Corex炼铁法的现状及发展前景

叙述Ｃｏｒｅｘ炼铁法的发展现状，存在问题及前景，并对Ｃｏｒｅｘ工艺与传统的高炉工艺，全氧高炉工艺（ＦＯＢＦ）及平衡氧高炉工艺（ＢＯＢＦ）进行了技术经济评价。     

关于高炉炼铁工艺和熔融还原炼铁工艺的评述

钢铁工业面临自然资源和环保要求的限制以及质量和市场竞争的挑战，必将出现大量新工艺、新工艺。现代高炉炼铁工艺具有高效、低能耗、工艺完善等优势，但存在在对原燃料要求越来越苛刻的弱点。熔融还原工艺，特别是Ｃｏｒｅｘ法的工业性生产引人注目，由于它不具备替代现代高炉工艺的必要条件，且工艺尚未完全成熟，预计在相当长时间内高炉不会被淘汰。我国炼铁工作者应大力发展和强化喷吹煤粉技术，抓好现有高炉技术改造，同时积极     

德美开发用石油焦炭作燃料的Corex工艺

德美开发用石油焦炭作燃料的Ｃｏｒｅｘ工艺德国ＤＶＡＩ和美国帕克德公司合作开发和销售用石油焦炭作燃料取代煤的Ｃｏｒｅｘ工艺。在安装有年产近１００万ｔ的Ｃｏｒｅｘ２０００型设备的炼钢厂，若用石油焦炭炼铁，每吨铁可节省２０～４０美元。两公司能在Ｃｏｒｅｘ装...     

用COREX输出煤气生产直接还原铁

将Ｃｏｒｅｘ输出煤气用于直接还原铁（ＤＲＩ）的生产是该气体的最佳用途。该方案在技术上是可行的。其中ＣＯ２的脱除方法已成熟并有多种选择。据推断，煤气加热时不会产生严重析碳，所以不影响加热和还原。ＣＯ２脱除量大、产品碳含量高、还原速率下降及入口温度上升是还原工艺的主要特点。ＨＹＬⅢ工艺比Ｍｉｄｒｅｘ工艺更适于使用Ｃｏｒｅｘ输出煤气。用Ｃｏｒｅｘ输出煤气作还原气时能耗比使用天然气时高。     

钢铁企业结构优化的经济性问题

钢铁企业结构优化的目的是最佳经济效益，它又受资源条件影响。本文结合中国资源条件，分析了资源条件对高炉流程，Ｃｏｒｅｘ流程和电炉流程的影响。     

Corex／直接还原／电炉—工艺路线：原料高度循环利用的炼？…

Ｃｏｒｅｘ装置／直接还原设备／电弧炉已成为原料高度循环利用的炼钢方案方面的范例。这种电炉炼钢方式只采用铁水、海绵铁与厂内主废钢。不久关抽产的南非萨坦哈炼钢厂就是这种完全不采用外来废钢炼钢的例证。该厂采用不同方法对所生成的炼钢副产品进行预处理：粉尘与矿泥造粒后或投入Ｃｏｒｅｘ熔化气化炉,或用于水泥工业。氧化铁皮与粉矿一并压块后,与块矿和球团给入Ｃｏｒｅｘ装置的还原竖炉内。Ｃｏｒｅｘ炉渣与高炉炉渣成分     

Corex熔融还原炼铁对环境的影响

Ｃｏｒｅｘ熔融还原炼铁工艺是以矿石为原料和以煤代焦，省略了传统炼铁工艺的烧结和炼焦两个工序，消除了这两个工序对环境的污染。将工艺本身排出的污染物及其排放量和洗涤水中污染物的含量同传统工艺的作了比较，从而证明了采用Ｃｏｒｅｘ熔融还原炼铁工艺是建设“清洁”钢铁厂的理想选择。     

熔融还原炼铁新工艺的现状及前景

概述了熔融还原的定义、产生的原因、研究开发现状；各种熔融还原工艺的特点、分类及存在的问题。Ｃｏｒｅｘ法已投入工业化生产，本文对该工艺作了重点报道。     

美国杰尼瓦公司拟建C－3000Corex设备

美国杰尼瓦公司拟建Ｃ－３０００Ｃｏｒｅｘ设备美国杰尼瓦钠公司与空气制品和化学制品有限公司及ｃｅｎｔｅｒｉｏｒ能源公司计划合建Ｃ－３０００Ｃｏｒｅｘ装置，计划日产３０００ｔ铁水．并利用Ｃｏｒｅｘ煤气发电，日发电２５０ＭＷ，预计１９９９年投产。该设备将由...     

