦等多种谷类,被害小麦每粒重量的损失平均为43.8％,造成储粮的大量损失,并且严重影响了粮食的质量。在我国,分布也很广,除新疆、西藏外,各省区都有,南方各省更多,最近我们在本县米厂的仓库,使用性诱剂诱捕麦蛾,该厂进行三麦兑换和加工,     

我国煤矿通风技术与装备发展现状及展望

本文主要从通风理论、系统、装备、监控等几个方面对我国近几年来在矿井通风方面所取得的研究成果进行了进一步的阐述,对通风系统、采煤工作面通风、掘进工作面通风等一些新的理念进行了分析,最后针对我国当前通风技术与装备在发展过程中所面临的问题进行了深入分析之后,对我国矿井通风系统监控技术、装备制造水平等几个方面的发展进行展望,希望能够为我国矿井通风技术发展提供一定的借鉴。     

稻谷就仓低温通风干燥系统生产性实验

中国是稻谷的生产和消费大国，总产量占世界总产的33％左右，居世界第一位。传统的稻谷高温烘干方法介质温度高、干燥生产能耗大、费用高，烘干后稻谷惊纹率高，整精米率降低，严重影响稻谷加工和食用品质。在探索稻谷低温通风干燥特性、综合分析国内外稻谷低温通风干燥特性试验研究成果的基础上，研制了稻谷深层通风干燥系统，确定了立管式多环径向通风干燥工艺路线，通过稻谷就仓通风干燥系统的生产性实验，对通风干燥仓结构性能、稻谷通风前后质量变化规律等进行了测试，验证了稻谷低温通风干燥的科学性与可行性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.