DSSS-MIMO结构的标签延迟发射分集方法

针对频率选择性衰落多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)结构,提出在各发射天线通道引入直接序列扩频(Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum,DSSS)操作以便实现信道的矢量化,然后提出了一种标签延迟发射分集方法和相应的实现频率选择性衰落无线信道估计的盲方法.仿真结果表明了上述标签延迟发射分集方法的有效性及其信道盲估计方法的性能.     

Nakagami衰落信道上MIMO WCDMA系统的MQAM性能分析

日益增长的无线业务需求要求提高衰落信道上无线通信的频谱利用率。本文利用Q2(x)的另一种数学表达式和矩生成函数推导了Nakagami-m衰落信道上多输入多输出(MI-MO)WCDMA系统采用M进制正交幅度调制(MQAM)的平均误符号率(ASER)表达式,分析框架可以推广到开环和闭环系统发射和接收天线为任意数目的应用场合,研究了存在多址干扰下MIMOWCDMA系统的平均误符号率性能,数值计算结果表明组合发送分集和接收分集可以显著改善系统的性能。     

基于导频信道估计的MIMO同步算法

针对多输入多输出（MIMO）技术的应用需要,研究了MIMO同步算法,提出了一种基于导频和信道估计的联合同步算法。该方法运用基于二阶矩的盲估计算法进行信道估计;再把信道估计的结果用最小均方误差准则做均衡,并设计一种特别的导频来估计载波频偏并估计信道时延。在不同条件下进行仿真,分析结果表明：在复杂信道环境下算法的性能相比传统算法有显著提高,研究结果对MIMO的工程应用有较好参考意义。     

一种新的基于特征向量合并的超宽带系统分集方案

针对超宽带系统在室内环境中面临严重的多径衰落问题,通常在接收端需使用RAKE接收机来收集多径能量改善性能。该文提出了一种新的分集方案,在发送端信号进行预处理,在接收端使用RAKE合并收集多径能量,同时给出了基于信道矩阵特征值估计的最佳合并权重和时延参数估计算法。理论分析和仿真结果都表明,该算法得到的输出信噪比总是大于传统的RAKE接收机输出信噪比。     

一种四天线MIMO-SC-FDMA高精度信道估计方案

针对高速移动环境下频率色散现象以及信道容量低和系统可靠性差的问题,提出采用多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)技术与单载波频分多址(Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Acess, SC-FDMA)技术相结合的方法,设计了一种适用于四天线MIMO-SC-FDMA通信系统的高精度信道估计算法。该算法采用空时编码(Spatial Time Block Code, STBC)与时间切换传输分集(Time Switched Transimit Diversity, TSTD)结合的STBC-TSTD分集编码技术,选择自然插值方案,在离散傅里叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform, DFT)信道估计方法的基础上设计了一种利用频域加权来提高信道估计精度的高精度信道估计算法,减小了频率色散现象影响,提升了信道容量和系统可靠性,通过仿真分析验证了所提算法的有效性。     

时延约束条件下MIMO多接入信道传输策略和功率分配

本文分析了时延约束条件下多输入多输出(MIMO)多接入信道的发送优化问题，利用标准优化方法，给出了多用户的传输策略和功率分配方案，具体分两步考虑：第一步通过应用顺序译码方法，给出每个用户基于干扰回避的分布式优化预编码字；第二步对每个用户进行单用户信道的注水功率分配．同时应用MMSE(Minimum Mean Square Error)接收结构结合串行干扰消除技术，给出了一种基于独立SINR(Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio)准则的次优功率分配方案．数值结果表明，给出的最优传输和次优传输策略性能非常相近，可以显著提高时延约束条件下系统的性能和容量．     

