Multi-invariance ESPRIT-like algorithms for coherent DOA estimation

Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique(ESPRIT) algorithm can estimate Direction-Of-Arrival(DOA) of coherent signal,but its performance can not reach full satisfaction.We reconstruct the received signal to form data model with multi-invariance property,and multi-invariance ESPRIT algorithm for coherent DOA estimation is proposed in this paper.The proposed algorithm can resolve the DOAs of coherent signals and performs better in DOA estimation than that of ESPRIT-like algorithm.Me...     

A RD-ESPRIT algorithm for coherent DOA estimation in monostatic MIMO radar using a single pulse

This paper discusses the problem of coherent direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in a monostatic multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar using a single pulse, and proposes a reduced dimension (RD)-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm. We reconstruct the received data and then utilise it to construct a set of Toeplitz matrices. After that, we use RD-ESPRIT to obtain the DOAs of the sources. The proposed algorithm is effective for coherent angle estimation based on a single pulse, and it has much better angle estimation performance than the forward backward spatial smoothing (FBSS)-ESPRIT algorithm and the ESPRIT-like of Li, as well as very close angle estimation performance to the ESPRIT-like of Han. For complexity comparison, our algorithm has very close complexity to the FBSS-ESPRIT algorithm, and lower complexity than the ESPRIT-like of Han and the ESPRIT-like of Li. Simulation results present the effectiveness and improvement of our approach.     

DOA estimation for monostatic MIMO radar based on unitary root-MUSIC

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is an important issue for monostatic MIMO radar. A DOA estimation method for monostatic MIMO radar based on unitary root-MUSIC is presented in this article. In the presented method, a reduced-dimension matrix is first utilised to transform the high dimension of received signal data into low dimension one. Then, a low-dimension real-value covariance matrix is obtained by forward–backward (FB) averaging and unitary transformation. The DOA of targets can be achieved by unitary root-MUSIC. Due to the FB averaging of received signal data and the eigendecomposition of the real-valued matrix covariance, the proposed method owns better angle estimation performance and lower computational complexity. The simulation results of the proposed method are presented and the performances are investigated and discussed.     

多基线数据融合的双基地MIMO雷达角度估计

提出了一种双基地MIMO雷达角度估计方法。在发射端利用ESPRIT算法获取长短基线的旋转不变因子,通过联合对角化提高离开角度(DOD)的估计精度。根据已估计的DOD,采用迭代算法得到接收导向矢量。针对等距线阵和非等距线阵,分别提出了基于范德蒙矩阵特性和解模糊的多基线联合到达角度(DOA)估计方法,避免了两维搜索且角度自动配对。计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。     

A new method for joint DOD and DOA estimation in bistatic MIMO radar

A joint direction of departures (DODs) and direction of arrivals (DOAs) estimation for bistatic MIMO radar via both ESPRIT and SVD of cross-correlation matrix of the received data from two transmit subarrays is presented. The proposed method, with the influence of spatial colored noise eliminated, is effective for three- or more-transmitter configured system. The DOAs and DODs of targets can be solved in closed form and paired automatically. Moreover, the maximum number of targets that can be identified by using this method is also analyzed. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the method.     

Computationally efficient MUSIC based DOA estimation algorithm for FMCW radar

This paper proposes low-cost yet high-accuracy direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for the automotive frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar. The existing subspace-based DOA estimation algorithms suffer from either high computational costs or low accuracy. We aim to solve such contradictory relation between complexity and accuracy by using randomized matrix approximation. Specifically, we apply an easily-interpretable randomized low-rank approximation to the covariance matrix (CM) and approximately compute its subspaces. That is, we first approximate CM \begin{document}${\bf{R} }\in {\mathbb{C}}^{M\times M} $\end{document} through three sketch matrices, in the form of \begin{document}$\mathbf{R}\approx \mathbf{Q}\mathbf{B}{\mathbf{Q}}^{\mathrm{H}} $\end{document}. Here the matrix \begin{document}$\mathbf{Q}\in {\mathbb{C}}^{M\times z} $\end{document} contains the orthonormal basis for the range of the sketch matrix \begin{document}$\mathbf{C}\in {\mathbb{C}}^{M\times z} $\end{document} which is extracted from \begin{document}$ \mathbf{R} $\end{document} using randomized uniform column sampling and \begin{document}$ \mathbf{B}\in {\mathbb{C}}^{z\times z} $\end{document} is a weight-matrix reducing the approximation error. Relying on such approximation, we are able to accelerate the subspace computation by the orders of the magnitude without compromising estimation accuracy. Furthermore, we drive a theoretical error bound for the suggested scheme to ensure the accuracy of the approximation. As validated by the simulation results, the DOA estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm, efficient multiple signal classification (E-MUSIC), is high, closely tracks standard MUSIC, and outperforms the well-known algorithms with tremendously reduced time complexity. Thus, the devised method can realize high-resolution real-time target detection in the emerging multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) automotive radar systems.     

