离子辅助蒸发TixOy制备氧化钛薄膜及特性

采用离子辅助沉积的方法,分别以TiO2和Ti3O5为初始膜料在K9玻璃上制备了氧化钛薄膜,并研究了离子束流密度对以Ti3O5为膜料制备的薄膜透射性能的影响.实验结果表明,热处理前薄膜都为无定形结构;热处理后有明显的锐钛矿结构(101)择优取向,以Ti3O5为初始膜料制备的薄膜吸收优于以TiO2为膜料制备的薄膜;薄膜透射率极值随束流密度增大有临界值.     

氨气热处理对TiO2自组装薄膜光催化性能的影响

利用静电自组装工艺制备了结构有序的TiO2/PSS纳米多层膜,并在不同工艺条件下对薄膜进行热处理.利用UV-Vis吸收光谱、XRD、α台阶膜厚测试仪等手段对薄膜的性能进行了表征,研究了工艺条件对薄膜光催化性能的影响.结果表明:TiO2/PSS纳米多层膜在450℃氨气气氛中热处理后具有很好的光催化性能,薄膜的响应深度约为120nm,热处理过程中氨气流量小所得薄膜光催化性能佳.     

纳米TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化特性研究

以电化学方法合成的Al2O3多孔膜为基体，采用交流电沉积的方法在膜孔中沉积纳米TiO2，制备出纳米TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜。对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜的形貌、结构和组成进行了表征；对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化甲基橙溶液进行了研究。结果表明Al2O3／TiO2复合薄膜呈现出较好的光催化活性，电沉积TiO2的时间、热处理温度、选择不同光源照射均对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化活性有一定的影响。     

具有一定取向的TiO2薄膜的研究与制备

用浸渍法将P25粉末涂敷于溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2预制膜上,进行一系列的热处理,制备TiO2薄膜样品.用X射线衍射法对样品进行晶体结构分析,发现用这种方法可以得到具有一定取向的TiO2薄膜.其结晶程度和取向度与浸渍时间和热处理时间相关,在浸渍时间为10h、热处理温度为500℃时,得到沿(101)面方向取向生长的TiO2薄膜.     

真空热处理制备β-FeSi2光电薄膜的研究

磁控溅射法沉积的Fe／Si多层膜和Fe单层膜经真空热处理后制备了β-FeSi2薄膜。[Fe1nm／Si3.2nm]60多层膜在〈880℃温度下真空热处理2h后，样品均呈现β（220）／（202）择优取向，而Fe单层膜制备的样品则易形成β-FeSi2与ε-FeSi相的混合物，且取向杂乱。在920℃真空热处理后，两种样品都形成了α-FeSi2薄膜。原子力显微镜分析表明，样品表面粗糙度随热处理温度升高而变大，最大表面均方根粗糙度约为16nm。卢瑟福背散射分析发现，Fe／Si多层膜样品热处理过程中元素再分布很小。根据光吸收谱测量，Fe／Si多层膜制备的β-Fesi2薄膜的禁带宽度为0．88eV。     

BaxSr1-xTiO3前驱多层膜制备及后热处理条件的优化

用Ar 离子束多靶溅射沉积技术在单晶硅Si(100)上顺序沉积了TiO2、BaCO3、SrCO3叠层，并经后期低温扩散和高温晶化两步热处理过程制备了BaxSrl-xTiO3薄膜．用俄歇扫描电子能谱(AES)对其低温扩散效应(温度、时效、沉积顺序)进行了研究．实验结果表明：在低温段长时间保温或在中温段短时间保温都有利于各沉积组元充分扩散，扩散均匀的混合膜层经高温晶化(900℃)能形成多晶BaxSr1-xTiO3薄膜．     

TiO2薄膜的液相沉积法制备及其性能表征

采用液相沉积法（LPD）制备了透明TiO2薄膜,并研究了所制薄膜的形貌、结构和在紫外光照射下亲水性能的变化．结果表明,用此法制得的TiO₂薄膜较为均匀致密,热处理前后的薄膜具有相似的亲水性能,在紫外光照射下亲水性能都有提高．热处理后的薄膜在紫外光照射一定时间后可与水完全润湿．     

低红外发射率TiO2/AgxCU1-x/Ti/TiO2纳米多层膜

利用磁控溅射制备了银含量在100％至80％之间的单层银铜合金薄膜和TiO2／AgxCu-1x／Ti／TiO2：纳米四层膜。利用x射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、扫描俄歇微探针,分光光度计、红外发射率测量仪对样品进行表征,研究了单层金属膜和多层膜的光学、电学性质随着银含量的变化以及热处理前后薄膜性能的变化。结果表明：相同厚度的合金膜,随着Ag含量的降低,导电性能下降,Ag含量低于80％的合金已不适合作为多层膜的金属层;1500C大气下热处理30min,纯银薄膜性质发生明显变化,明视透过率下降10％,方块电阻由2．5W／口增加至18W／□,红外发射率由0．17增加到0．69。AgCu合金薄膜性质未发生明显变化。方块电阻相近的TiO2／AgxCu1-x／Ti／TiO2纳米多层膜,经250℃大气下热处理40min后,TiO2／Ag／Ti／TiO2和TiO2／Ag80Cu20／Ti／TiO2纳米多层膜的性质变化较小,热稳定性较好,其余的多层膜性质发生较大变化,红外发射率显著增加。     

工艺参数和热处理温度对ZrW_2O_8薄膜制备的影响

采用WO3和ZrO2复合陶瓷靶材,以射频磁控溅射法在石英基片上沉积制备了ZrW2O8薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、表面粗糙轮廓仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),研究了不同工艺参数和不同退火温度对ZrW20s薄膜的相组成、沉积速率和表面形貌的影响.采用高温X射线衍射和Powder X软件研究薄膜的负热膨胀特性.实验结果表明随着溅射功率的增加,薄膜沉积速率增加;而随着工作气压的增加,薄膜沉积速率先增加后减小;磁控溅射沉积制备的ZrW20s薄膜为非晶态,表面平滑、致密,随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜开始结晶且膜层颗粒增大;在740℃热处理3 n血后得到膜层颗粒呈短棒状的三方相ZrW2O8薄膜,在1200℃密闭条件下热处理3 min淬火后得到膜层颗粒呈球状的立方相ZrW2O8薄膜,且具有良好的负热膨胀特性.     

TiO_2自组装膜的制备及抗菌性能研究

以TiCl4为主要原料,采用自组装工艺,在玻璃基底表面制备TiO2薄膜。考察了(NH4)2SO4的添加、热处理温度、TiCl4浓度、反应温度、反应时间等工艺参数对TiO2薄膜结构和抗菌性能的影响规律。结果表明:未添加(NH4)2SO4时生成金红石型TiO2,而添加(NH4)2SO4可生成锐钛矿型TiO2,并且有利于TiO2膜均匀沉积。升高热处理温度,提高了TiO2的结晶度和薄膜附着力。但是,晶型和结晶度对薄膜的抗菌性能没有显著影响。随着TiCl4浓度增加,反应温度提高和反应时间延长,TiO2薄膜的抗菌性能得到提高。在最佳工艺条件,热处理温度为600℃、TiCl4浓度为0.2mol/L、反应温度为80℃、反应时间为80min时,抗菌率达100%。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.