共轭亚油酸研究进展

共轭亚油酸是天然存在于食品中的亚油酸异构体,具有抗癌、抗氧化、降低血清胆固醇、抑制脂肪积累、促进生长、刺激免疫等作用,是一种新的保健功能脂质。本文对其生理功能、来源等研究情况进行论述。     

Preparation and properties of probiotic cheese high in conjugated linoleic acid content

The development of probiotic Ras cheese rich in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was investigated using probiotic Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus starters. The cheeses were assessed for composition, proteolysis, fatty acids and fat stability, and microbiology during 3 months of ripening. The cheese made with Lb. casei and Lb. acidophilus retained high counts of the probiotic strains (～log 8) throughout storage. Ripening changes followed the normal pattern of this type of cheese during ripening. Ras cheese made with Lb. casei and Lb. acidophilus contained the highest CLA content (0.84% after 3 months) as compared to control and cheese fat had acceptable oxidative stability.     

酶法合成高含量共轭亚油酸甘油酯

选用AB-8大孔弱极性树脂对脂肪酶进行固定化,固定化脂肪酶的活力为210U／g。用此固定化酶催化共轭亚油酸乙酯和大豆油合成富含共轭亚油酸（CLA）的改性大豆油,最佳反应条件为：底物摩尔比（n（CLA乙酯）：n（大豆油））1：0．33,酶加量21U／g,反应温度60℃。放大反应体系,对反应产物中的CLA含量进行检测分析表明,其含量可达37％。     

植物乳杆菌转化合成共轭亚油酸的培养基条件优化

生物法转化合成共轭亚油酸,产物中异构体组成单一,具有很好的应用前景。通过一株植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)合成共轭亚油酸的培养基成分进行优化,确定最优的培养基组成:葡萄糖20g/L,酵母浸出物40g/L,硫酸镁0.5g/L,硫酸锰0.5g/L,乙酸钠2g/L,磷酸氢二钾1g/L。优化后,共轭亚油酸产量达到0.259g/L,相比优化前(0.0455g/L)有了较大的提升。      

一株植物乳杆菌转化生成共轭亚油酸的特性研究

报道了一株植物乳杆菌(L.plantarumLT2-6)发酵转化亚油酸(LA)生成共轭亚油酸(CLA)的特性研究。微氧环境有利于CLA的生成;温度为37℃、初始pH为7.0、底物LA浓度为0.075%时,菌体生长及CLA生成量较高。时间曲线结果表明,接种后8h,CLA开始生成;发酵24h时,CLA生成量达到最高(0.29g/L),LA转化率为387%。生成的CLA产物主要为cis9,trans11/trans9,cis11-CLA。     

Production of free conjugated linoleic acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei of human intestinal origin

A gas chromatographic procedure was used for analysis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic; trans-10, cis-12 octadecadienoic; and trans-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic (c9t11, t10c12, t9t11) produced by lactobacilli. Four different cultures, two strains each of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei were tested for their ability to produce CLA from free linoleic acid in MRS broth supplemented with linoleic acid. Different concentrations of linoleic acid (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/ml) were added to MRS broth, inoculated with the lactobacilli, and incubated at 37 degrees C. Viable counts and amounts of individual isomers of CLA (c9t11, t10c12, t9t11) were measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. All the cultures were able to produce free CLA in media supplemented with linoleic acid. Maximum production of CLA (80.14 to 131.63 microg/ml) was observed at 24 h of incubation in broth containing 0.02% of free linoleic acid. No significant (P > 0.05) increases in total CLA levels were observed after 24 h of incubation. The ability of the cultures to produce CLA in skim milk supplemented with 0.02% free linoleic acid also was studied. In this medium, the total amounts of free CLA after 24 h of incubation ranged from 54.31 to 116.53 microg/ml. The use of lactic acid bacteria able to form free CLA in cultured dairy products may have potential health or nutritional benefits. Free CLA in the products likely would be more readily available for absorption from the digestive tract than if it were incorporated into the cells of the starter culture.     

水为溶剂体系碱法异构化合成共轭亚油酸的研究

研究了以葵花籽油为原料,水为溶剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂合成共轭亚油酸的方法。确定的最佳条件为:反应温度210℃,反应时间2 h,加碱量为油重的40%,油水比1∶2,在此条件下转化率为98.3%。该方法避免了常规方法中贵重溶剂的消耗和分离困难的问题,对于降低生产成本和简化操作具有积极意义。     

Chemical, physical, and sensory properties of dairy products enriched with conjugated linoleic acid

