有机蒙脱土的制备及表征

利用实验室常规条件,分别采用十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵(TTAB)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和蒙脱土(MMT)制备有机蒙脱土(OMMT).X-射线衍射(XRD)表明:季铵盐阳离子进入到了MMT晶片层问,MMT晶片层被撑开,在用量为100～150 mmol/100 g MMT时,由DTAB、TTAB、CTAB制备的OMMT的衍射角0和层间距d(001)分别为2.43-2.45°、2.41～2.43°、2.24～2.28°和1.803-1.819 nm、1.819-1.833nm、1.938～1.973 nm,比MMT的0 3.50°和d(001)1.263 nm大为改善;傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)表明,MMT和.DDAB、TTAB、CTAB之间没有化学键合作用,只有物理作用.     

高去油率浸泡粉的研制

利用表面活性剂、无机助剂等原料,制备了一种洗涤用浸泡粉。选用烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)和烷基糖苷(APG)构成复配表面活性剂体系。研究确定了表面活性剂的用量范围,通过正交试验得到较优复配表面活性剂配比。实验结果表明,按w(LAS)∶w(AES)∶w(DTAB)∶w(APG)=40∶20∶1∶15复配制得的浸泡粉,去油率达98.0%。     

硫酸铵-碘化钾-十二烷基三甲基溴化铵-水体系浮选分离镉(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了硫酸铵一碘化钾-十二烷基三甲基溴化铵-水体系浮选分离镉(Ⅱ)的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件.结果表明,当固体(NH4)2SO4用量为1.0g,0.10mol/L碘化钾溶液和5.0×10-3mol/L十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)溶液的用量均为1.0mL时,体系中形成的不溶于水的三元缔合物(DTAB)2(Cdl4)可浮于盐水相上形成界面清晰的两相,从而Cd2 被定量浮选,而Zn2 、Mn2 、Ni2 、Co2 、Fe2 、Al3 等在此条件下不被浮选,实现了Cd3 与这些离子的定量分离,据此建立了浮选分离镉(Ⅱ)的方法.该方法对合成水样中微量镉进行了定量浮选分离,浮选率为97.1%～103.0%.     

甲醇柴油微乳液制备及稳定性的实验研究

复配油酸,二乙醇胺,span80,op-4四种表面活性剂,将其加入到加甲醇柴油混合体系中,制备甲醇柴油微乳液,并采用正交试验方法与粘度指数法,考察了制备温度,搅拌时间,搅拌速度,助表面活性剂用量,甲醇含量5种因素对甲醇柴油微乳液稳定性的影响程度。实验结果表明,当m(油酸)/m(二乙醇胺)/m(span80)/m(OP-4)=10∶2∶3∶2时,可增溶甲醇量最大,正交试验结果表明:样品粘度指数最小,50℃恒温前后的粘度变化最小,为稳定性最佳的甲醇柴油微乳液配方,显著性检验结果表明影响因素作用程度依次为:甲醇含量制备温度搅拌时间助剂用量搅拌速度。在试验温度为30℃,搅拌时间为12 min,搅拌速度为300 r/min时,添加甲醇质量分数为5%的实验条件下制备甲醇柴油微乳液。     

阴/阳离子表面活性剂自发囊泡的氧化还原响应行为研究

利用一种对氧化还原具有刺激响应的阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硒丙基硫酸钠(SDSePS)与阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)复配形成SDSePS/DTAB自发囊泡,探究了该囊泡的氧化还原可逆响应行为。结果表明,在H_2O_2的作用下,SDSePS分子中二价硒醚基团(-Se-)可以被氧化成四价硒亚砜基团(-Se=O),SDSePS/DTAB自发囊泡被瓦解成球状胶束;在Na_2SO_3的作用下,四价硒亚砜基团被还原成二价硒醚基团,SDSePS/DTAB自发囊泡再次形成;在H2O2和Na2SO3的交替作用下,SDSePS/DTAB自发囊泡可以在胶束和囊泡两种状态下可逆氧化还原循环至少10次,还原再生的SDSePS/DTAB自发囊泡的平均半径稳定在115～130 nm。     

油酸钠-离子液体微乳液对金属离子的萃取性能研究

以油酸钠作表面活性剂、正丁醇及[C14mim]Br(1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐)作助表面活性剂、煤油作油相,制备了油酸钠及油酸钠-离子液体微乳液,测定了微乳体系的电导率曲线和增溶水量.以Cu2+和Ni2+为萃取对象,研究了两种微乳体系对金属离子的萃取性能,考察了离子液体浓度、NaOH浓度、金属离子的初始浓度以及水相...     