基于导频的发射分集OFDM系统的子空间跟踪信道估计

由于发射分集技术可以大大提高系统的抗衰落性能,因此得到了广泛的研究和应用。该文提出了3种基于导频的发射分集正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的子空间幅度跟踪信道估计方法,并分析比较了其估计性能。利用信道传播时延慢变和衰落幅度快变的特点,通过对多径信道的时延子空间和衰落幅度的跟踪,可以部分消除信道估计过程中噪声的影响,大大提高信道估计精度。在信道阶数已知或使用相同秩估计方法的情况下,第3种方法的运算复杂度最低, 性能最好;第1种方法次之,性能最差;第2种方法由于需要进行DFT和IDFT,运算复杂度最高。仿真结果表明,3种子空间幅度跟踪信道估计方法在410-3 误码率时可以提高系统误码率性能1～2 dB左右。     

V-BLAST OFDM系统的频率选择性信道盲估计

研究下行频率选择性衰落环境中垂直分层空时正交频分复用(V-BLAST OFDM)系统的信道盲估计问题。为V-BLAST OFDM系统提出了一种新颖的贴标签型延迟分集结构。该结构能够巧妙赋予V-BLAST OFDM系统以旋转不变性性质。利用上述旋转不变性，进一步为下行V-BLAST OFDM系统提出了一种多输入多输出(MIMO)频率选择性无线信道的盲估计方法。仿真结果表明了新颖贴标签型延迟分集结构的有效性和信道盲估计方法的性能。     

非频率选择性衰落MIMO信道上基于序列蒙特卡罗的数字调制识别方法

该文针对非频率选择性衰落多输入多输出(MIMO)信道提出了一种基于序列蒙特卡罗(SMC)方法的幅度-相位调制方式识别方法。首先将MIMO系统等效为一个动态状态空间模型,然后利用序列重要性采样和模式转移步骤估计每根发送天线采用的各种可能调制方式的概率,最后利用各个信道上发送符号的不相关性在长为N的观测信道上进行噪声平均。该方法能够在识别数字调制方式的同时估计发送数据符号。其复杂度是信道观测长度、发送天线数、采样大小、调制星座大小的线性函数。仿真结果表明提出的数字调制识别方法在各种调制星座上具有良好的性能。     

TDD系统中不准确的CSI对MISO传输的影响

在时分工(TDD)多输入单输出(MISO)系统中,发送机通过信道估计获得信道状态信息(CSI),根据信道互易性可用其计算发送波束成形(TBF)的加权向量.然而,由于信道估计和TDD的收发机时延,CSI可能会不准确.通过推导接收机误比特率(BER)与CSI的闭合表达关系,分析了不准确的CSI对接收机性能的影响.最后用数值仿真验证了性能分析的正确性.     

Impact of diversity reception on fading channels with codedmodulation. I. Coherent detection

We address the problem of designing and analyzing the performance of a coded modulation scheme for the fading channel when space diversity is used. Under fairly general conditions, a channel affected by fading can be turned into an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel by increasing the number of diversity branches. Consequently, it can be expected (and is indeed verified by our analyses and simulations) that a coded modulation scheme designed to be optimal for the AWGN channel also will perform asymptotically well on a fading channel with diversity. This paper presents bounds on the bit-error probability of a system with coded modulation and diversity for space- and time-correlated Rician flat fading. Specifically, we derive a new method which allows evaluation of the pairwise error probability extremely easily, as well as accurately and computationally fast. The accuracy achieved improves considerably on the widely used, but rather loose Chernoff bound. Starting from this analysis, we study the asymptotic behavior of the fading channel with diversity as the number of diversity branches increases, and we address the effects of diversity on coded modulation performance and design criteria, including the effect on interleaver depth (which affects the total delay of the system)     

Achieving Full Frequency and Space Diversity in Wireless Systems via BICM, OFDM, STBC, and Viterbi Decoding

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is known as an efficient technique to combat frequency-selective channels. In this paper, we show that the combination of bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) and OFDM achieves the full frequency diversity offered by a frequency-selective channel with any kind of power delay profile (PDP), conditioned on the minimum Hamming distance dfree of the convolutional code. This system has a simple Viterbi decoder with a modified metric. We then show that by combining such a system with space-time block coding (STBC), one can achieve the full space and frequency diversity of a frequency-selective channel with N transmit and M receive antennas. BICM-STBC-OFDM achieves the maximum diversity order of NML over L-tap frequency-selective channels regardless of the PDP of the channel. This latter system also has a simple Viterbi decoder with a properly modified metric. We verify our analytical results via simulations, including channels employed in the IEEE 802.11 standards     

