Data-aided approach to I/Q mismatch and DC offset compensation in communication receivers

A digital signal processing technique for compensating both the I/Q mismatch and the DC offset in communication receivers is derived with an emphasis on direct-conversion architectures. The I/Q mismatch and DC offset are estimated in a least-squares sense using a training sequence. Also, a group of training sequences that minimizes the mean square error of the estimate is determined. The advantages of the proposed technique are demonstrated through computer simulation.     

OFDM零中频接收机I/Q不平衡的数字估计与补偿

由于零中频接收机的优点,其已经成为未来无线终端发展的方向.但它也有固有缺陷,即引入较大的射频损伤.首先分析了I/Q不平衡的系统模型,接着推导出其在OFDM系统中对接收机的影响.提出了一种硬件容易实现的简便时域估计和补偿I/Q不平衡的算法.最后通过仿真给出了该算法的性能,仿真表明在AWGN和频率选择性衰落信道下能够明显提高接收机的误码率性能.     

一种用于短距离器件的433/868 MHz的带I/Q校准的低中频接收机

A receiver for SRDs implemented by the 0.35μm CMOS process is presented. The receiver, together with the ADC, power amplifier （PA）, frequency synthesizer and digital baseband has been integrated into a single chip solution. Low cost and low power requirements are met by optimizing the receiver architecture and circuit topology. A simple mixed-signal mode I/Q imbalance calibration circuit is proposed to enhance the IRR （image rejection ratio） so as to raise the BER. From a single 3 V power supply, the receiver consumes 5.9 mA. The measurement result shows that the receiver achieves reference sensitivity of-60 dBm and a control gain of 60 dB. The S11 reaches -20 dB at 433 MHz and -10 dB at 868 MHz without off-chip impedance match network. The die area is only 2 mm^2 including the bias circuit.     

I/Q mismatch compensation using adaptive decorrelation in a low-IF receiver in 90-nm CMOS process

We present a single multiplier based adaptive I/Q mismatch compensation circuit for narrowband quadrature receivers. Adaptive decorrelation between I and Q channel data is used for correcting gain and phase mismatches. Adaptation step size is computed from L/sub 1/-norm inverse power measurement and a gear-shifting mechanism is used that allows fast initial convergence and slow adaptation on actual burst data. Image rejection ratio in excess of 50 dB is reported for GSM receiver after compensation allowing the receiver to use IF frequencies higher than half of the channel bandwidth. The presented mismatch compensation circuit is implemented as part of a single-chip GSM wireless transceiver fabricated in a 90-nm digital CMOS process. The presented techniques are, however, equally applicable to other narrowband packet-based applications.     

基于LS的OFDM零中频接收机IQ不平衡数字补偿技术

零中频接收机已成为未来无线终端发展潮流,但是零中频的结构会引入较大的射频损伤;本文首先介绍了射频I/Q不平衡时对高斯以及频率选择性信道下OFDM接收机性能的影响;通过特殊导频设计,解耦合I、Q路的相互影响;如此可以方便地估计和补偿射频I/Q不平衡对高斯以及频率选择性信道的影响。仿真表明本文所示方法大大提高了OFDM零中频接收机的性能。     

一种用于低中频WiMAX接收机中带宽可调的Gm-C型复数滤波器

This paper presents a reconfigurable fifth-order complex G_m-C filter for different data rates in low-IF WiMAX applications.The design procedure and linearized measures to realize the complex filter are described.In order to achieve the reconfigurability of bandwidth window,the center frequency and the cutoff frequency filter are adjusted simultaneously by changing capacitor values while keeping transconductors unchanged.Also,the filter integrates an on-chip automatic frequency tuning circuit based on a PLL.Experimental results show that it has an IRR of 32 dB,a THD of -43 dB,and an input-referred noise of 21μVrms.The chip is fabricated in 0.13μm CMOS process,occupies 0.7×1 mm~2,and consumes 4.8 mA current from a 1.2 V power supply.     

GLCP OFDM systems with I/Q imbalance

In this work, a grouped linear constellation precoded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (GLCP OFDM) system, with the transceiver in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance operating over frequency-selective fading channels are studied. A new subcarrier grouping scheme in such a system is proposed. Through analysis and simulations, we demonstrate that with the proposed scheme, low-complexity solutions can be developed to mitigate I/Q imbalance, and provide a performance comparable to (or better than) the optimal subcarrier grouping scheme with no I/Q imbalance.     