无醇微乳化柴油的研究

采用无醇复配乳化剂,在常温下制备油包水(W/O)型微乳化柴油,并绘制柴油-乳化剂-水的拟三元相图,通过对拟三元相图分析,考察亲水亲油平衡(HLB)值对无醇微乳化剂增溶性的影响;对微乳液中的水滴粒径、表面张力进行测试,考察HLB值与掺水量对微乳液水滴粒径、表面张力的影响,并对微乳液的稳定性进行分析。结果表明:无醇复配乳化剂微乳化性能较好,乳化剂用量为10.2%时,微乳体系的增溶水量为22.1%;当复配乳化剂的HLB=7.5时,体系拟三元相图的面积最大,且制得微乳液的水滴平均粒径与表面张力最小;当乳化剂用量为5%时,含水量为12%的微乳液能保持180 d外观透明。     

表面活性剂对滑石粉的改性及在废纸脱墨废水处理中的应用

分别用十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（DTAB），十六烷基三甲基溴化胺（CTAB）和十八烷基三甲基溴化铵（OTAB）对滑石粉进行改性，研究了制备有机滑石粉的适宜条件及其对废纸脱墨废水的CODcr去除的影响。当pH=6,CTAB-滑石粉用量为15g/L，质量分数为10％的硫酸铝用量为5mL/L, 搅拌时间20min,CODCr去除率达82．1％以上。     

柴油的微乳化及其浮选应用效果研究

以正丁醇为助乳剂,选用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、失水山梨醇单油酸酯(Span80)、油酸进行两两复配得到三种复配乳化剂。在复配乳化剂的作用下将一定比例的柴油和水搅拌均匀制备出澄清、透明、均一的微乳化柴油,并进行浮选试验,试验证明,由油酸和Span80制得的复配乳化剂制成的微乳化柴油效果最佳,其复配乳化剂比例为:油酸58.14%、氨水17.44%、Span80 6.98%、正丁醇17.44%。复配乳化剂仅占微乳化柴油的5%左右,最高油水比可达1∶2.7,而且此方案浮选完善指标相比纯柴油最高可提升22%左右,在实际生产中有着极其显著的经济效益,且能减少环境污染。     

稀土铈盐Ce(SO4)2·4H2O/NH2SO3H催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

研究了柠檬酸与正丁醇在Ce(SO4)2·4H2O/NH2SO3H复配催化剂催化作用下制备柠檬酸三丁酯的工艺条件。实验结果表明Ce(SO4)2·4H2O/NH2SO3H催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯的最佳反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比为4.0∶1,催化剂用量为1.5%(以柠檬酸质量计),m[Ce(SO4)2·4H2O]∶m(NH2SO3H)=2∶1,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为7h,酯化率>98.5%,精制后产品纯度>99.5%。     

Radiation-induced admicellar polymerization of isoprene on silica: Effects of surfactant's chain length

This research compared radiation-induced admicellar polymerization with the traditional thermal process and studied the influence of the hydrocarbon chain length of different surfactants on film formation. Three types of surfactants were used in this study: dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB), tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Isoprene was used as a monomer for the formation of thin film inside the surfactant bilayers, called admicelle, adsorbed on silica surface. The results showed that an optimum dose can lead to a better film formation on silica, compared with the thermal method. However, when the dose was over the optimum value, the formation of polyisoprene film was diminished. The formation of polyisoprene film was found to depend not only on the hydrocarbon chain length of the surfactant, but also on the density of adsorbed surfactant on silica surface.     

