分散染料在超临界CO2中的溶解性研究进展

介绍了目前国内外分散染料在超临界CO2中溶解度的测定装置及其各自的优缺点，同时列出了通过不同的方法测得的分散染料在超临界CO2中的溶解度；分析了计算溶解度的主要模型和影响分散染料在超临界CO2中溶解度的主要因素。     

超临界二氧化碳流体中分散染料的溶解性研究

讨论在超临界二氧化碳流体染色体系中循环时间、流体压力、流体温度等工艺因素对分散染料溶解性的影响；并在压力30MPa、温度120℃下，对部分提纯及商品分散染料在超临界二氧化碳流体中的溶解度进行了测试；分析了分散染料结构中取代基对溶解性的影响。     

超临界CO2萃取大蒜提取物的研究

研究了超临界二氧化碳萃取大蒜精油的可行性，其最佳的提取工艺条件为15MPa，40℃;若只需得到蒜素可采用发酵醇提法预处理，这样所得蒜素得率最高，可达44.57%；若要得到大蒜精油还必须进一步利用有机溶剂萃取，每千克大蒜可得大蒜精油1.8克。本文还对制得的大蒜精油进行了红外吸收光谱定性分析。     

分散染料在超临界二氧化碳流体中的溶解性

为更好地筛选适用于超临界二氧化碳(ScCO2)流体染色的分散染料,使用状态方程结合基团贡献法和计算化学法,得到不同工况条件及不同染料结构对分散染料在超临界CO2流体中溶解度的影响规律,建立了分散染料在超临界CO2流体中溶解度预测方法.结果表明:不同工况条件会影响分散蓝79染料的溶解度,其中较低的温度和较高的压力对溶解过...     

超临界CO2流体萃取米糠油研究

通过超临界CO2流体萃取米糠油研究,总结萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和物料水分含量对米糠出油率影响。结果表明,最适宜萃取条件为:萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间80 min、物料水分含量为5％～6％,出油率达14．32％;同时测定超临界CO2流体萃取米糠油中脂肪酸甘油酯组成,得出油酸甘油酯、亚油酸甘油酯和棕榈酸甘油酯占总脂肪酸甘油酯90％以上,其中,油酸甘油酯和亚油酸甘油酯占总脂肪酸甘油酯70％以上;通过超临界CO2法与压榨法比较,超临界CO2流体法萃取米糠油不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,理化指标也优于压榨法,因萃取温度低,防止提取过程中油脂氧化,因此超临界CO2流体萃取是一种较好提取米糠油方法。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取大蒜油中试研究

采用冷冻干燥和超临界二氧化碳萃取技术进行大蒜油萃取中试试验,确定超临界二氧化碳萃取大蒜油中试试验最佳工艺参数:萃取压力25 MPa,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间3 h,CO_2流量20 M~3/h,在此条件下萃取率可达1.45%。     

超临界CO2萃取红花籽油的实验研究

以萃取优质红花籽油为目的，以红花籽为原料，考察了各操作参数对红花籽油萃取率的影响。结果表明：萃取压力、CO2流量和原料粒径对红花籽油萃取率产生较大影响，其他因素影响较小。在萃取压力28MPa、萃取温度40℃、CO2流量3．55k/gh、粒径0．4mm，含水量0．5％，时间120min的条件下，萃取率可达90％。经气相色谱分析红花籽油的组成，亚油酸含量高达85％，不饱和脂肪酸的含量约92％。萃取物分析表明：超临界红花籽油的品质优于传统方法得到的红花籽油。     

Enrichment of tocols from rice germ oil using supercritical carbon dioxide

An efficient process was developed for enrichment of tocols from rice germ oil (RGO) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO₂). Tocols were efficiently enriched in residue by removal of fatty acid methyl ester from the esterified RGO using SC‐CO₂. The enrichment of tocols was carried out at an operating pressure of 12.4–15.8 MPa, an operating temperature of 40–60 °C and a carbon dioxide flow rate of 5.0 L min^?1. The combination of 13.8 MPa pressure and 60 °C temperature was selected as the most suitable for efficient enrichment of tocols. The level of tocols (1270 mg/100 g) in the residue obtained at these operating conditions was six times higher than the tocols level (192 mg/100 g) of the starting material, namely esterified RGO. There were no significant differences in relative percentages of tocols homologues between esterified RGO and the residue obtained by SC‐CO₂ extraction.     

