硼铝硅玻璃中钙镁氧化物摩尔比对玻璃性能的影响

用精密阻抗仪、梯度析晶炉、粉末玻璃水浸泡等方法研究了硼铝硅玻璃系统中CaO和MgO含量的变化对玻璃介电常数、介电损耗因子、失透温度范围和玻璃耐水侵蚀性能的影响.并用X射线衍射仪分析测试失透温度范围后的玻璃样品.用红外光谱对各玻璃样品进行了结构分析.结果表明:CaO和MgO总质量分数不变,MgO含量高时玻璃具有相对低的介电常数和介电损耗.CaO的存在使玻璃更不易失透.当CaO和MgO的摩尔比为2:1时,玻璃具有较好的耐水侵蚀性.造成玻璃失透的机理主要是玻璃分相,失透玻璃中没有发现晶体存在.CaO和MgO摩尔比的变化对B2O3原子团的配位状态有一定的影响,从而影响了玻璃的介电性能.     

The Effect of Bivalent Cations on the Physicochemical Properties and Structure of Borosilicate Glasses

The effect of modifier oxides (MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, and ZnO) introduced instead of SiO₂ into borosilicate glass on glass properties is investigated. It is established that the physicochemical properties (TCLE, softening temperature, mircohardness, density, water resistance) of glasses are determined mainly by structure and phase composition and, to a lesser extent, depend on the type of modifier oxide.     

氧化物添加剂对P2O5-ZnO-B2O3系低熔点玻璃物化性能的影响

作为绿色环保材料,无铅低熔点玻璃已经在电子元器件的封装和涂层等领域得到了广泛应用。以P2O5-ZnO-B2O3体系为基础玻璃,通过外加法研究氧化物添加剂(Fe2O3、MnO2、CuO、CeO2和Y2O3)对玻璃密度(ρ)、热膨胀系数(α)、特征温度(Tg和Td)及化学稳定性的影响。实验结果表明:使用适量的添加剂可以增大玻璃密度;除Y2O3外,其它添加剂提高玻璃的热膨胀系数;MnO2、CuO和Y2O3显著降低玻璃的特征温度,但Fe2O3和CeO2的影响较小;加入适量添加剂能显著改善玻璃的化学稳定性,其中加Y2O3的耐酸性最好,加CeO2的耐碱性最好。     

SrO、La2O3、ZrO2对无铅水晶玻璃折射率,密度和耐碱性能的影响

熔融法制备不同氧化物含量的SiO2-B2O3 -R2O系无铅水晶玻璃,并表征了玻璃的密度、折射率和耐碱性能.结果表明:随着氧化锶含量的增加,玻璃密度、折射率和耐碱性能都随之增加;适量氧化镧(w(La2O3)≤22%)的加入可以提高玻璃的折射率、密度和耐碱性能,过量则反之;适量氧化锆的加入(w(ZrO2)≤28%)能够显著提高玻璃耐碱性能并提高玻璃折射率和密度,过多则促使玻璃析晶失透.     

Thermal properties of ecological phosphate and silicate glasses

The present work deals with ecological phosphate and silicate glasses that belong to the oxide systems: Li₂O-MgO-P₂O₅, Li₂O-CaO-P₂O₅, Li₂O-MgO-P₂O₅-Fe₂O₃; Li₂O-CaO-P₂O₅-Fe₂O₃ and SiO₂-R₂O-R′O (R = Na, K; R′ = Mg, Ca), the last system contains certain amounts of ZrO₂, ZnO, TiO₂. These ecological glasses do not contain toxic substances as BaO, PbO, As₂O₃, As₂O₅, fluorine, CdS, CdSe and they have applications as regards the retention and counteracting action of the harmful compounds resulted from the nuclear plants. The replacement of MgO by CaO leads to an insignificant increasing of the thermal expansion index and a slight decreasing of the characteristic temperatures, except the softening point where the effect is opposite. Adding of iron oxide in the phosphate glass composition causes the increasing of characteristic temperatures and the decreasing of thermal expansion index, both in MgO and CaO-containing phosphate glasses. The ecological silicate glasses are used as opal glasses free of fluorine as well as for lead-free crystal glass (CFP) where BaO and PbO are replaced by non-toxic oxides as K₂O, MgO, ZrO₂, and TiO₂. The paper presents different glass compositions and the technological parameters to prepare the ecological glass samples. Both ecological phosphate and silicate glasses have been characterized as regards the characteristic temperatures (vitreous transition point, low and high annealing points, softening point) and the thermal expansion coefficient. This study presents the changes of the thermal parameters when CaO replaces MgO in phosphate glass samples and the role of iron oxide in the vitreous network. In the case of silicate glasses, the viscosity and wetting angle dependency of temperature are presented. The elemental analysis of the ecological glasses was made by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) which also put in evidence the iron species from the vitreous network.     

