大豆分离蛋白、木薯淀粉与转谷氨酰胺酶组合对鲢鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响

探究了大豆分离蛋白、木薯淀粉及转谷氨酰胺酶对鲢鱼鱼糜制品的影响并确定最适添加量。结果表明,当大豆分离蛋白添加量6%,木薯淀粉添加量9%以及转谷氨酰胺酶添加量4U/g·蛋白时,能有效增加鱼糜的持水性,降低其蒸煮损失,且不会使鱼糜带有大豆分离蛋白的淡黄色,同时提高了鱼糜的凝胶强度,鲢鱼鱼糜制品各项指标较好。通过低场核磁共振和扫描电镜检测发现,未添加的对照组在6次冻融后凝胶结构完全被破坏,不易移动水峰面积(A_(23))下降了25%,试验组凝胶结构比较致密,A_(23)下降了11%,进一步验证了此配方组合对鱼糜在冻融循环过程中凝胶结构的稳定性具有保护作用。     

不同来源蛋白酶水解对大豆分离蛋白分散性及溶解性的影响

研究了动物(胰蛋白酶)、植物(木瓜蛋白酶与菠萝蛋白酶)、微生物(碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶)三种来源蛋白酶的低限度水解对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)分散性和溶解性的影响。结果表明,三种来源蛋白酶轻度水解可显著提高SPI的分散性,但却使其溶解性有不同程度的降低。三种来源蛋白酶水解产物的分散度大小依次为:植物来源蛋白酶>微生物来源蛋白酶>动物来源蛋白酶,而其溶解性则相反:动物来源蛋白酶>微生物来源蛋白酶>植物来源蛋白酶。本文对采用酶解的方法制备高分散性与高溶解性SPI具有一定的参考价值。通过对木瓜蛋白酶水解沉淀物进行分析,可以推测酶解使SPI溶解度显著下降的原因可能是SPI被水解后通过疏水作用力和氢键相互聚集形成了不溶性的沉淀。     

Technological and functional properties of reduced-salt pork batter incorporated with soy protein isolate after pressure treatment

To investigate the effects of different pressures (0.1–400 MPa), the techno-functional properties, water distribution and mobility of reduced-salt pork batters (1% NaCl) supplemented with soy protein isolate (SPI, 2%) were examined. Compared with the batters treated at 0.1 MPa, those treated at 100–300 MPa showed significantly increased the cooking yield, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and G′ values of gel and reduced the initial relaxation times of T_2b, T₂₁ and T₂₂, as observed from the results of low-field NMR. Among all samples, those treated at 200 and 300 MPa had the highest L^* value, cooking yield, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and G′ value of gel, with the largest peak ratio of P₂₁ and the smallest peak ratio of P₂₂. Overall, treatments at 200 and 300 MPa improved the gel properties and lowered the water mobility of reduced-salt pork batters supplemented with SPI.     

Nutritional quality of model low‐fat pork patties manufactured with the use of soy protein isolate

Proximate composition and amino acid and fatty acid profiles of low‐fat pork patties manufactured with the addition of soy protein isolate (SPI) were determined and their energy values were calculated. Patties with SPI were characterised by a higher content of protein than the control. Although the 10% SPI added sample showed the highest energy value of all samples, it contained the lowest amount of fat and therefore the share of energy from the fat of this sample was lower than those of the other samples. The essential amino acid indices of SPI added patties were lower than those of the control, but they were still favourable compared to the FAO/WHO/UNU reference pattern of protein. The fatty acid composition of fat was positively influenced by the addition of SPI, as an increase in C18:2, C18:3, total PUFA and PUFA/SFA ratio along with an increased amount of SPI added to patties was observed.     

大豆分离蛋白与小麦粉复配对面制食品品质影响的研究进展

综述了添加大豆分离蛋白对面条、面包、馒头等面制品食用品质的影响,得出在小麦粉中添加适量的大豆分离蛋白后,能够使其蛋白质含量增加,有效地改善面制品的食用品质、面筋强度、流变学性质、营养价值,延长其货架期。     

不同浓度大豆分离蛋白热诱导聚集体的研究

采用体积排阻色谱(SEC-HPLC)和激光光散射(LLS)研究了由醇洗豆粕制备的不同浓度的大豆分离蛋白热诱导聚集体(100℃,15 min)的分子量分布和粒径分布。SEC-HPLC检测结果表明,经热处理的蛋白溶液主要由3部分组成,即聚集体、中间体及未聚集部分;蛋白浓度为1%时,聚集体的百分含量为18.70%;蛋白浓度增加到5%时,聚集体的百分含量增加到54.15%;同时LLS的测定结果表明,蛋白溶液有不均一的粒径分布且体系浓度增加时平均粒径(Rh)由56.5 nm增至144.9 nm。     

不同酶类改性对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响

大豆分离蛋白的可控降解可以显著改善其乳化性和起泡性,分别选用来自动物、植物和微生物的胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和米曲蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白进行水解,对其水解程度与乳化性、起泡性和溶解性的关系进行研究。     

大豆分离蛋白对湿米粉储藏品质的影响

以湿米粉储藏过程中硬度、蒸煮损失和断条率的变化为指标,研究大豆分离蛋白对湿米粉品质的影响。结果表明,大豆分离蛋白会导致湿米粉硬度的升高,但在储藏过程中添加大豆分离蛋白的湿米粉硬度低于未添加大豆分离蛋白的湿米粉,这表明大豆分离蛋白可显著改善湿米粉在储藏过程中的硬度升高现象;当大豆分离蛋白添加量低于4%时,湿米粉的蒸煮损失和断条率均随大豆分离蛋白添加量的增加而下降;但大豆分离蛋白添加量达6%时,湿米粉的蒸煮损失和断条率上升。结果表明适量的大豆分离蛋白可改善湿米粉的食用品质,但大豆分离蛋白添加量不是越多越好。差示热量扫描和微观结构分析发现大豆分离蛋白可抑制湿米粉中淀粉的回生,赋予米粉蜂窝状多孔结构,有利于米粉在储藏过程中保持水分不发生迁移从而提高湿米粉品质。     

