干燥方法对白牛肝菌和鸡枞菌品质特性的影响

本研究以白牛肝菌和鸡枞菌为原料,采用微波-热风联合干燥、热风干燥和真空冷冻干燥三种方法对菌菇进行处理,研究干燥方法对菌菇色泽、复水率、质构特性及微观结构等品质特性的影响。结果表明:色泽方面,真空冷冻干燥和微波-热风联合干燥优于热风干燥;复水性方面,真空冷冻干燥法优于微波-热风联合干燥法和热风干燥法,又以鸡枞菌的复水性最佳;质构方面,不同方法干燥后,菌菇硬度、弹性和咀嚼性变化规律相同,各指标强度大小排序为热风干燥 > 微波热风联合干燥 > 真空冷冻干燥;微观结构方面,微波-热风联合干燥和真空冷冻干燥后的菌菇截面呈多孔状,热风干燥菌菇的多孔网状结构不明显。综合考虑,白牛肝菌和鸡枞菌的干燥方法首选真空冷冻干燥,其次为微波-热风联合干燥,不宜选择热风干燥。     

微波真空冷冻干燥对芒果干制品品质特性的影响

为获得较优的芒果干燥方法,以复水性、感官为评价指标,比较微波真空冷冻干燥、热板真空冷冻干燥和热风干燥3种不同干燥方法对芒果干制品品质的影响。结果表明：真空冷冻干燥法的产品各项指标均优于热风干燥法。微波真空冷冻干燥的产品复水性最好,25℃与100℃最大复水比分别为3.363、3.674;其次为热板真空冷冻干燥,两温度条件下与微波真空冷冻干燥产品复水比相差较小;热风干燥产品复水性最差,分别为2.140、3.028。感官指标中色泽、香气和口味3方面均为：微波真空冷冻干燥＞热板真空冷冻干燥＞热风干燥。     

不同干燥方式对莲子品质的影响

研究了莲子的热风干燥、真空微波干燥、真空冷冻干燥、热风-真空微波干燥和热风-气流膨化干燥5 种不同干燥方式及其对莲子干燥产品物理性质、主要营养成分和微观结构的影响。结果表明：总色差值大小顺序为真空冷冻干燥＞热风-气流膨化干燥＞热风干燥＞真空微波干燥＞热风-真空微波干燥;硬度大小顺序为热风干燥＞真空微波干燥＞热风-真空微波干燥＞热风-气流膨化干燥＞真空冷冻干燥,而脆度大小顺序为真空冷冻干燥＜真空微波干燥＜热风干燥＜热风-真空微波干燥＜热风-气流膨化干燥;比容大小顺序为真空冷冻干燥＞热风-气流膨化干燥＞热风-真空微波干燥＞真空微波干燥＞热风干燥;复水性大小顺序为真空冷冻干燥＞热风-气流膨化干燥＞热风-真空微波干燥＞真空微波干燥＞热风干燥;5 种产品中的蛋白质和粗纤维含量相差不大;真空冷冻干燥、热风-真空微波干燥与热风-气流膨化干燥产品的微观结构均观察到明显的蜂窝状结构,热风干燥产品仍为致密结构,真空微波干燥产品中仅出现少量空隙。综合看来,热风-气流膨化干燥可以作为开发莲子休闲食品的适合加工方式。     

不同干燥方式对颗粒状果蔬品质变化的影响

分别对真空微波干燥、冷冻干燥、热风干燥及热风与真空微波联合干燥等不同干燥方式对颗粒状果蔬质量变化的影响进行了讨论，以VC和叶绿素的保持、色泽的差异、收缩和复水性能等为质量参数，分别进行比较。真空微波干燥在以上各质量参数方面，虽比冻干产品有一定差距，但远优于常规热风干燥。采用常规热风与真空微波联合干燥方式也能较好地改善颗粒状果蔬的品质。     