Recent studies have illustrated the effects of cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on human health. Ruminant-derived meat, milk and dairy products are the predominant sources of cis-9,trans-11 CLA in the human diet. This study evaluated the processing properties, texture, storage characteristics, and organoleptic properties of UHT milk, Caerphilly cheese, and butter produced from a milk enriched to a level of cis-9,trans-11 CLA that has been shown to have biological effects in humans. Forty-nine early-lactation Holstein-British Friesian cows were fed total mixed rations containing 0 (control) or 45 g/kg (on dry matter basis) of a mixture (1:2 wt/wt) of fish oil and sunflower oil during two consecutive 7-d periods to produce a control and CLA-enhanced milk, respectively. Milk produced from cows fed the control and fish and sunflower oil diets contained 0.54 and 4.68 g of total CLA/100 g of fatty acids, respectively. Enrichment of CLA in raw milk from the fish and sunflower oil diet was also accompanied by substantial increases in trans C18:1 levels, lowered C18:0, cis-C18:1, and total saturated fatty acid concentrations, and small increases in n-3 polyunsatu-rated fatty acid content. The CLA-enriched milk was used for the manufacture of UHT milk, butter, and cheese. Both the CLA-enhanced butter and cheese were less firm than control products. Although the sensory profiles of the CLA-enriched milk, butter, and cheese differed from those of the control products with respect to some attributes, the overall impression and flavor did not differ. In conclusion, it is feasible to produce CLA-enriched dairy products with acceptable storage and sensory characteristics.     

Milk conjugated linoleic acid response to fish oil supplementation of diets differing in fatty acid profiles

The objective of this experiment was to examine the effect of feeding fish oil (FO) along with fat sources that varied in their fatty acid compositions (high stearic, high oleic, high linoleic, or high linolenic acids) to determine which combination would lead to maximum conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9,trans-11 CLA) and transvaccenic acid (TVA) concentrations in milk fat. Twelve Holstein cows (eight multiparous and four primiparous cows) at 73 (+/- 32) DIM were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square with 4-wk periods. Treatment diets were 1) 1% FO plus 2% fat source high in stearic acid (HS), 2) 1% FO plus 2% fat from high oleic acid sunflower seeds (HO), 3) 1% FO plus 2% fat from high linoleic acid sunflower seeds (HLO), and 4) 1% FO plus 2% fat from flax seeds (high linolenic; HLN). Diets formulated to contain 18% crude protein were composed of 50% (dry basis) concentrate mix, 25% corn silage, 12.5% alfalfa haylage, and 12.5% alfalfa hay. Milk production (35.8, 36.3, 34.9, and 35.0 kg/d for diets 1 to 4) was similar for all diets. Milk fat percentages (3.14, 2.81, 2.66, and 3.08) and yields (1.13, 1.02, 0.93, and 1.08 kg/d) for diets 1 to 4 were lowest for HLO. Milk protein percentages (3.04, 3.03, 3.10, and 3.08) and dry matter intake (DMI) (25.8, 26.0, 26.2, and 26.2 kg/d) for diets 1 to 4 were similar for all diets. Milk cis-9,trans-11 CLA concentrations (0.70, 1.04, 1.70, and 1.06 g/100 g fatty acids) for diet 1 to 4 and yields (7.7, 10.7, 15.8, and 11.3 g/d) for diets 1 to 4 were greatest with HLO and were least with HS. Milk cis-9,trans-11 CLA concentrations and yields were similar for cows fed the HO and the HLN diets. Similar to milk cis-9,trans-11 CLA, milk TVA concentration (1.64, 2.49, 3.74, and 2.41 g/100 g fatty acids) for diets 1 to 4 was greatest with the HLO diet and least with the HS diet. Feeding a high linoleic acid fat source with fish oil most effectively increased concentrations and yields of milk cis-9,trans-11 CLA and TVA.     

Effect of dose of calcium salts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on percentage and fatty acid content of milk fat in midlactation holstein cows

Increasing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk fat from lactating dairy cattle has become a research interest due to the possible health benefits afforded humans consuming CLA. Dietary supplementation of CLA to lactating dairy cows is one potential method by which CLA content of milk and dairy products may be enhanced. Feeding CLA in calcium salt form could potentially deliver CLA to the lower digestive tract through prevention of biohydrogenation by rumen microbes. Milk fat depression (MFD) occurs when cows receive CLA-60, a commercially available CLA source containing numerous CLA isomers, abomasally. Our objectives were to determine the quantity of CLA as calcium salts required to elicit maximal MFD and to evaluate the effects of CLA supplementation on fatty acid composition of milk fat. Five Holstein cows at approximately 93 DIM were utilized in a 5 x 5 balanced Latin square crossover design. Periods were 14-d in length with a 5-d treatment phase and 9-d rest phase. Treatments were 5-d supplementation of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g of CLA-60 in calcium salt form. Milk samples were collected on d 5 of CLA supplementation and analyzed for composition and fatty acid profile. Regression analysis of milk fat data suggested that MFD was not maximized over the dose levels investigated, despite delivery of 34.5 g of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in the 100-g dose of CLA. Supplementation with 50 and 100 g of CLA per day resulted in a reduction of milk fat percent of 29 and 34%, respectively. Trend analysis indicated a linear decrease in the milk fat content of caprylic, capric, and lauric acids as the dose of CLA increased. Milk fat content of cis-9, trans-11, and trans-10, cis-12 CLA increased at an increasing rate as dose increased.     