添加剂对氧化铝陶瓷性能的影响

根据作用机理的不同,可以把添加剂分为2类:生成液相,这类添加剂如SiO2、MgO、CaO、SrO、BaO等碱土金属氧化物,在晶界形成低熔点的玻璃相,促进烧结,电性能良好,适于制备电子陶瓷;生成固溶体,这类添加剂如Cr2O3、Fe2O3、TiO2、MnO等,它们与氧化铝基体形成置换固溶体,降低烧结温度,同时降低陶瓷的体积电阻率,适于有力学要求的场合。     

助熔剂对型煤灰熔融特征温度的影响

研究了高灰熔点型煤灰成分与灰熔融特性的关系,考察了Fe2O3, MgO, CaO和固体水玻璃助熔剂对型煤灰熔融温度的影响. 结果表明,碱性氧化物与灰中所含矿物质在高温下易形成低共熔混合物,能有效降低型煤灰熔融温度. 加入等量(11%, w)的MgO, CaO及固体水玻璃、Fe2O3,流动温度分别下降了22.0, 58.8, 81.2和91.9℃. 通过三元相图及XRD分析揭示了物相组成变化和矿物晶体的存在形式. CaO, 固体水玻璃和Fe2O3适宜的添加量分别为11%, 9%和9%. CaO和固体水玻璃对型煤还具有粘结和促进气化作用,更适合作为助熔剂.     

氧化物添加对Bi_2O_3–B_2O_3–ZnO低熔点玻璃结构与性能的影响

采用常规的熔体冷却法制备了以Bi2O3–B2O3–ZnO为基体,外加氧化物（SiO2、GeO2、TeO2和Sb2O5）的玻璃试样,对比研究了氧化物对玻璃结构、转变温度、软化温度、析晶温度、热膨胀系数、抗弯强度和化学稳定性的影响规律。结果表明：在基体中加入SiO2,对降低玻璃的热膨胀系数最有效;加入TeO2,对降低玻璃的转变温度和软化温度最有效;加入Sb2O5,不仅能降低玻璃的转变温度和软化温度,使ΔT最大,而且能改善铋酸盐玻璃在封接过程中易析晶的问题,热膨胀系数较低,抗弯强度最大,化学稳定性最好。通过利用Fourier红外光谱、X射线衍射和热分析研究了玻璃结构的变化。     

Effect of CeO 2 Doping on the Structure and Properties of Titanium Barium Silicate Glass

Glasses with the composition 50SiO2 · 20TiO2 · 15BaO · 7.5SrO · 7.5CaO doped with the varied content of CeO2 were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. The effect of CeO2 on the structure of glasses was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The density, thermal stability, dielectric properties and acid resistance of glasses were studied by Archimedes method, differential thermal scanning analysis and X-ray diffraction, dielectric measuring as well as the powder method. The results showed that the coordination of Ti, which existed in glasses as [TiO4], did not change. An increase in the content of non-bridging oxygen atoms and a corresponding decrease in the content of bridging oxygens correlated. The depolymerization of the glass network was attributed to an increase in the number of Si–O–Ti bonds and the change of the Qn distribution. With an increase in the CeO2 content, the thermal stability and acid resistance of glass first increased and then decreased, and the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of glass decreased first and then increased.     

TiO2对铝硼硅酸盐玻璃结构和性能的影响

采用熔融法制备不同TiO2含量的RO(包括CaO、MgO)-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3系玻璃。利用红外光谱技术研究TiO2对玻璃结构的影响,分别探讨了玻璃密度、化学稳定性和介电性能的变化规律。结果表明:少量TiO2的加入能够增大玻璃结构聚合度,过多的TiO2将使玻璃结构变得相对疏松;随着TiO2含量的增加,介电常数和介电损耗在1MHz频率下先减小后增大,玻璃析晶倾向和密度呈现增大的趋势,耐酸和耐碱失重比呈现先减小后增大的变化。