An adaptive matched filter that compensates for I,Q mismatch errors

An approach to adaptively match filter the I and Q components of complex-valued inputs consisting of a desired signal embedded in correlated external noise is presented. This approach is tolerant of I,Q mismatch errors, i.e., the external noise is effectively rejected and the desired signal enhanced in the presence of significant receiver I,Q errors. I,Q adaptive weighting removes many of the deleterious effects of I,Q quadrature detection imbalance, which can severely limit the adaptive matched filter (AMF) performance. However, for the I,Q AMF, the unknown desired signal's initial phase complicates the design procedure and even for a reasonable design criterion, the AMF performance can fluctuate significantly as a function of this phase. An I,Q AMF technique whose performance is almost phase invariant is developed, and example of its utility is shown     

Advanced methods for I/Q imbalance compensation in communicationreceivers

I/Q signal processing is widely utilized in today's communication receivers. However, all I/Q processing receiver structures, such as the low-IF receiver, face a common problem of matching the amplitudes and phases of the I and Q branches. In practice, imbalances are unavoidable in the analog front-end, which results in finite and usually insufficient rejection of the image frequency band. This causes the image signal to appear as interference on top of the desired signal. We carry out general signal analysis of an imbalanced I/Q processing receiver and propose novel methods for I/Q imbalance compensation using baseband digital signal processing. A simple structure for compensation is derived, based on a traditional adaptive interference canceller. Improved image rejection can also be obtained by using more advanced blind source separation techniques. Theoretical analysis of the performance of the proposed imbalance compensation structures is presented. In addition, some simulation results are provided in order to further evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. The results indicate that the I/Q imbalance can be effectively compensated during the normal operation of the receiver even in the rapidly changing case, as long as a linear system model for the imbalance is valid     

I/Q mismatch calibration based on digital baseband

A novel I/Q mismatch calibration technique based on a digital baseband for a direct conversion transmitter is implemented in TSMC 0.13μm CMOS technology.The proposed technique finishes a calibration task, which only needs a calibration chain to detect mismatches and then transmit them to the digital baseband.Simulation results show that the calibrated errors of the proposed technique are less than 7%.The measurement results indicate the function of the proposed technique is correct,but the performance should be improved further.     

Low-complexity pilot-aided compensation for carrier frequency offset and I/Q imbalance

We propose a novel pilot-aided compensation scheme for carrier frequency offset (CFO) and I/Q imbalance. The proposed scheme comprises a generalized periodic pilot and a low-complexity acquisition algorithm, where the CFO and the coefficients for I/Q imbalance compensation can be obtained in explicit closed-form.     

Adaptive calibration of I and Q mismatch in quadrature receiver

The mismatch of in-phase and quadrature channels in quadrature receiver affects and constrains radar detection performance in coherent radar.It is necessary to keep the in-phase and quadrature branches symmetrical.In this letter,an adaptive method to detect imbalance parameters is derived by means of evaluating channel errors from the received signal sequences.No matter how the bias degree of the gain and phase errors in I/Q channels are ,the proposed adaptive scheme can obtain good calibration results.And the required calculations are only a few multiplications and additions.No need of a special test signal,the introduced method is simple to implement and easy to operate.     

Estimation and compensation for transmitter and receiver I/Q imbalance of full-duplex terminals

In order to reduce I/Q imbalance of the full-duplex terminal with direct-conversion transceiver,an algorithm based on self-interference signal was proposed for the estimation and compensation of I/Q imbalance in both transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx).Without the perfect transmitter or receiver for I/Q imbalance estimation,the self-interference signal from Tx chain to Rx chain was used for parameter estimation and separation,and the Tx and Rx I/Q imbalance parameters were obtained,respectively.Then the pre-compensation before transmission and the correction after receiving was processed,so that there was nearly no I/Q imbalance in this full-duplex terminal from the view of the other terminals,and the complexity of the signal processing will be reduced as a result of the absent of the I/Q imbalance estimation.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate and compensate the I/Q imbalance of the full-duplex Tx ＆ Rx terminal,and improve the overall signal quality and the system performance.     