粉剂铁矿在Corex工艺中的直接使用

工业规模试验表明，粉剂铁矿在Ｃｏｒｅｘ工艺中的使用，其结果是使浦项Ｃ－２００工厂 的生产能力增加了１５％。     

氧气高炉技术及炼铁工序能耗初步分析

氧气高炉(以430m^3高炉为例)综合数学模型分析计算表明,氧气高炉采用全氧鼓风、顶煤气循环及煤气加热等技术,可提高喷煤量、降低焦比、提高生产效率,其工序能耗较传统高炉相比降低6.27%。通过对氧气高炉的煤气重整能耗和生产工序能耗的分析对比,认为氧气高炉的总体综合能耗较传统高炉具有一定优势,发展氧气高炉有利于节能降耗、降低环境污染,实现可持续发展。     

COREX超大直径长距离氧气输送管道的净化处理

氧气作为一种高效的强氧化剂在冶金行业生产中被广泛使用。相对氧气的危险性质,对氧气输送设备管线投运前的净化处理显得极为重要。八钢COREX炉是新型的炼铁系统,采用的是纯度≥98%的氧气作为主要冶炼能源。冶炼生产的连续性工艺,要求氧气介质能够稳定长距离高压输送。文章介绍了八钢COREX炉使用的大管径、长距离输送氧气的管道清洁工程实践。     

Top gas recycling blast furnace developments for ‘green’ and sustainable ironmaking

Abstract

The ultralow CO₂ steelmaking blast furnace process (ULCOS-BF) aims at minimising the CO₂ emissions of the BF by at least 50%. This process is based on the replacement of hot blast by oxygen, the recycling of hot decarbonated top gas into the lower shaft and normal hearth tuyeres, and the capture of CO₂ and its storage in a geological trap (full CO₂ capture and storage process). The paper highlights the main technologies of this process and the expected benefits for CO₂ mitigation. The ULCOS-BF has been demonstrated during three campaigns of 7 weeks each by coupling the LKAB experimental BF in Luleå to a pilot vacuum pressure swing absorption unit for CO₂ removal. The concept, preparation and results of the campaigns are described.     

Status and development of mineral wool made from molten blast furnace slag

This study describes the characteristics of mineral wool and its applications,and also introduces the traditional process of mineral wool made from molten blast furnace(BF) slag.Compared with high energy consumption of the traditional process,the production of mineral wool by using molten BF slag will be able to take full advantage of the sensible heat of molten slag,and also reduce production costs.However,there are also further issues to resolve such as how to obtain the required amount of molten BF slag and how to make it homogeneous.Based on the physical and chemical properties of the molten BF slag,the investigation into the relationship between temperature and viscosity under different acidity coefficients of the slag and silicon mixture was conducted.Combined with the crystallization and phase diagram of slag wool,its heat resistance,water resistance,durability and corrosion resistance were analyzed.Finally,trends of the technology development are proposed.     