阳离子改性蒙脱土插层脲醛树脂胶粘剂的性能研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)和CTAB/DTAB分别作为蒙脱土(MMT)的改性剂,制成了相应的有机插层剂(如CTAB-MMT、DTAB-MMT和OMMT等);然后采用复合插层法制成了压制胶合板用有机插层剂/脲醛树脂(CTAB-MMT/UF、DTAB-MMT/UF和OMMT/UF)复合胶粘剂。结果表明:OMMT的层间结构最优;当w(OMMT)=3%时,相应的OMMT/UF复合胶粘剂的综合性能最好,由其压制而成的胶合板的粘接强度和游离甲醛释放量均满足相关标准要求。     

On Plate Resolution of Three-Component Mixture of Cationic Surfactants with Mixed Aqueous-Organic Eluents Containing Formate Ion

Abstract

The chromatography of three long chain aliphatic quaternary ammonium halides (cationic surfactants) was performed on kieselguhr layers using different solvent systems. The mutual separation of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAC) was achieved with the solvent system methanol: 10% aqueous sodium formate (30:70, v/v) on kieselguhr layer. The effect of nature of alkane chain length of alcohols on the mobility of DTAB, TTAB, and HTAC and also the effect of formate ion substituted by acetate ion and benzoate ion of sodium acetate and sodium benzoate respectively on the mobility of these surfactants were studied. The effect of the nature of different adsorbents (kieselguhr, silica gel, and alumina) on the mobility of DTAB, TTAB, and HTAC was also studied. The interference of metal cations as impurities on the resolution of mixture of DTAB, TTAB, and HTAC was also examined. The limits of detection of DTAB, TTAB, and HTAC estimated were 3.3, 3.1, and 2.8 µg/zone respectively. The developed method was utilized to separate these surfactants from different spiked water samples.     

On Plate Identification of Coexisting Polyoxyethylene (20) Stearyl Ether,Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride,Tetradecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide and Polyoxyethylene (9.5) Octyl Phenyl Ether Surfactants with Preliminary Separation by Planar Chromatography

Separation studies of four surfactants (nonionic and cationic) were performed on silica high-performance thin-layer chromatographic plates with various solvent systems. The most useful chromatographic system for the mutual separation of coexisting polyoxyethylene (20) stearyl ether (C18EO20), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) and polyoxyethylene (9.5), octyl phenyl ether (OPEO9.5) was formamide + 1 M formic acid (50:50 v/v). The nature of ‘H’ and ‘H⁺’ of formic acid (H–COO⁻H⁺) on the mobility of these surfactants was studied. The interference due to the presence of metal cations as impurities on the resolution of mixture of C18EO20, CPC, TTAB and OPEO9.5 was also examined. The limits of detection of C18EO20, CPC, TTAB and OPEO9.5 estimated were 0.0620, 0.0310, 0.0625 and 0.0312 μg/zone, respectively. The practical applicability of the proposed method was tested for the identification of four coexisting surfactants after their separation from the spiked aqueous systems.     

在两相体系中用相转移催化合成β-萘氧乙酸

应用相转移催化剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵催化β-萘酚与氯乙酸反应,合成了β-萘氧乙酸。研究结果表明,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵具有较高的催化活性。考察了β-萘酚与氯乙酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对产率的影响。在典型反应条件(β-萘酚与氯乙酸的摩尔比=1∶3,回流1.5 h)下,所得β-萘氧乙酸的产率为48.08%。     

Surfactant-assisted synthesis and luminescent properties study of LiGd(MoO4)2 phosphors

The LiGd(MoO₄)₂:Eu³⁺ phosphors were successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method followed by calcination. The effects of different dosages of the cationic surfactant dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (abbreviated as DTAB) on the luminescent properties were discussed in detail. It was found that the luminescence intensity of the sample at the optimum DTAB addition was 3.03 times higher than that without DTAB under the 465 nm excitation peak. The change of the morphology was observed by SEM and TEM, which indicated that there were many cracks on the surface of the sample at the optimal DTAB additive contents. Moreover, the average particle size of the sample at the optimum DTAB dosage is larger than that of the sample without DTAB. The lifetime of the sample with the optimum DTAB addition shorter than that without DTAB, and then the fluorescence scintillation could be reduced. Furthermore, the crystal field environment of Eu³⁺ ions were analyzed by Judd-Ofelt theory.     