Comparative Study of Quality Changes Occurring on Dehydration and Rehydration of Cooked Chickpeas (Cicer Arietinum L.) Subjected to Combined Microwave–Convective and Convective Hot Air Dehydration

ABSTRACT:  Convective hot air dehydration (100 °C) of cooked chickpeas was compared with the combination of microwave–convective hot air dehydration, in terms of microstructure, density, color, texture, dehydration, and rehydration. In the combined drying experiments, 2 levels of microwave power (100 W and 200 W) were investigated, combined continuously with convective air drying at 100 °C. Compared with convective hot air drying, combination drying led to a considerable reduction in dehydration time. Combination drying also improved the porosity of the finished dehydrated product, leading to faster rehydration kinetics. Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that chickpeas subjected to combined drying experienced less shrinkage than those dried by convective hot air. Combination drying at the higher (200 W) level produced a darker ( P < 0.05) rehydrated product with significantly lower relative rehydrated moisture content ( P < 0.05) when compared with the lower (100 W) level of combination drying.     

不同干燥方式对香菇品质的影响

研究热风干燥、微波干燥、真空干燥、冷冻干燥以及远红外干燥5种干燥方式对香菇的营养成分包括水分、灰分、粗脂肪、蛋白质、粗纤维、干物质、高分子多糖和总糖,物理性质包括复水比、感官质量和组织结构的影响。综合上述指标,冷冻干燥对香菇的营养成分影响最小,其次是真空干燥,最差的是热风干燥;复水比和感官质量最好的是冷冻干燥,其次是真空干燥,微波干燥的香菇较差。     

莴苣微波喷动均匀干燥工艺

通过单因素实验和正交实验确定莴苣微波喷动干燥的最佳工艺参数,并将产品和热风、喷动、真空冷冻、真空微波干燥的产品进行比较,旨在发现微波喷动干燥的优势所在。产品的质量主要通过复水率、叶绿素质量分数、色泽、能耗、感官评定等方面来衡量。实验结果表明,莴苣最佳微波喷动干燥参数为干燥前期(10min),微波功率为300W,热风温度为68～78℃,喷动风速为8m/s;干燥后期(45min)微波功率为200W,热风温度为68～78℃,喷动风速为6m/s。检测结果表明,微波喷动干燥产品的复水性、叶绿素质量分数、色差值和感官评定均优于热风干燥、喷动干燥和真空微波干燥产品,复水性和叶绿素质量分数略低于真空冷冻干燥产品,微波喷动干燥在节约能耗方面有显著效果。     

响应面法优化竹笋过热蒸汽与真空联合干燥工艺

基于过热蒸汽真空分段联合干燥方式,探讨了过热蒸汽温度、转换时间、真空干燥温度对竹笋干制品复水比和色泽L*值的影响。采用中心组合试验设计,分析过热蒸汽温度、转换时间、真空温度三因素对竹笋干制品品质的影响及交互作用,优化联合干燥工艺。结果表明,最佳联合干燥工艺条件为过热蒸汽温度119℃、转换时间35 min、真空温度为74℃。此时干燥速率及品质均较佳;竹笋复水比为6.23,色泽参数L*值为92.83。优化所得工艺比热风干燥节省时间约56.25%,节省能量约52.65%。研究结果表明,过热蒸汽与真空联合干燥能够实现对竹笋的快速干燥,且比热风干燥更加节能、高效,产品品质更高。     

大蒜干燥工艺的研究

分别采用热风干燥、真空干燥、冷冻干燥、微波真空干燥与真空干燥联合干燥法对大蒜进行干燥 ,研究了各种干燥方法对大蒜中硫代亚磺酸酯保留率和品质的影响 ,采用响应面分析得到微波真空干燥和真空干燥联合干燥法干燥大蒜最佳工艺 :3 76 1W、 3min ,3 3 4 3W、3min ,2 1 7 3W、9min ,1 3 9 1W、3min ,硫代亚磺酸酯保留率 90 2 %。     