Joint angle and Doppler frequency estimation of coherent targets in monostatic MIMO radar

This paper discusses the problem of joint direction of arrival (DOA) and Doppler frequency estimation of coherent targets in a monostatic multiple-input multiple-output radar. In the proposed algorithm, we perform a reduced dimension (RD) transformation on the received signal first and then use forward spatial smoothing (FSS) technique to decorrelate the coherence and obtain joint estimation of DOA and Doppler frequency by exploiting the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm. The joint estimated parameters of the proposed RD-FSS-ESPRIT are automatically paired. Compared with the conventional FSS-ESPRIT algorithm, our RD-FSS-ESPRIT algorithm has much lower complexity and better estimation performance of both DOA and frequency. The variance of the estimation error and the Cramer–Rao Bound of the DOA and frequency estimation are derived. Simulation results show the effectiveness and improvement of our algorithm.     

Tri-iterative least-square method for bearing estimation in MIMO radar

In this paper, we introduce a novel tri-iterative least-square (TI-LS) method for bearing estimation in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system. The TI-LS iteratively finds two steering matrices associated with the transmit and receive arrays, and the target's bearing can be easily obtained based on prior knowledge of the transmit and receive array manifolds. Furthermore, by jointly using the information from the transmit and receive array responses, angular estimation accuracy can be significantly improved. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the excellent angular estimation accuracy and computational efficiency of this new method.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation for coherent GPS signals based on oblique projection

A new direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method for coherent global positioning system (GPS) signals is proposed. It is applicable to the GPS propagation environment with rich multipath, strong interferences and noise. According to the properties of oblique projection, interferences and noise are first suppressed and only the coherent GPS signals are retained by projecting the received signal onto the signal subspace. Then, the coherent GPS signals are resolved by the Toeplitz decorrelation scheme. Using the proposed method, interferences and noise can be suppressed simultaneously, and more accurate DOA estimation for coherent GPS signals can be obtained in GPS propagation environment. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

MIMO雷达多目标DOA估计

DOA估计是雷达参数估计方面理论研究的一个重要内容,其主要目的是确定各个信号到达阵列参考阵元的方向角。MIMO雷达可以有效提高DOA估计分辨力和精度得到了广泛的关注,但是MIMO雷达DOA估计算法却比较复杂。因此对MIMO雷达DOA估计的几种主要算法进行了深入系统的研究,通过计算机仿真分析比较了各种不同算法的特点,得到了各种算法的优缺点和局限性,从而为正确分析和处理MIMO雷达回波信号提供依据。     

基于贪婪算法的高分辨信号源DOA估计

确定辐射源的来波方向(DOA)是阵列信号处理的重要研究内容,已经广泛应用于雷达、声纳和无线通信等领域。本文研究了远场窄带信号源的DOA高分辨估计问题。利用信号来波方向在空域具有稀疏性的特点,建立了远场窄带信号源的稀疏表示模型。根据协方差矩阵的特征值分解和贪婪匹配追踪算法原理提出了一种基于特征值分解的多重正交匹配追踪算法（EIG MOMP）。首先,利用特征值分解对阵列接收数据进行降维处理。这一降维操作使得问题转化为了一个具有多重观测向量（MMV）的欠定方程求解问题。接着利用MOMP算法对降维后的数据进行处理,最终得到信号的DOA估计值。该算法实现了在低信噪比下远场窄带信号源的高分辨DOA估计,并具有较低的运算复杂度。将本文提出的算法与传统的Capon算法、多重信号分类算法（MUSIC）以及正交匹配追踪算法（OMP）进行了对比。结果证明,该算法在低信噪比下能取得较好的DOA估计效果,可以针对任意的相干信号源,并且具有高分辨率的优点。      

一种基于矩阵三对角化分解的DOA估计算法

针对DOA（Direction of Arrival）估计在低信噪比的情况下估计性能下降的问题, 根据阵列协方差矩阵共轭对称的特点,采用基于Givens变换的三对角化分解方法对协方 差矩阵进行三对角化,同时利用盖氏(Gerschgorin)圆递推方法准确估计信号子空间的秩, 然后再对三对角 矩阵进行对角化,估计出噪声子空间,利用噪声子空间与导向矢量正交实现波达方向估计, 改善了低信噪比背景下估计的误差性能和稳健性。计算机仿真证明了算法的有效性 。     

双基地分布式阵列MIMO雷达的DOA和DOD估计方法

结合分布式阵列和双基地多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)雷达的特点, 提出了一种新的双基地分布式阵列MIMO雷达的接收角(Direction of Arrival, DOA)和发射角(Direction of Departure, DOD)估计方法.根据发射阵列和接收阵列的空域旋转不变特性, 利用旋转不变估计技术(Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques, ESPRIT)获取无模糊DOA粗估计和高精度周期性模糊的DOA、DOD精估计; 再利用无模糊DOA粗估计、目标的双基地距离信息以及双基地MIMO雷达的几何特点, 解除DOA、DOD精估计的周期性模糊, 得到高精度且无模糊的DOA和DOD估计.最后, 根据ESPRIT算法原理和估计误差的概率统计特性进行算法的性能分析, 给出算法基线模糊门限的近似计算方法.该算法有效地放宽了发射阵列孔径扩展程度的限制, 从而提高了阵列在大孔径下的角度估计精度, 且能够实现DOA和DOD估计的自动配对.仿真结果验证了所提算法和性能分析方法的有效性.     