影响大豆分离蛋白提取率因素及实际解决方法

该文结合原料和生产过程中各个环节,分析影响大豆分离蛋白得率因素,并提出相应解决方法或工艺条件控制。     

Evaluation of various salt levels and different dairy proteins in combination with microbial transglutaminase on the quality characteristics of restructured pork ham

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of restructured pork hams (RH) manufactured with various salt levels (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) and different dairy proteins (sodium caseinate, SC and whey protein isolate, WPI; 1.0%) in combination with microbial transglutaminase (MTGase; 0.3%). Reduced‐salt (0.5% and 1.0%) RH resulted in reductions of moisture contents (%), textural springiness, cooking yield and most sensory preferences (P < 0.05). When dairy proteins in combination with MTGase were incorporated into the manufacture of RH, SC with MTGase was shown to reduce cooking loss (CL, %) and to increase the textural springiness and chewiness of RH, whereas WPI with MTGase increased textural springiness and chewiness, as well as the shear value of RH (P < 0.05). On the contrary, MTGase with dairy proteins improved the sensory preferences of reduced‐salt (1.0%) RH to give it similar sensory properties to those of the regular‐salt (1.5%) RH controls (CTL) (P > 0.05). The findings of this study demonstrated that the combination of 1.0% dairy proteins and 0.3% MTGase could affect improvements in the functional, textural and sensory properties of reduced‐salt (1.0%) RH.     

大豆分离蛋白的特性研究

研究水解后不同分子量范围的大豆分离蛋白功能性方面,分子量在1000～2000D时候乳化活性和乳化稳定性最大,分别为176.9mL/g和120min;持水性方面分子量小于1000D时候最大,为66.2%;黏度方面,分子量大于4000D时候最大,为1.8cp;持油率方面分子量范围在大于4000D范围内最大,为378.42%。     

含大豆分离蛋白的干酪在成熟过程中化学组成和感官特性的变化

分析了不同大豆分离蛋白含量的干酪在成熟期化学组成（水分、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分）的变化，评价了其感官特性。结果表明，质量分数为5%大豆分离蛋白的干酪与纯牛乳干酪相比，其感官特性最佳。     

大豆分离蛋白对涂抹型再制干酪质构的影响

添加大豆蛋白可降低涂抹型再制干酪的成本，但也会对再制干酪的质构产生一定的影响。设计4因素3水平正交实验．应用TA—XT2i型物性分析仪考察添加了大豆蛋白后的再制干酪产品的质构变化，使用Statistix 8.0统计分析软件对实验结果进行统计分析并作出比较和对正交试验作极差分析。结果表明，4个因素在水平不同的9组正交实验的结果的差异性显著（p〈0.05），在极差分析中，4个因素对硬度的影响排序为D〉C〉A〉B；4个因素对剪切功的影响排序为D〉A〉B〉C；4个因素对粘着性的影响排序为A〉B〉D〉C；4个因素对感官评价的影响排序为A〉D〉C〉B。最后重做不同的最优组并再次测定各项指标，得到最好的组合为大豆蛋白添加量6％．黄油添加量10％，乳化盐添加量1、5％，加水量50％（均为质量分数，下同）。     

不同淀粉与大豆分离蛋白混合涂层对冷却牛肉贮藏品质的影响

研究淀粉（木薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、豌豆淀粉和高直链淀粉）与大豆分离蛋白混合可食性涂层对冷却牛肉贮藏品质的影响。研究在4℃下贮藏5d过程中,各种淀粉与大豆分离蛋白混合涂层对冷却牛肉失重率、颜色、pH、硫代巴比妥酸值和感官评价得分的影响。结果发现豌豆淀粉和玉米淀粉与大豆分离蛋白混合涂层不仅有效降低冷却牛肉中水分损失（分别为9.97%和12.83%,低于聚乙烯膜包装）,而且较好的保持冷却牛肉的感官指标。     

马来酸酐酰化改性对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响

研究马来酸酐酰化改性对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响。结果表明:随着马来酸酐用量的增大,大豆分离蛋白的酰化度增大,等电点降低;随着酰化度的增大,大豆分离蛋白构象松散,色氨酸残基的微环境趋向于暴露于水的状态,亲水性增强;经马来酸酐酰化改性后,大豆分离蛋白的溶解性、发泡性、乳化性及乳化稳定性均显著提升,但泡沫稳定性有所下降。研究表明,马来酸酐酰化改性大豆分离蛋白是一种非常有前景的功能性食品添加剂。     

大豆分离蛋白酶解液体外抗氧化性的研究

以大豆分离蛋白为底物，以抗氧化性为指标，从6种蛋白酶中筛选出碱性内切蛋白酶为最佳水解酶，优化了其最佳水解条件，并测定了碱性内切蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白所得酶解液的亚油酸过氧化抑制率和清除氧自由基活力。结果表明，碱性内切蛋白酶最佳水解条件为T=55℃，pH=7．5，E／[S]=5％，[S]=4．5％，水解时间t=3h，其水解大豆分离蛋白所得酶解液的亚油酸过氧化抑制率为28．4％，清除氧自由基活力为45．6％。