微生物合成共轭亚油酸机理的研究进展

相比于共轭亚油酸（CLA）的化学合成,微生物合成CLA与化学法具有培养灵活、对设备要求低、产物分离简单等优势。主要讨论了微生物合成CLA的研究进展,亚油酸（LA）能被微生物转化的原因,以及微生物合成CLA的机理。CLA的合成机理从微生物在动物瘤胃内混合发酵代谢LA和单一微生物在体外合成CLA两方面进行阐述。     

共轭亚油酸甘油酯的研究进展

共轭亚油酸甘油酯的合成方法主要有化学合成法与酶催化合成法,分离与纯化方法主要有超临界CO2萃取法与分子蒸馏法。对共轭亚油酸甘油酯的合成方法、分离与纯化、储存稳定性方面的研究进展进行了综述。指出开发一种绿色环保、成本低的共轭亚油酸甘油酯合成新方法很有必要。     

共轭亚油酸免疫调节功能试验研究

共轭亚油酸免疫调节作用的试验研究。按0．43、0．86、1．29g／kg．bw剂量,采用SPF昆明种小鼠连续给予受试物一个月,与空白组进行比较。结果显示共轭亚油酸具有显著的免疫调节作用。     

共轭亚油酸酯类衍生物的研究进展

共轭亚油酸酯类衍生物具有抗氧化、抗癌、降低胆固醇、减肥、降血糖血脂等多种生理功能,在食品、化妆品、医药及饲料行业中均具有广阔的应用前景。为了推动共轭亚油酸酯类衍生物的生产应用,综述了共轭亚油酸酯类衍生物的种类及合成方法、分离纯化方法、检测方法、储存稳定性及其应用。指出推动酶法合成共轭亚油酸酯类衍生物工业化、多种分离纯化方法结合以及进一步提高共轭亚油酸酯类衍生物的储存稳定性是今后的重点研究方向。     

无溶剂体系酶法催化合成共轭亚油酸薄荷酯

在无溶剂体系中采用脂肪酶AY 30催化共轭亚油酸(CLA)和L-薄荷醇反应,合成共轭亚油酸薄荷酯。研究了酶用量、水用量、反应温度和反应时间对酯化率和产物共轭亚油酸薄荷酯组成的影响。结果表明:最佳酯化率的反应条件为酶用量2%,水用量8%,反应温度45℃,反应时间48h;产物中c9t,11-CLA含量最高时的反应条件为酶用量2%,水用量4%,反应温度40℃,反应时间12 h,在此条件下,产物中c9,t11-CLA含量可达86.32%。     

共轭亚油酸对小麦淀粉理化性质的影响

为研究共轭亚油酸(CLA)对小麦淀粉(WS)理化性质的影响,采用快速黏度计、差示扫描量热仪、动态流变仪等,研究了小麦淀粉-共轭亚油酸(WS-CLA)复合体系的糊化性质、热性质、流变性质。结果表明,CLA影响WS的理化性质。CLA阻碍WS吸水溶胀,使其峰值黏度降低、糊化焓升高。CLA使WS抗老化能力增强、更易形成弹性凝胶,表现为老化率和tanδ降低。     

共轭亚油酸的抗氧化活性及其抗氧化剂筛选

目的:考查共轭亚油酸的抗氧化活性并筛选对其活性有保护作用的抗氧化剂。方法:采用连苯三酚体系考察共轭亚油酸及其乙酯的抗氧化性;运用气相色谱—质谱联用技术考察影响共轭亚油酸稳定性的因素,筛选保存共轭亚油酸适宜添加的抗氧化剂并考察合适的加入量。结果:共轭亚油酸及其乙酯在连苯三酚体系实验体系中均表现出良好的抗氧化作用,在筛选的抗氧化剂中,TBHQ、茶多酚、BHA、BHT效果理想。结论:共轭亚油酸具有明显的抗氧化性,建议使用抗氧化剂TBHQ与茶多酚保护其免于氧化分解。     

植物乳杆菌ZS2058转化亚油酸为共轭亚油酸条件的初步研究

研究了植物乳杆菌ZS2058转化亚油酸为共轭亚油酸的条件,在培养基中添加10g/L吐温-80制成LA-吐温-80胶束溶液,可以提高CLA的转化率,最佳转化温度为35℃,添加1mg/mL的LA有较高的转化率和CLA产量。在MRS、SKM、KPB三种转化体系中SKM的转化率较高。在含LA的培养基中预培养12h,可以提高CLA的转化率。最佳转化接种量在1%～2%之间。