基于离散粒子群优化的多用户MIMO用户选择*

为了在降低计算复杂度的同时获得良好的性能,给出了一种基于离散粒子群优化的多用户MIMO用户选择方法.该方法基于sum-MSE预编码,所支持的用户数目取决于接收方的子流数之和,改变了传统的用户选择方法支持的用户接收天线数之和不大于发送天线数的限制.当移动台子流个数小于接收天线数时,所研究的用户选择方法可以增加同时服务的用户个数,获得更高的系统和容量.仿真结果表明,该方法能够在系统性能和复杂度之间进行良好的折中.     

分布式MIMO系统容量最优的预编码设计

针对分布式多入多出(MIMO)系统各天线功率无法共享的问题,基于分布式MIMO系统各天线功率受限的假设,提出容量准则下的最优预编码矩阵设计方案。采用Lagrange对偶优化的方法,将原优化问题转化为其对偶问题,给出求解预编码矩阵的迭代算法流程,以及在不同天线配置和容量准则下的信号发射策略。仿真结果表明,在发射天线数目多于接收天线数目时或信道矩阵缺秩时,该迭代算法求得的预编码矩阵的容量性能优于已有次优解析解。     

多用户MIMO系统中的一种低复杂度用户选择算法

联合块对角化和几何均值分解(BD-GMD)是一种用于下行多用户多输入多输出(MU-MIMO)系统的预编码方案。在信噪比(SNR)较高的情况下,此方案在信道吞吐量和误符号率(SER)两方面都是渐进最优的。但是,在BD-GMD方案中,发射和接收天线的数量限制了能同时通信的用户数。在一个拥有大量用户的下行MU-MIMO系统中,为了使得系统总的吞吐量最大,基站必须从大量的用户中选出一个用户子集,同时对他们进行服务。采用穷尽搜索算法能得到最优的用户子集,但这种方法所需要的计算量太大。因此,提出了一种次最优但是计算复杂度较低的用户选择算法,用于采用BD-GMD方案的下行MU-MIMO系统。此算法具有随用户数变化的线性复杂度,另外,仿真结果显示,其总的吞吐量大致能达到采用穷尽搜索算法所获得的系统总吞吐量的95%。     

一种新的基于泄漏的多用户MIMO预编码

针对多用户MIMO基本SLNR预编码算法在发送天线数小于接收天线数之和时性能恶化的情况,考虑到接收滤波矩阵对泄漏功率的抑制作用,定义了一种新的信漏噪比形式,并基于信漏噪比最大准则,建立了一种最优发送预编码矩阵和接收滤波矩阵的联合设计方案。与基本SLNR算法相比,所给出的算法可以充分利用接收方的富裕空间进一步提高系统性能,增加系统支持的用户数目。仿真结果表明,当接收天线总数大于发送天线数时,只要子流数之和小于发送天线数,所给出的新算法依然具有非常优良的平均误比特率性能以及系统的和容量性能。     

多用户MIMO系统的一种低复杂度用户选择算法

联合块对角化和几何均值分解（BD-GMD）是一种用于下行多用户多输入多输出（MU-MIMO）系统的预编码方案。在信噪比（SNR）较高的情况下,此方案在信道吞吐量和误符号率（SER）两方面都是渐进最优的。但是,在BD-GMD方案中,发射和接收天线的数量限制了能同时通信的用户数。在一个拥有大量用户的下行MU-MIMO系统中,为了使得系统总的吞吐量最大,基站必须从大量的用户中选出一个用户子集,同时对他们进行服务。采用穷尽搜索算法能得到最优的用户子集,但这种方法所需要的计算量太大。因此,我们提出一种次最优但是计算复杂度较低的用户选择算法,用于采用BD-GMD方案的下行MU-MIMO系统。此算法具有随用户数变化的线性复杂度,另外,仿真结果显示,其总的吞吐量大致能达到采用穷尽搜索算法所获得的系统总吞吐量的95％。     

CoMP系统中的天线选择与预编码联合算法

针对大规模多输入多输出系统天线数量过多使得预编码算法计算量增加的问题,提出一种基于协作的天线选择与预编码联合算法。该算法通过降低小区间和用户间干扰,避免传统预编码算法对信道矩阵求逆运算时因天线数量增加使得复杂度提高。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与迫零预编码算法、最小均方误差预编码算法和基于信漏噪比最大化的预编码算法相比,天线选择和预编码联合算法不仅能更好地提高系统的信道容量,而且能够降低预编码算法复杂度。     

室内可见光多用户MIMO系统改进BD预编码算法

块对角化(block diagonalization, BD)算法是一种多输入多输出的传统线性预编码算法,其核心思想是通过奇异值分解(singular value decomposition, SVD)找到干扰矩阵零空间的正交基,从而完全消除多用户干扰(multiuser interference, MUI),但是随着收发端数目的增多, BD预编码算法所需的计算复杂也大大增加,成为了制约其发展的关键因素之一.为此,本文提出了一种改进的低复杂度BD算法——基于正交分解中的施密特正交化求逆与格基规约操作的组合算法,对传统BD算法两次高复杂度操作的奇异值分解用施密特正交化和格基规约操作进行替换,从而降低算法复杂度.结果表明,本文改进算法的计算复杂度上降低了46.7%,系统和容量上得到了2–10 bits/Hz的提高,同时误码率上得到了2个量级的优化.     

基于子空间MIMO-OFDM系统信道估计

基于子空间的MIMO-OFDM系统的传统盲信道估计算法是在发射天线数目小于或等于接收天线数目的情况下进行的,对于接收天线的数目小于发射天线的数目的无法实现.提出了一种"虚拟接收天线"技术来解决传统信道估计中无法解决的问题.此外,还采用了空时分组编码,来提高系统的估计性能.由matlab仿真结果看出,采用的"虚拟接收天线技术"解决了天线数目问题,即突破了系统应用的局限性,空时编码技术的应用提高了系统的性能.简单讨论了发射天线数目对系统性能的影响,为进一步研究多输入多输出系统模型提供了有益的参考.     

一种基于SLNR预编码的天线与用户联合选择算法*

针对在多用户MIMO系统中天线与用户联合选择算法复杂度高的问题,依据SLNR预编码算法特点,提出了一种基于SLNR预编码的天线与用户联合选择算法。分析了天线与用户选择顺序对基于SLNR预编码算法的多用户MIMO系统性能影响,给出了先天线后用户的次最优选择策略。所提算法首先为每个用户选取最优的单天线,再利用贪婪思想进行用户选择。仿真结果表明,所提算法与穷举算法相比和容量性能在020 dB的信噪比范围内损失均保持在1.6 dB左右;而误比特性能与穷举法相比在10-3有2 dB左右损失,但是所提算法复杂度与穷举法相比下降明显。     

大规模MIMO系统中基于Lanczos方法的低复杂度预编码

针对大规模MIMO系统中因基站天线数与用户数过大导致迫零(ZF)预编码矩阵求逆复杂度较高的问题,提出一种基于迭代子空间投影算法的Lanczos方法低复杂度预编码方案。根据大规模MIMO系统信道矩阵具有对角占优特性,将信道大矩阵求逆诺依曼级数的第1项作为迭代的初始值,从而加快算法的收敛速度,使得ZF预编码的复杂度从O(K~3)降低到O(K~2)。仿真结果表明,该算法以较快的收敛速度逼近传统ZF预编码方案的信道容量与误码率性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.