工艺条件对均四甲苯改性沥青性能和组成的影响

以均四甲苯为添加剂对沥青进行改性,初步考察了工艺条件（ 反应温度、反应时间、添加剂含量、体系压力等）对改性沥青软化点、残炭率及族组成的影响。发现均四甲苯的加入可促进沥青分子的反应,调整沥青的组成和结构分布;通过不同反应条件可控制沥青ＴＳ 组分和ＰＩ 组分以达到沥青组成设计的目的。     

TI-PS组份对沥青性能的影响

通过考察不同比例ＴＩ－ＰＳ组份沥青的软化点、残炭值和粘度，发现在ＰＩ组份或ＴＳ组份不变情况下，随着ＴＩ－ＰＳ组份的改变沥青的三种性能参数值呈直线变化。实验表明，有机酸催化可提高沥青ＴＩ－ＰＳ组份的含量，而改变原料沥青的组成与结构也可得到同样效果。     

用场解吸质谱法(FDMS)对澄清油中间相沥青组成结构的研究

用场解吸质谱（ＦＤＭＳ）对乙烯渣油中间相沥青（ＥＴＭＰ）和澄清油中间相沥青（ＤＯＭＰ）之甲苯可溶组分（ＴＳ）的组成结构进行了对比研究。通过对两种中间相沥青ＴＳ组分质谱峰的合理归属,鉴定出了主要的组成化合物系列以及各自相对应化合物的结构,分析极限大大扩大,在ＤＯＭＰ－ＴＳ中检测到的最高质量数为９９０,相应于１６个芳环的稠环芳烃分子;在ＥＴＭＰ－ＴＳ中检测到的最高质量数为９４８。相应于１５个缩合芳环的稠环芳烃分子,ＤＯＭＰ－ＴＳ含较多的迫位缩合芳环而ＥＴＭＰ－ＴＳ含较多的渺位缩合芳环,同时对中间相沥青的组成结构与其物理化学性能作了关联。     

CO2机组防喘振调节器FIC41002的改造

1　概述ＣＯ2 机组防喘振调节器采用是横河公司生产的ＹＳ - 80系列ＳＬＰＣ型可编程调节器 ,具有信号运算和顺序逻辑功能 ,使用中可以根据实际情况 ,灵活地进行组态 ,进一步扩展仪表的功能 ,增强仪表的使用性。ＣＯ2 机组防振系统分别由六个不同参数组成 ,其本控制原理是 :ＨＩ×ＰＩ×ＴｓＰｓ2 ×ＴＩ- Ｆ(ＰＤ-ＰＳ)ＰＳ其中 :ＨＩ×ＰＩ×ＴｓＰｓ2 ×ＴＩ是ＰＶ值Ｆ(ＰＤ-ＰＳ)ＰＳ是ＳＶ值式中 :ＨＩ———三段入口流量 ;ＰＩ———三段入口压力 ;ＰＳ———一段入口压力 ;ＰＤ———四段出口压力 ;ＴＩ———三段入口温度 ;ＴＳ——…     

岩沥青改性沥青化学组分与性能之间的关系

利用国产天然岩沥青对基质90号沥青进行改性,对系列改性沥青的四组分含量和物理性能进行了检测,研究了沥青四组分对沥青物理指标的影响规律,基于多元线性拟合方法得到了沥青组分与沥青针入度、软化点、复数模量、低温蠕变速率等四个指标的关系公式。分析表明,岩沥青改性沥青的高温性能与沥青质、胶质含量紧密相关,而低温性能和稠度(针入度)和饱和分、芳香分数据相关;不同掺量岩沥青会因为四组分含量的不同而赋予基质沥青不同的高低温性能特点;可以利用沥青的组分参数预估其物理性质指标,且与实测物理指标具有良好的相关性。     

原料对胶粉沥青储存稳定性的研究

以克拉玛依石化AH-110沥青和塔河石化AH-110沥青作为沥青原料,以湖北合得利橡胶粉有限公司和天津天元亨橡胶制品厂的两种废橡胶粉作为改性剂,研究原料对改性沥青储存稳定性能的影响。结果表明:不同的原料会对改性沥青的性能产生一定的影响,胶粉改性沥青性能除了与沥青轻组分量有重要关系外,还与胶质和沥青质的量有一定的关系。     