微波-热风联用制取笋干工艺条件优化

为获得干燥时间短、干燥品质好的笋干,以竹笋为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,根据中心组合试验设计原理,分析微波干燥功率、微波干燥时间和热风干燥温度3 个因素对笋干感官评分、总干燥时间、复水比、色差和硬度指标的影响,以确定微波-热风联用制取笋干最佳工艺条件。结果表明,制取笋干的最佳工艺条件为：微波干燥功率6.3 W/g、微波干燥时间60 s、热风干燥温度65 ℃。在此条件下得到的笋干感官评分85.6、总干燥时间200 min、复水比6.17,干制品色差ΔE* 19.99、复水制品色差ΔE* 13.92、干制品硬度19 511.23 g、复水制品硬度20010.71 g,该工艺研究结果可为笋干产业化发展提供理论支持。     

响应面法优化青椒微波-真空冷冻联合干燥工艺及品质分析

该研究采用微波-真空冷冻联合干燥方式对青椒进行干制,研究微波功率、中间转换点含水率及真空冷冻干燥时间对青椒干燥产品维生素C含量、感官评分、复水比及a*的影响。通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化微波-真空冷冻联合干燥工艺,并对青椒联合干燥产品的营养成分、风味进行了比较分析。最后研究了微波-真空冷冻联合干燥、微波干燥、真空冷冻干燥对青椒干燥品质的影响。结果表明,联合干燥的最佳工艺条件为微波功率381.17 W,中间转换点含水率61.81%,真空冷冻干燥时间12.04 h。3种青椒联合干燥产品在营养成分和风味上分别具有一定差异性。微波-真空冷冻联合干燥和真空冷冻干燥的青椒产品在质构、青椒组织微观结构、部分理化指标方面均优于微波干燥的青椒产品。     

方便饵丝的微波真空干燥研究

干燥是方便食品加工过程中最重要的环节。通过传统热风干燥和微波真空干燥方法对云南风味食品饵丝进行了干燥对比试验,结果表明:微波真空干燥方法可以不使用添加剂生产出外观、口感、韧性和复水性能优良的方便饵丝,并且能有效降低能耗,缩短干燥时间。     

热风和微波干燥对槟榔的干燥特性及其品质的影响

为探索微波干燥槟榔的特性及其对品质的影响,以新鲜槟榔为试验样品,以热风干燥为对照,对槟榔干燥曲线和复水曲线进行了研究,并比较不同干燥方式对槟榔总酸、总糖和多酚含量的影响。结果表明:P10低功率微波干燥的复水品质比P30高功率微波好,同时,营养成分也得到了较好地保留,因此,P10低功率微波干燥是未来可以替代热风对槟榔进行干燥的方法,研究结果可为工业化微波干燥槟榔提供理论与实践指导。     

几种不同干燥方法对荔枝肉干燥品质的影响

作者对剥壳荔枝用热风干燥法、热风微波耦合干燥法、微波真空干燥法及真空冷冻干燥法进行干燥,分别取其最优的干燥工艺并进行对比,通过测定不同干燥方法的蛋白质、还原糖的成分和色泽,分析干燥产品的质量,据此可根据不同的需求选择不同的干燥方法.     

Microwave‐Osmotic/Microwave‐Vacuum Drying of Whole Cranberries: Comparison with Other Methods

A novel drying method for frozen‐thawed whole cranberries was developed by combining microwave osmotic dehydration under continuous flow medium spray (MWODS) conditions with microwave vacuum finish‐drying. A central composite rotatable design was used to vary temperature (33 to 67 °C), osmotic solution concentration (33 to 67 °B), contact time (5 to 55 min), and flow rate (2.1 to 4.1 L/min) in order to the determine the effects of MWODS input parameters on quality of the dried berry. Quality indices monitored included colorimetric and textural data in addition to anthocyanin retention and cellular structure. Overall it was found that the MWODS‐MWV process was able to produce dried cranberries with quality comparable to freeze dried samples in much shorter time. Additionally, cranberries dried via the novel process exhibited much higher quality than those dried via either vacuum or convective air drying in terms of color, anthocyanin content, and cellular structure.     