Full-rate full-diversity space-frequency codes with optimum coding advantage

A general space-frequency (SF) block code structure is proposed that can guarantee full-rate (one channel symbol per subcarrier) and full-diversity transmission in multiple-input multiple-output-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. The proposed method can be used to construct SF codes for an arbitrary number of transmit antennas, any memoryless modulation and arbitrary power-delay profiles. Moreover, assuming that the power-delay profile is known at the transmitter, we devise an interleaving method to maximize the overall performance of the code. We show that the diversity product can be decomposed as the product of the "intrinsic" diversity product, which depends only on the used signal constellation and the code design, and the "extrinsic" diversity product, which depends only on the applied interleaving method and the power delay profile of the channel. Based on this decomposition, we propose an interleaving strategy to maximize the "extrinsic" diversity product. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed SF codes outperform the previously existing codes by about 3-5 dB, and that the proposed interleaving method results in about 1-3-dB performance improvement compared to random interleaving.     

高速移动通信系统中OTFS信道估计算法研究

针对高速移动环境中双色散信道会出现信道估计可靠性下降的问题,该文在正交时频空(OTFS)调制系统的输入-输出模型中提出一种基于压缩感知的信道估计算法。该算法利用信道中最大多普勒频移和最大时延确定导频发送矩阵的大小,相比传统的正交匹配追踪(OMP)信道估计算法,能够在保证相似信道估计准确度的情况下节省导频资源;并在此基础上,对OTFS调制符号做相位旋转,增加差分矩阵的秩,理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方案能够提升OTFS系统的分集阶数进而降低噪声的干扰。     

A space-time coding modem for high-data-rate wirelesscommunications

This paper presents the theory and practice of a new advanced modem technology suitable for high-data-rate wireless communications and presents its performance over a frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channel. The new technology is based on space-time coded modulation (STCM) with multiple transmit and/or multiple receive antennas and orthogonal pilot sequence insertion (O-PSI). In this approach, data is encoded by a space-time (ST) channel encoder and the output of the encoder is split into N streams to be simultaneously transmitted using N transmit antennas. The transmitter inserts periodic orthogonal pilot sequences in each of the simultaneously transmitted bursts. The receiver uses those pilot sequences to estimate the fading channel. When combined with an appropriately designed interpolation filter, accurate channel state information (CSI) can be estimated for the decoding process. Simulation results of the proposed modem, as applied to the IS-136 cellular standard, are presented. We present the frame error rate (FER) performance results as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the maximum Doppler frequency, in the presence of timing and frequency offset errors. Simulation results show that for a 10% FER, a 32-state eight-phase-shift keyed (8-PSK) ST code with two transmit and two receive antennas can support data rates up to 55.8 kb/s on a 30-kHz channel, at an SNR of 11.7 dB and a maximum Doppler frequency of 180 Hz. Simulation results for other codes and other channel conditions are also provided. We also compare the performance of the proposed STCM scheme with delay diversity schemes and conclude that STCM can provide significant SNR improvement over simple delay diversity     

Performance of a TDM/TDMA portable radio link for interference,noise, and delay spread impairments

Presents the measured/simulated performance of a time division multiplexing/time division multiple access (TDM/TDMA) portable radio link for noise, interference and delay spread impairments. The radio link transmits short TDMA bursts of 82 symbols at 450 kbits/sec using 4QAM. This modulation is also referred to 4PSK, but phase shift modulation is constant envelope. Nyquist filtering of quadrature signal components yields quadrature amplitude modulation which, of course, also contains π/2 phase variations at the sampling instants. Demodulation is performed by a low-overhead digital coherent demodulator with 2-branch selection diversity. The port or base has two receivers for diversity but the portable or handset uses only a single receiver to perform selection diversity. Signal-to-noise ratio and signal-to-interference ratio performance of the link was measured for a stationary channel and for a channel with different fading rates. In a Rayleigh fading environment, increasing the fading rate causes only a small performance degradation. The results also show that selection diversity is effective against interference in a slow Rayleigh fading environment. A separate set of experiments were performed to measure the effects of delay-spread on the link. Selection diversity is effective in reducing the word-error ratio floor caused by frequency-selective fading. As a result, relatively high data rates can be supported by a multipath fading channel without using adaptive equalization. Thus, a portable radio communications system using low complexity hardware design incorporating selection diversity can achieve good performance     