自粘聚合物改性沥青防水卷材耐老化性能试验研究

为探究基质沥青与防水卷材耐老化性能之间的关系,采取4种不同的90#基质沥青,制备获得4种自粘聚合物改性沥青防水卷材,试验研究了热氧老化前后的防水卷材低温柔性变化情况。结果表明,传统的软化点、针入度和延度无法表征自粘聚合物改性沥青防水卷材的耐老化性能;对于不同基质沥青所成型的自粘聚合物改性沥青防水卷材,可基于胶体指数（CI）开展耐老化性能分析和评定,防水卷材的耐老化性能与该指数数值呈负相关关系。     

基于不同硬沥青的SBS复合改性沥青性能研究

以SBS改性沥青为基础沥青，利用1种煤基硬沥青和3种天然沥青制备了4种复合改性沥青，根据JTG E20-2011《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》相关规定对其常规物理指标、PG(Performance Grade)性能等级进行评价和对比，结果表明：煤基硬沥青与天然硬沥青具有相同的沥青改性功能；硬沥青的添加提高了基础沥青的高温性能指标，降低了低温性能指标；但不同硬沥青在改性能力上存在差异，这种现象与硬沥青的物质组成及含量有关，沥青质含量高的硬沥青使复合改性沥青具有更低的针入度、更高的软化点和黏度以及更好的抗老化性能；芳香分和饱和分含量会影响改性沥青的存储稳定性。在工程应用中，应根据沥青组分含量和应用目的进行复合改性沥青的配比调试，以使其满足应用技术标准要求。     

文摘

20 0 1 0 1 4高残炭率浸渍剂沥青的组成设计 [刊 ,中 ] /智林杰 ,宋进仁 ,刘　朗∥新型炭材料 ,2 0 0 1 ,1 6( 1 ) :5～ 9以实现人工控制高残炭率浸渍剂性能为目的 ,提出了一种沥青组成设计的研究方法。探讨了改性沥青族组成分布与沥青性能之间以及工艺参数与沥青族组成分布之间的关系 ,通过适当的实验和分析方法得到改性沥青工艺参数—组成分布—性能指标之间的经验式 ,并在此基础上根据目标沥青的性能要求确定改性沥青应具有的组成分布特点 ,进而得到合适的工艺参数。图 1表 2参 2 02 0 0 1 0 1 5溶剂处理对沥青球氧化稳定化的影响研究 […     

ATH/OMMT复合改性沥青阻燃抑烟性能与机理分析

对ATH、OMMT改性沥青的阻燃抑烟性能进行了研究,将ATH、OMMT两种改性剂按照不同配比进行复配,研究了不同配比的复合阻燃剂对沥青常规性能、阻燃抑烟性能的影响,评价了不同配比复合阻燃剂的协同效果,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)等手段研究了沥青改性前后的微观结构变化,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)等手段研究了沥青燃烧后的碳层结构及元素组成,探究了ATH/OMMT复合阻燃体系的阻燃机理.结果 表明,单掺OMMT对沥青阻燃抑烟性能的提升非常有限,而单掺ATH虽然能有效提高沥青的阻燃性能但需要的掺量较大.OMMT与ATH间存在良好的协同效果,能够有效提高沥青的阻燃性能和抑烟性能.不同掺量(1％、3％、5％)的OMMT在SBS改性沥青中均形成了剥离型纳米复合材料,在OMMT改性沥青的红外光谱中,1 092 cm-1、1 032 cm-1、517 cm-1、463 cm-1四处特征峰的峰面积指数与沥青中OMMT掺量之间展现出良好的线性关系.在ATH/OMMT复合阻燃抑烟沥青的热解燃烧过程中,ATH受热产生的Al2 O3依附于聚集在沥青表面的OMMT片层上,形成了一种耐火的致密复合阻隔层,可以高效地阻隔沥青燃烧过程中的热量及物质传递,减少了可燃轻质组分的析出量,增加了成碳比例,使得ATH/OMMT复合改性沥青具备良好的阻燃抑烟性能.     