Coherent angle estimation based on Hankel matrix construction in bistatic MIMO radar

In this article, a novel coherent angle estimation method is proposed for bistatic multiple-input multiple-output radar. First, a decorrelation operation is taken by constructing a Hankel block matrix whose rank equals the number of coherent targets and is independent of the coherency between these targets. Therefore, the signal and noise subspaces of the Hankel block matrix can be estimated properly. Then, in conjunction with the ESPRIT algorithm, the shift invariance properties of the transmit and receive arrays are exploited to estimate the angles of coherent targets with automatic pairing. The numerical simulations demonstrate its validity.     

An improved cyclic beamforming method for signal DOA estimation

Modulated signals used in telecommunication are cyclostationary. This property can be exploited to improve the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation performance. In this work, we propose an improved cyclic beamforming algorithm exploiting cyclostationarity. The proposed method exploits the information of both cyclic correlation matrix and cyclic conjugate correlation matrix with different cyclic frequencies. Compared with the existing methods, the simulation results show that proposed method improves substantially the signal selectivity; also it allows an increase in resolution power.     

阵元失效下基于核范数和SCAD惩罚的MIMO雷达DOA估计

阵元失效下多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO)雷达虚拟阵列协方差矩阵出现大批整行整列元素缺失,破坏原有内在完整结构,导致波达方向(Direction of Arrival, DOA)估计性能下降。为此,提出一种联合核范数和SCAD(Smoothly Clipped Absolute Deviation)惩罚的完整协方差矩阵重构方法,以利于阵元失效下MIMO雷达DOA的有效估计。首先对待恢复的协方差矩阵建立核范数和SCAD惩罚双先验约束模型,并利用等正弦空间稀疏化方式划分粗网格空间,在可容忍的模型误差内能大大降低运算复杂度;然后利用ALM-ADMM(Augmented Lagrange Multipliers-Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers)算法对双先验约束模型进行求解,从而恢复协方差矩阵中大量整行整列的缺失数据;最后通过RD-ESPRIT(Reduced Dimensional ESPRIT)算法进行目标DOA估计。仿真结果验证该方法能快速恢复虚拟协方差矩阵中的缺失数据,从而有效...     

一种基于信道估计的MIMO雷达目标角度估计方法

MIMO雷达是一种新体制雷达。它的信号传输矩阵包含了我们需要的目标信息,如角度信息。本文首先建立了包含目标角度信息的MIMO雷达接收信号模型。然后根据MIMO雷达接收信号的统计特性,提出了新的MIMO雷达传输信道的估计方法,然后从传输矩阵中估计出目标角度信息。最后,我们通过仿真实验验证了本文方法的有效性。     

A novel wideband DOA estimator based on Khatri-Rao subspace approach

A novel DOA estimation method for uncorrelated wideband sources named focusing Khatri-Rao subspace method (FKR) is proposed based on coherent signal-subspace method (CSM) and Khatri-Rao (KR) subspace. Compared with the conventional CSM that simply averages the covariance matrices of different frequency bins after focusing, FKR transforms the covariance matrices into a higher dimensional matrix through KR product. This method has three major advantages: (1) it achieves a higher resolution than CSM, (2) the root mean square error of DOA estimation from FKR is smaller than that of CSM when the initial angles are inaccurate and (3) it performs well even when the number of sensors is reduced to about half of the sources. The performance of the FKR method is demonstrated and analyzed through the computer simulations.     

基于四阶累积量的共形阵列波达方向估计算法

由于共形天线阵列流形的多极化特性（Polarization Diversity）,共形阵列天线的信源方位估计需要与信源的极化状态联合进行。分析总结共形阵列天线波达方向（DOA）估计特点的基础上,针对窄带远场非高斯独立信源,提出了一种共形阵列天线盲极化DOA估计算法。该算法利用四阶累积量对阵列口径的扩展性,结合旋转不变子空间（ESPRIT）算法,在信源极化状态未知条件下实现了共形阵列天线的高分辨DOA估计。所提算法的方位估计不需要天线单元方向图以及信源极化状态的任何信息,适用于多种常用共形载体（锥面、柱面以及球面共形载体）,具有较为广泛的应用环境。以柱面共形阵列天线DOA估计为例,详细推导了算法机理,给出了算法步骤,计算机Monte Carlo仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性。     

一种适用于MIMO雷达的低复杂度二维DOA估计方法

 本文提出了一种适用于收、发共阵多发多收(MIMO)雷达的低复杂度二维波达方向(DOA)估计方法.该方法将MIMO雷达的虚拟二维阵列分解为多个构形相同但位置不同的虚拟子阵,通过一种基于预投影的ESPRIT算法得到同一目标二维DOA的多组估计值,极大地降低了运算量.并利用Kalman滤波器对这多组二维DOA估计值进行融合,提高了估计值的精度.同时,利用收、发对偶性对样本数据进行了重排,等效地将样本数加倍,进一步提高了二维DOA估计精度.数值仿真的结果证明了该方法的有效性.