超临界CO2萃取大蒜提取物的研究

研究了超临界二氧化碳萃取大蒜精油的可行性,其最佳的提取工艺条件为15MPa,40℃;若只需得到蒜素可采用发酵醇提法预处理,这样所得蒜素得率最高,可达44.57%;若要得到大蒜精油还必须进一步利用有机溶剂萃取,得率为1.8 g/kg.     

超临界二氧化碳提取辣椒籽油工艺的可视化分析研究

对采用超临界二氧化碳技术提取辣椒籽油进行了较为系统的研究。选择提取压力、分离压力、提取温度、提取时间4个主要影响因素,运用多因素多水平设计法安排实验,选择分离釜1、分离釜2中辣椒籽油质量之和为实验指标,用自主提出的多因素多水平实验结果可视化分析方法对多维空间实验数据进行分析。找出最佳工艺范围为:提取压力为18～35MPa,分离1压力为9.8～10.8MPa,提取温度为35～40℃和提取时间为40～60min。     

超临界CO2分离提纯磷脂的工艺研究

提取磷脂常用的方法主要有:有机溶剂提取法和超临界CO2提取法两大类。有机溶剂提取的磷脂中残留有机溶剂量往往超标,使磷脂的使用受到极大的限制,而超临界CO2提取以其绿色化工艺逐渐受到人们的重视。对目前采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取大豆磷脂和蛋黄磷脂的典型工艺进行了分析、归纳和总结,同时提出了当前提取磷脂面临的困难及相应的解决方案。     

超临界CO2萃取花椒籽油工艺的响应面优化

利用响应面法对花椒籽油的超临界CO2萃取工艺进行优化.在单因素试验基础上,以萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间为影响因素,花椒籽油提取率为响应值,根据中心组合(Box-Benhnken)试验设计原理采用3因素3水平的响应面分析法,确定各工艺条件对提取率的影响.结果表明,超临界CO2萃取花椒籽油的最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力37 MPa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间65 min,花椒籽油提取率可达19.65%.     

Impact of supercritical carbon dioxide turmeric extract on the oxidative stability of perilla oil

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of supercritical carbon dioxide turmeric extract (STE) on the oxidative stability of perilla oil (PO), as measured by acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV) and oxidation induction time and compared to control and α-tocopherol containing PO as a positive control. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, ABTS and FRAPS assays and individual bioactive compounds identified by chromatography. STE demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant activity than the α-tocopherol. The major components of the STE were identified as ar-turmerone, turmerone, curlone and bisabolene by GC-MS and curcumin and demethoxycurcumin by UPLC-Q-TOF MS. During thermal treatment at 65 °C for 24 h, the PO containing STE at different concentrations (100, 300, 500 and 1000 μg mL⁻¹) had significantly lower AV and PV, and at least 1.5 times higher induction period than those of the control and α-tocopherol-incorporated PO.     

Fractionation of buffalo butter oil by supercritical carbon dioxide

Buffalo butter oil was fractionated by supercritical carbon dioxide into four fractions (F₁-F₄). Fractionation was performed at 50 and 70 °C over a pressure range of 10.9-40.1 MPa. Short chain fatty acids (C₄-C₈), medium chain fatty acids (C₁₀-C₁₄) and saturated fatty acids were decreased from F₁ to F₄, while long chain fatty acids (C₁₆-C_18:3) and unsaturated fatty acids were increased. Triacylglycerol molecular species exhibited a similar trend as fatty acids. Cholesterol was concentrated in F₁, and with increasing the fluid density, it decreased by more than 50% in F₄. Substantial changes occurred in the chemical composition of the fractions led to distinctive differences in their thermal profile and solid fat content. Fractions obtained in the initial stages of the fractionation exhibited lower melting behavior that obtained in the late stages.     