Structure and carbonization properties of pitches produced catalytically from aromatic hydrocarbons with

Carbonization properties of pitches synthesized from some aromatic hydrocarbons by the aid of were studied under atmospheric 1.1 and 3.1 MPa pressures. The highest coke yields obtained under atmospheric pressure and 3.1 MPa were 64% and 85%, respectively, both of which were observed with anthracene pitch. Pyrene pitch exhibited a low coke yield of 37% under atmospheric pressure, but as high as 85% under 3.1 MPa.The pitches were revealed with ¹H-NMR and FD-MS to consist essentially of oligomers of starting aromatic rings such as dimers, trimers, and tetramers. The oligomers carried significant amounts of naphthenic hydrogens, which provide their low softening point and enable the development of an anisotropic flow texture when the pitch was carbonized. The carbonization scheme is discussed in relation to the coke yield.     

Modification of the carbonization properties of coal-tar pitch by supercritical fluid extraction

The carbonization properties of coal-tar pitch were modified by supercritical fluid (SCF) extraction. Pitches extracted with supercritical toluene (SCFE pitch) contained none of the quinoline insoluble (QI) matter responsible for anisotropic structures with small unit sizes. The size of anisotropic structures from SCFE pitches was closely related to the β-resin (toluene insoluble and quinoline soluble fraction) content. Anisotropic structures from blended pitches prepared to have the same β-resin content as SCFE pitches (by blending toluene soluble (TS) and β-resin fractions obtained through a conventional liquid solvent extraction) were smaller. Extraction of the β-resin fraction with supercritical toluene could be interpreted by the co-solvent effects of the TS fraction dissolved in the extract phase. The high concentration of TS fraction in the extract phase enhanced the solubility of the β-resin fraction into this phase. In the raffinate phase, the heavier β-resin components, which are unsuitable for the development of mesophase structures, coagulated and formed unextractable QI matter through reduction in the concentration of the TS fraction. Since the TS concentration in both the phases depends on pressure and the ratio of the amounts of supercritical toluene and pitch, the control of the β-resin content in the SCFE pitches is possible through the adjustment of these two parameters.     

Comparative studies of the modification of coal-tar pitch

Properties of coal-tar pitches modified by sulfur addition, air blowing, and nitrogen blowing were compared to find an appropriate method of preparing a matrix precursor for carbon/carbon (C/C) composites. Raw and modified pitches were characterized by softening point, thermal analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, solubility in toluene and quinoline, and gel permeation chromatography. Both sulfur addition and air blowing very effectively increased softening point and coke yield by dehydrogenative polymerization of pitch molecules. Air-blown pitch, however, had less thermal stability than the pitch with added sulfur and showed more weight loss at high temperatures. Property changes in nitrogen-blown pitch were mainly induced by eliminating volatile matter of low molecular weight. Sulfur addition is suggested to be the most promising method for preparing matrix precursor because it had the highest yield among those with similar softening points.     

沥青粘结剂产炭率对制品性能的影响

研究了粘结剂沥青产炭率与块状炭制品材料性能的关系,拟通过提高粘结剂沥青产炭率的方法改善炭制品的性质。实验采用比目前工业沥青粘结剂产炭率更高的沥青作为粘结剂,经过混捏、成型和焙烧制成炭制品。研究发现,采用产炭率高的粘结剂可以得到性能较好的产品,但对于强度来说,过高产炭率的粘结剂并不总是正面影响的,应考虑到粘结剂中β组分的含量。     

Rheological characteristics of coal tar and petroleum pitches with and without additives

An extensive study of rheological characteristics of coal tar and petroleum pitches with and without additives, namely, petroleum coke, natural graphite and carbon black has been made. It is found that all pitches, pure or mixed with a carbon additive are not Newtonian as reported in the literature, but behave Theologically as Bingham plastics with certain yield stress and plastic viscosity at all temperatures of measurement between 85–180°C. The yield stress and plastic viscosity both decrease with increase in temperature of the pitch. A pure petroleum pitch having the same softening point as that of a coal tar pitch is found to have a lower viscosity compared to that of the latter at all temperatures of measurement. This suggests that the criterion of softening point as a measure of suitability of a coal tar pitch binder in the manufacture of artificial carbon is not sufficient for petroleum pitches. Addition of ten parts of carbon black by weight of pitch results in a considerable decrease in viscosity change with temperature of the coal tar pitch compared to almost insignificant change in the case of the petroleum pitch of the same softening point. However, the addition of petroleum coke or natural graphite makes the pitch more viscous but does not change the temperature dependence of viscosity of either of the two types of pitches. The implications are discussed.     