TDD-MIMO系统中由I/Q不平衡引起的信道非互易性补偿方法

分析了I/Q不平衡引起的信道互易性丧失对系统容量的影响,提出了一种基于信道状态测量的补偿算法。该算法中基站(BS)和移动台(MS)各自对接收信道进行测量而得到上下行链路的信道状态信息(CSI),然后将2条链路的CSI汇集到BS处,BS计算出分别用于BS和MS的校准矩阵。仿真结果表明所提算法能够有效地对I/Q不平衡进行校准,使信道互易性得到保持,从而使系统容量的损失得以弥补。     

Joint estimation of the channel and I/Q imbalance for two-way relay networks

In modern day communication systems, the massive MIMO architecture plays a pivotal role in enhancing the spatial multiplexing gain, but vice versa the system energy efficiency is compromised. Consequently, resource allocation in-terms of antenna selection becomes inevitable to increase energy efficiency without having any obvious effect or compromising the system spectral efficiency. Optimal antenna selection can be performed using exhaustive search. However, for a massive MIMO architecture, exhaustive search is not a feasible option due to the exponential growth in computational complexity with an increase in the number of antennas. We have proposed a computationally efficient and optimum algorithm based on the probability distribution learning for transmit antenna selection. An estimation of the distribution algorithm is a learning algorithm which learns from the probability distribution of best possible solutions. The proposed solution is computationally efficient and can obtain an optimum solution for the real time antenna selection problem. Since precoding and beamforming are also considered essential techniques to combat path loss incurred due to high frequency communications, so after antenna selection, successive interference cancellation algorithm is adopted for precoding with selected antennas. Simulation results verify that the proposed joint antenna selection and precoding solution is computationally efficient and near optimal in terms of spectral efficiency with respect to exhaustive search scheme. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of the system is also optimized by the proposed algorithm, resulting in performance enhancement of massive MIMO systems.

     

I/Q不平衡对卫星高速数据中继系统的影响

卫星高速数传中继系统中采用QPSK调制传输高达300 Mbit/s的数据,在调制过程 中由于调制系统的不理想造成I/Q支路增益不平衡和相位不平衡,由此对传输系统的误比特 率带来影响。着重分析了卫星高速数据中继传输业务中,I/Q支路增益不平衡和相位不平衡 对误比特率带来的影响,随后对失真情况进行计算机仿真,得出可信的结果,即在高速数传业 务中,增益不平衡在±0．5 dB之内和相位不平衡在土5°之内所带来的对误比特率的影响非 常小。     

Phase error resilience to I/Q mismatch of a simplified CPM receiver

A low complexity receiver which was devised in previous papers proved there to be quasioptimum over additive gaussian noise and also showed low power penalty with flat Rayleigh fading, i.e., with random phase, and despite the fact that one of three reduced complexity blocks of that receiver relies on symmetries on signal's phase transitions. This letter analyzes the origin of that error resilience during the derivation of the metrics.     

RF power and I/Q imbalance calibration in B3G/4G MIMO-OFDM systems

Radio frequency (RF) front-end nonidealities in multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems are more serious than in single-input and single-output systems and must be calibrated. According to the effects of RF power and in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance, calibration methods for multi-input and multi-output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMC-OFDM) systems in transmitter and interference in receiver are improved, respectively, in this article. Furthermore, a calibration scheme including I/Q imbalance errors and amplitude variations is proposed and implemented in the B3G/4G time division duplex communication system. Simulation results show that the calibration algorithms are feasible, and the bit error rate (BER) performances for MIMO-OFDM systems are improved after calibrations.     

An I/Q mismatch-free switched-capacitor complex sigma-delta Modulator

This paper presents a technique to suppress the mismatch between the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) channels of a switched-capacitor complex sigma-delta modulator that is used for the analog-to-digital conversion of a real intermediate-frequency radio signal. The mismatch is suppressed through time sharing of the critical capacitors, i.e., the input sampling capacitor and the capacitor of the feedback digital-to-analog converter, between the I and Q channels. Circuit simulations verifying the proposed technique are presented.