高风温低燃料比高炉冶炼工艺技术的发展前景

分析了当前高炉炼铁技术面临的形势和挑战,提出了当代高炉炼铁技术的发展目标。阐述了高风温、富氧 喷煤对高炉炼铁的意义和作用。重点分析和论述了实现高风温和高富氧大喷煤的关键技术。提高风温、提高富氧 率、增加喷煤量是降低燃料消耗、节约生产成本和实现可持续发展的重要保障。在高风温、低燃料比冶炼条件下, 当代高炉炼铁技术具有广阔的发展前景。     

Sulphur removal in ironmaking and oxygen steelmaking

Sulphur removal in the ironmaking and oxygen steelmaking process is reviewed. A sulphur balance is made for the steelmaking process of Tata Steel IJmuiden, the Netherlands. There are four stages where sulphur can be removed: in the blast furnace (BF), during hot metal (HM) pretreatment, in the converter and during the secondary metallurgy (SM) treatment. For sulphur removal a low oxygen activity and a basic slag are required. In the BF typically 90% of the sulphur is removed; still, the HM contains about 0.03% of sulphur. Different HM desulphurisation processes are used worldwide. With co-injection or the Kanbara reactor, sulphur concentrations below 0.001% are reached. Basic slag helps desulphurisation in the converter. However, sulphur increase is not uncommon in the converter due to high oxygen activity and sulphur input via scrap and additions. For low sulphur concentrations SM desulphurisation, with a decreased oxygen activity and a basic slag, is always required.     

Numerical analysis of carbon saving potential in a top gas recycling oxygen blast furnace

Aiming at the current characteristics of blast furnace(BF)process,carbon saving potential of blast furnace was investigated from the perspective of the relationship between degree of direct reduction and carbon consumption.A new relationship chart between carbon consumption and degree of direct reduction,which can reflect more real situation of blast furnace operation,was established.Furthermore,the carbon saving potential of hydrogen-rich oxygen blast furnace(OBF)process was analyzed.Then,the policy implications based on this relationship chart established were suggested.On this basis,the method of improving the carbon saving potential of blast furnace was recycling the top gas with removal of CO_2 and H_2O or increasing hydrogen in BF gas and full oxygen blast.The results show that the carbon saving potential in traditional blast furnace(TBF)is only 38-56kg·t~(-1) while that in OBF is 138kg·t~(-1).Theoretically,the lowest carbon consumption of OBF is 261kg·t~(-1)and the corresponding degree of direct reduction is 0.04.In addition,the theoretical lowest carbon consumption of hydrogen-rich OBF is 257kg·t~(-1).The modeling analysis can be used to estimate the carbon savings potential in new ironmaking process and its related CO_2 emissions.     

富氧大喷煤高炉操作线研究

高炉富氧大喷煤时,必须考虑煤气中的氢元素、煤的预热及挥发分的分解热。作者对不喷煤时高炉操作线的计算和绘制方法进行修正,推导出富氧大喷煤时高炉操作线的计算公式。应用该公式可预测富氧大喷煤条件下高炉内煤气成分、煤气量、热量分布和化学反应等的变化,以便控制这些变化带来的影响,保证高炉顺行。     

荷兰霍戈文高炉高煤比操作实践

荷兰霍戈文高炉在相当长的一段时间内煤比保持在１８０￣２００ｋｇ／ｔ，今年以来煤比又进一步提高到２１０ｋｇ／ｔ，霍戈文高炉能保持这么高的煤比生产，除了喷煤工艺及设备先进合理外，关键还在于先进的生产操作技术，诸如：合理的煤气流分布；加强炉顶布料，降低渣比，高富氧（富氧率为６％￣８％），低风速（鼓风速度控制在１９０￣２００ｍ／ｓ）；开发实用的数学模型，指导高炉操作。     

Optimisation study of ironmaking using biomass

Abstract

The economic advantage of using biomass as partial substitute for fossil reductants in the blast furnace (BF) process was studied by simulation. A thermodynamic model of the BF was used in combination with simple models of the coke plant, sinter plant, hot stoves, basic oxygen furnace and power plant. Pretreatment of the biomass before its injection in the BF is considered in a pyrolysis unit where the carbon content and heating value are raised and the oxygen content is lowered, which is beneficial for the BF. The system was optimised with respect to the price of raw steel, considering costs of raw materials, energy and CO₂ emissions of the unit processes. The study demonstrates that biomass in partially pyrolysed form is a potential auxiliary reductant and that the optimal states of operation within certain regions depend strongly on the price structure of the raw materials and emissions.