压力对溶剂法脱除焦油沥青中固体颗粒物的影响

精制沥青是制备各种功能炭材料的前体,焦油沥青需要预处理脱除其中的固体颗粒物（称为喹啉不溶物,QI）以得到精制沥青,压力是脱除QI的重要条件。本文以煤焦油沥青和添加生物质沥青的混合沥青为原料,研究压力对溶剂法脱除固体颗粒物的影响,测试不同压力下精制沥青的QI含量及产率,利用纳米粒度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜和高温黏度测定仪对QI颗粒形貌、粒度及脱除体系黏度进行表征和测定,分析压力对固体颗粒物絮凝沉降的影响规律。研究结果表明,增加压力对沥青收率升高有明显影响,使精制煤焦油沥青的收率由常压的64.6%（质量分数）提升至1MPa时的84.3%（质量分数）,精制沥青的QI含量维持在0.06%~0.1%（质量分数）之间。添加15%生物质沥青的混合沥青,产率则由常压时的55.7%（质量分数）提升至1MPa时的72.5%（质量分数）。压力对精制沥青的QI含量影响较小,压力增大,溶剂对沥青组分尤其是重质组分的溶解能力增强,使精制沥青产率升高。较高压力也使体系的黏度略微增大,造成部分QI颗粒沉降困难,不过影响较小。中间相沥青制备的结果表明,精制沥青可以制备出具有流域型结构的中间相沥青,添加生物质沥青更好地改进了流域型的显微结构。     

Molten storage and carbonization characteristics of premium grade coal-tar pitch: Influence of crude tar type and distillation conditions

A growing trend towards the transport and use of molten rather than solidified pitch has caused tar distillers to examine the relative stability of pitches while held in storage tanks. The scope of laboratory storage-stability tests can be extended to higher temperatures as a method of studying the earliest stages of pitch polymerization/carbonization. Some indications of the ultimate performance of the pitch in the end-use process can be gained. Crude tar has a strong influence on the ultimate properties and performance of a pitch. Seven tars have been made into 120 °C Mettler softening-point pitches by two distillation methods to study their subsequent storage and carbonization behaviour. The behaviour exhibited by each pitch allows a judgement on overall ‘reactivity’ and on the sensitivity to thermal conditions in the distillation of each tar. Two distillation schemes were adopted: batch distillation followed by heat treatment; and batch distillation at a pressure which was progressively reduced. The results show that time at elevated temperature has a major effect on the properties and performance of the resulting pitch. Vacuum distillation allows lower processing temperatures. Larger amounts of secondary quinoline-insolubles were formed under the ‘distillation with heat treatment’ scheme. Complete wetting of coke by pitch took place at lower temperatures for the vacuum-distilled pitches. Heat-treated pitches increased more rapidly in softening point and lost more mass when thermally soaked. Distillation under vacuum conditions resulted in significantly modified pitch carbonization characteristics.     

Carbonization of pitch: Compatibility of components in carbonization

The carbonization of four kinds of solvent-refined-coal (SRC) pitches was investigated in order to determine the properties required for the formation of needle coke. Although the pitches were free from Ql materials, two of them gave needle cokes, whereas the other two gave mosaic cokes. The BS fractions of all pitches formed needle cokes, and all Bl fractions were infusible and isotropic. A combination of suitable BS and Bl fractions gave a needle coke, whereas another mixture formed a mosaic coke, indicating that the BS and the Bl fractions can be compatible to yield a needle coke. Cocarbonization of the BS fractions from other pitch sources with the Bl from the SRC pitches was further studied to evaluate the compatibility, which has been discussed from the structural viewpoint. Trials to improve the properties were proposed, based on the structural information.