超临界CO2下酶催化脂质水解反应

近年来以超临界CO_2流体作为反应介质已成为化学和生物化学反应研究一个热点,以超临界CO_2流体为介质进行酶催化脂质水解反应,与其它非水相酶催化介质相比,有其独特优越性。该文介绍超临界CO_2流体特性及在超临界CO_2流体中影响酶催化脂质水解因素。     

Effects of supercritical and liquid carbon dioxide extraction on hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil

The increase in the popularity of hemp-based products is mainly linked to the presence of non-psychoactive cannabinoids that provide relief from aches, pain and anxiety. In this study, hemp seed oils were produced by two innovative and environmentally friendly extraction techniques: supercritical and liquid carbon dioxide (CO₂) extraction. The chemical composition of the two oils was analysed and compared with that of a control oil obtained by solvent (n-hexane) extraction. Both oils obtained by liquid and supercritical CO₂ extraction presented interesting compositions: they contained large amounts of cannabinoids, polyphenols and tocopherols and were less oxidised than the control and contained a large amount of hexanal, which provided a pleasant aroma. The maximum cannabinoid content was found in the oil obtained by liquid CO₂ extraction (71.51 mg of cannabidiol per kg of oil and 113.92 mg of cannabinol per kg of oil). Carotenoids were prevalent in the oil obtained by supercritical CO₂ extraction (61.00 mg kg⁻¹ of oil).     

超临界二氧化碳萃取黄柏挥发油工艺

使用超临界二氧化碳技术对经过超声-微波处理过的黄柏中的挥发油进行萃取,并对萃取工艺进行响应面优化。在单因素预实验的基础上,以萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间为响应因素,黄柏挥发油的萃取量为响应值,根据中心组合(Box-Behnken)实验设计原理,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法,确定各工艺条件对萃取量的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对萃取前、未超声-微波处理超临界萃取后及超声-微波处理超临界萃取后的黄柏进行比较观察,对萃取效果进行了微观解释。结果表明,经过超声-微波处理过的黄柏中的挥发油超临界二氧化碳萃取最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力为34MPa,萃取温度为41℃,萃取时间为66min,萃取率达6.03%。     

PLA纤维超临界CO2染色研究

探讨了PLA纤维分散染料超临界CO2流体染色的可行性。研究了温度、压力、时间等因素对染色效果的影响；用正交试验法确定了最佳染色工艺。结果表明，随着温度升高，纤维的表观染色深度明显增加；升高压力或延长染色时间，K／S值存在一个最大值；试验用分散染料的最佳染色工艺为温度100℃、时间40min、压力20MPa。     

超临界CO2萃取姜黄油的工艺研究

本运用均匀试验设计研究了超临界CO2流体萃取姜黄油的工艺条件，试验结果表明：最佳的萃取工艺条件为萃取压力36MPa，萃取温度50℃，CO2流量15kg／h，萃取时间3h。     

Response surfaces of hazelnut oil yield in supercritical carbon dioxide

Response Surface Methodology was used to determine the effects of solvent flow rate (1, 3 and 5 g/min), pressure (300, 375 and 450 bar) and temperature (40, 50 and 60 °C) on hazelnut oil yield in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂). Oil yield was represented by a second order response surface equation (R²=0.997) using Box-Bhenken design of experiments. Oil yield increased with increasing SC-CO₂ flow rate, pressure and temperature. The maximum oil yield was predicted from the response surface equation as 0.19 g oil/g hazelnut (34% of initial oil) when 4 g hazelnut particles (particle diameter<0.85 mm) were extracted with 5 g/min SC-CO₂ flow rate at 450 bar, and 60 °C for 10 min. Total extraction time at these conditions was predicted to be 35 min.