一种双磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成与表面性能研究

以无水对氨基苯磺酸、1,2-二溴乙烷、溴代十二烷等为主要原料制备了双阴离子(Gemini)表面活性剂N,N’-(十二烷基二对苯磺酸钠)乙二胺(HY-12)。采用IR光谱测试技术对目标产物的结构进行了初步鉴定,并考察了无机盐对HY-12表面活性的影响。该目标产物水溶液的cmc(5.0×10-4mol/L)是十二烷基磺酸钠的1/20,在临界胶束浓度下的γcmc(27.5 mN/m)比十二烷基磺酸钠(39.0 mN/m)低11.5 mN/m。目标产物与十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)复配产生了较好的协同效应。     

PA/PEG交联共聚反渗透膜的制备及耐污染性能

以聚丙烯腈（PAN）超滤膜为基底,在均苯三甲酰氯（TMC）和间苯二胺（MPD）界面聚合反应过程中引入聚乙二醇（PEG）,制备聚酰胺（PA）/PEG反渗透复合膜。利用傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）等对膜的结构和物化性质进行了表征。考察了PEG分子量、PEG加入量、热处理温度及时间对膜反渗透性能的影响,并系统考察了膜对十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（DTAB）以及牛血清蛋白（BSA）三种不同荷电性典型污染物的耐受性能。实验结果表明,相比于未改性的PA反渗透膜,PEG交联共聚反渗透膜的盐截留率和通量恢复率均有所提高。其中PA/PEG1000-0.1膜渗透通量为3.96kg/(m²?h),NaCl表观截留率为97.5%,并且对于SDS、DTAB和BSA都表现出较高的耐污染性,其中,SDS污染清洗后膜的通量恢复率可达89.4%。     

有机粘土／SBR纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和十八烷基三甲基溴化铵（STAB）分别对无机粘土进行有机改性,然后制备有机粘上／SBR纳米复合材料,研究不同季铵盐类改性剂对无机粘土的改性效果。结果表明：CTAB改性有机粘土与STAB改性有机粘土的片层间距分别从无机粘土的1．26nm增加到3．77nm和4．39nm;CTAB改性有机粘土的片层结构较稳定,而且在橡胶基体中的分散效果较好;所制备的有机粘土／SBR纳米复合材料的片层结构较多,力学性能较好。     

Effects of Dodecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide Surfactant on Decolorization of Remazol Blue by a Living Aspergillus versicolor Strain

The effect of dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) cationic surfactant on Remazol Blue reactive dye bioremoval properties of a growing Aspergillus versicolor strain in a molasses medium was investigated in a batch system as a function of pH, dye and surfactant concentrations. To determine the optimal pH value in the presence of 0.5?mM DTAB pH 3 to 7 was examined and pH 6 was selected. The dye concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800?mg/L were examined with 0.5?mM DTAB and maximum decolorization occurred in 100?mg/L dye (98.8?%). The surfactant concentration of 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2?mM DTAB was performed in 100 and 800?mg/L dye. The effect of surfactant concentration (0.1 to 2?mM DTAB) in a fungal growth experiment has shown that DTAB inhibited fungal growth. The decolorization was increased from 53.6?% (dry weight: 1.31?g/L) to 100?% (dry weight:0.93?g/L) while the surfactant concentrations were increased from 0.1 to 1?mM. A. versicolor (dry weight: 0.93?g/L) showed its maximum dye removal activity, namely 100?% in 100?mg/L dye with 1?mM DTAB at pH 6 in 3?days. The use of surfactants in biological wastewater treatment process will save energy and lower energy costs (such as the required energy for treat techniques) by shortening the incubation period. The results showed that the A. versicolor strain, which produces laccase enzyme, can effectively decolorize reactive dyes by the enhancement of DTAB. Surfactant enhanced decolorization technology is one of the feasible approaches to remove textile dye from wastewater.