Unitary matrix modulation with splitting over the coherence bandwidth for OFDM in a single antenna system

Recently, unitary matrix modulation (UMM) has been investigated in multiple antenna systems which is called unitary space‐time modulation (USTM). In an OFDM, different channel delay profiles and path strengths bring different frequency selective patterns. Therefore, OFDM system can potentially provide a diversity at the frequency selective fading due to the different channel delay profiles. When we consider only the diagonal components of UMM with splitting over the coherence bandwidth, the system can obtain a frequency diversity in a single antenna, since the channel response of the diagonal components of UMM that split over the coherence bandwidth shows to be totally different. In this paper, we propose the diagonal components of UMM/OFDM with splitting over the coherence bandwidth (UMM‐S/OFDM) in a single antenna. The proposed system can obtain the frequency diversity with splitting the diagonal components of UMM/OFDM over the coherence bandwidth. Therefore, the proposed system with a single antenna can obtain good BER performance like the USTM/OFDM with two antennas. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Space-time signaling for high data rates in EDGE

Several space-time coding and processing techniques have been introduced in the literature for enhancing the capacity of wireless systems through antenna diversity or spatial multiplexing. We study the application of such techniques to an adaptive coded modulation system in multipath channels with intersymbol interference. One of the key requirements for application of these schemes is the use of appropriate training symbols for channel estimation at the receiver. We determine the training requirements for coherent receiver operation when multiple transmit antennas are used. We show that for the special case of the delay diversity scheme, transmitting the same training sequence from the two antennas is optimal. For more general schemes, we present training sequences that have good auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties that can be used in a practical system such as Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution (EDGE). We present detailed link level simulations that include channel estimation for the proposed schemes. We then determine the system throughput that is achieved for packet data with ideal link adaptation for deployment scenarios with 1/3, 3/9, 4/12, and 7/21 frequency reuse. We conclude that the gains from transmit diversity are not significant when there is frequency hopping as in an EDGE system and that a factor of 3 gain in throughput can be achieved when four transmit and four receive antennas are available using simple space-time transmission and receiver processing.     

On the delay performance in multi-antenna wireless networks using contention-based feedback

When a spread spectrum contention-based feedback channel is employed, it has been shown that most of the multiuser diversity gain can be maintained without any delay constraint. To address the delay in sending packets, we investigate how a spread spectrum contention-based feedback channel affects the delay and throughput performance. Using large deviations techniques, we show that most of the multiuser diversity gain can be maintained while satisfying a delay constraint in which the probability that the maximum delay of any bits in any users? queues is less than a specified value. In addition, we show that the spectral efficiency improves as the number of users increases while maintaining a fixed normalized maximum delay (which is defined as the ratio of the maximum delay and the number of users) as the number of users increases.     

Obtaining full-diversity space-frequency codes from space-time codes via mapping

This paper considers the problem of space-frequency code design for frequency-selective multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. We show that space-time codes achieving full diversity in quasistatic flat fading environment can be used to construct space-frequency codes that can achieve the maximum diversity available in frequency-selective MIMO fading channels. Since the codes are constructed via a simple mapping from space-time codes to space-frequency codes, the abundant classes of existing space-time block and trellis codes can be used for full diversity transmission in MIMO-OFDM systems. The proposed mapping provides a tradeoff between the achieved diversity order and the symbol rate. Moreover, we characterize the performance of the space-frequency codes obtained via the mapping by finding lower and upper bounds on their coding advantages as functions of the coding advantages of the underlying space-time codes. This result will allow us to investigate the effects of the delay distribution and the power distribution of the channel impulse responses on the performance of the resulting space-frequency codes. Extensive simulation results are also presented to illustrate and support the theory.