热处理制度对一种单晶镍基高温合金γ′相形貌演化的影响

研究了热处理制度对一种单晶镍基合金γ′相形貌演化的影响。结果表明：没的热地合金的γ′相形貌有很大的影响。合金经固溶处理后,γ′相细小弥散析出,一次时效处理使γ′相平均尺寸增大,一次时效温度在1200℃以上时,由于基体通道变宽,有细小的二次γ′相析出,二次时效处理对γ′相平均尺寸影响不大,只是增加γ′相的正方度。     

定向凝固K17G镍基高温合金

本文研究定向凝固K17G合金显微组织特点及其与凝固时冷却速率关系,当冷却速率在0.4～1.0℃/秒时,其尺寸、数量与冷却速率平方根成反比。热处理对显微组织和机械性能有重要影响,重新析出的细小γ′相数量与固溶温度有关,尺寸则取决于时效温度(相同时效时间)。经1220℃/4小时/空冷加900℃/16小时/空冷热处理后,760℃66公斤/毫米~2的持久寿命为300～450小时,是普通铸造K17G合金的3～4倍;持久塑性δ在15%左右,约为普通铸造合金的4倍。对蠕变过程中MC碳化物及γ-γ′共晶断裂,也作了一些探讨。     

钴对Refractoloy 26合金显微组织的影响

本文较系统地研究了钴对Fe-Cr-Ni-Co 高温合金Refractoloy 26组织结构的影响。结果表明:降低合金含钴量,使γ′析出相的重量百分数和颗粒尺寸增大,而γ-γ′相的点阵错配度减小;使合金中析出的MC 碳化物稳定性降低,从而在时效过程中形成较多的M_(23)C_6和M_6C 碳化物,使析出的碳化物总量增加;在高钴合金中,M_(23)C_6碳化物不再存在,但有μ相析出。定量金相分析结果证明钴对孪晶形成的数量和形貌均有影响。     

新型定向凝固镍基高温合金DZ445中γ′相在高温下的演变规律

通过对新型定向凝固镍基高温合金DZ445进行800～900℃热暴露试验,研究了合金中γ′强化相在高温下的演变规律。结果表明：高温下γ′相的长大受基体元素扩散控制,长大动力学遵循Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner熟化规律,扩散激活能为305 kJ·mol^-1;合金组织稳定,即使是在900℃热暴露10 000 h, γ′相颗粒的平均尺寸也只增大至(928±14)nm,在800～900℃下热暴露10 000 h时γ′相体积分数保持在50%上下,未观察到拓扑密堆相析出;在850,900℃热暴露过程中,γ′相形貌由类球状向立方或四方块状转变,这种转变与颗粒尺寸和晶格错配度有关。     

固溶温度对LF9镍基合金中η和γ′相尺寸、数量及冲击性能的影响

用SEM、TEM、EDS和ICP-AES等方法进行微观组织分析,用冲击试验机测定冲击性能,研究了LF9镍基合金经(800～1 040)℃×1 h固溶水冷处理后γ′相和η相的变化及对合金冲击性能的影响.结果表明:合金中的γ′相在高温下发生长大,原始锻态γ′相的平均尺寸约20 nm,980℃固溶时平均尺寸约120 nm,而1 020℃时γ′相完全溶解;820℃时次生析出η相沿晶界平行往外生长,在η相两侧形成贫γ′区,约980℃时析出量达到最多,约1 040℃时完全溶解;贫γ′区的微塑性区能减缓裂纹的扩展速率,改善合金的冲击性能;η相的析出数量增多和尺寸增大降低了合金的冲击性能.     

700℃长时时效对LF2合金组织和高温拉伸性能的影响

研究了700℃长时时效对LF2合金组织及其高温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:合金在700℃长时时效后存在γ′相、MC相、Laves相和σ相;γ′相呈小圆球状弥散分布于晶内,MC相和Laves相未聚集长大,σ相大量析出;MC相和Laves相对合金高温强度的影响很小;γ′相是使合金具有良好高温强度的重要析出相;σ相的大量析出是合金高温屈服强度下降的主要原因。     

铼含量微量调整对第三代镍基单晶高温合金组织和高温持久性能的影响

制备了名义成分为Ni-9Ta-6Al-6W-4Co-2Cr-0.4Mo-xRe(x分别为6.2,6.8,质量分数/%)的两种单晶高温合金,研究了铼含量对合金铸态显微组织和相转变温度以及热处理态显微组织和高温持久性能的影响。结果表明:微量增加铼后,铸态合金的凝固偏析程度和γ+γ′共晶组织含量均增加,固溶过程中共晶组织快速溶解的峰值温度提高;热处理态合金中的γ′相尺寸略微减小,持久加载过程中拓扑密排相的析出量增加;铼的微量增加显著改变了铼和铬的成分分配比,增强了固溶强化效果,明显提高了合金的高温持久性能。     

高温长期时效对镍基单晶高温合金γ′相形貌的影响

研究了长期时效对一种镍基单晶高温合金γ′相形貌的影响。结果表明:合金在950℃时效100h后,γ′相正方度略有下降,500h后γ′相开始沿不同的[100]方向长大。合金在1050℃时效100h后,γ′相开始沿不同的[100]方向长大,长大速度明显高于950℃时效。γ/γ′相界面能和弹性应变能的降低是γ′相长大的驱动力,γ′相按Ostwald熟化方式长大,即大的γ′相长大,小的γ′相溶解,高温长期时效过程中无有害相析出,表明合金的组织是稳定的。     

新型Ni-Co基高温合金的显微组织特点和析出相热力学计算

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察新型Ni-Co基高温合金的铸态组织,采用JMatPro软件在平衡和非平衡凝固条件下对该合金进行热力学计算,研究了合金的相析出特点。结果表明：试验合金呈现枝晶形貌,偏析严重,主要组织为γ′相、η相、γ/γ′共晶组织以及MC碳化物。平衡凝固条件下,试验合金的主要析出相为γ′、η、μ、σ、碳化物以及硼化物;钛和铝含量增加导致γ′相析出量增加,析出温度升高;η相析出温度和析出量随钛含量增加呈线性增加。在非平衡凝固过程中,钛、钼元素富集在液相中,而铝、铬、钴和钨元素在液相中贫乏。     

高温热暴露时FGH97粉末高温合金中γ′相的演变及其定量表征

对FGH97粉末高温合金进行650℃保温不同时间的热暴露试验,采用扫描电镜分析显微组织的演变规律,并对演变过程中的γ′相进行定量表征。结果表明:随着热暴露时间的延长,FGH97粉末高温合金中的γ′相由规则的方形、三角形变为蝶形或八角形,再变为条状、棒状等不规则形状,一部分二次γ′相出现开裂现象,同时晶内的三次γ′相数量减少;随着热暴露时间的延长,FGH97粉末高温合金中γ′相的平均等效直径先增大后减小,形状因子减小,体积分数增大,晶界处聚集的γ′相明显增多。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.