热风、微波及其联合干燥对蒜片品质的影响

为研究热风、微波及其联合干燥对蒜片品质的影响,以大蒜片为原料,以干燥速率、硫代亚磺酸酯含量、感官评分、色泽L值、复水比和综合得分为指标,比较不同热风温度和微波功率对蒜片干燥特性和品质的影响,并以热风温度、转换点干基含水量、微波功率为实验因素,设计L₉(33)正交实验对热风微波联合干燥蒜片的工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:60 ℃热风干燥和550 W微波干燥所得蒜片干品的综合得分较高,分别为83.64和80.74分。热风温度和微波功率对联合干燥蒜片的综合得分影响极显著(p<0.01);转换点干基含水量对综合得分影响显著(p<0.05)。热风微波联合干燥蒜片的最佳工艺条件为前期热风65 ℃干燥至转换点干基含水量1.00 g/g,后期采用功率550 W微波干燥至干基含水量0.18 g/g。在此条件下,联合干燥制备脱水蒜片的干燥速率最快,硫代亚磺酸酯含量最高为1.7739 mmol/100 g,综合得分最高为92.21分,感官品质较好。因此,热风微波联合干燥技术是适合蒜片干燥的较好方法。     

Studies on different combined microwave drying of carrot pieces

Three different combined microwave (MW) drying methods were compared, namely microwave‐assisted vacuum drying (MWVD), microwave‐assisted freeze drying (MWFD), microwave‐enhanced spouted bed drying (MWSD), in terms of drying rate, drying uniformity, product colour, rehydration ratio, retention of β‐carotene and vitamin C, and energy consumption. The drying rate of MWVD and MWSD were much faster than that of MWFD. The largest drying rate was obtained in MWSD with 3.5 W g^?1. In general, the colour of MWSD products was very uniform. Rehydration ratio of MWFD carrot pieces was almost the same as the freeze‐dried (FD) products and better than MWVD and MWSD products. In addition, the highest retention of carotene and vitamin C was observed in MWFD carrot pieces. No significant differences were observed in carotene and vitamin C between MWVD and MWSD products. However, the energy consumption in MWFD was the highest.     

不同干燥方式下沙丁鱼干燥特性的比较

为了研究不同干燥方式对沙丁鱼干燥特性的影响,采取冷风、热风、微波真空、冷风-微波真空和热风-微波真空5种干燥方式对沙丁鱼进行处理,研究不同干燥方式对沙丁鱼色泽、质构、水分变化、微观结构和干燥后对蛋白质二级结构的影响。结果表明,不同干燥方式对干制鱼肉色泽影响差异显著(p<0.05),微波真空干燥有助于提高鱼肉的亮度,并与鲜肉最为接近,冷风-微波真空在色度方面表现良好;不同干燥方式对质构影响显著(p<0.05),干燥方式中,微波真空干燥方式有降低硬度、咀嚼度;微观结构中热风和冷风处理后的肌肉纤维紧密,冷风-微波真空处理后的肌肉呈现疏松且密集的网状;干燥使得不易流动水大量流失,水分发生迁移,微波真空与热风-微波真空、冷风-微波真空干燥使肌肉纤维疏松;同时,干燥破坏了蛋白质二级结构,使得α-螺旋向β-折叠、无规则卷曲转化,冷风干燥对其二级结构的影响程度最小,结果为沙丁鱼的生产加工提供理论依据。     

干燥方式对酥脆香菇品质的影响

以香菇为原料,采用真空油炸、常压油炸、冷冻干燥、微波干燥、热风干燥和微波-真空油炸-热风联合干燥6种方式制成酥脆香菇,研究干燥方式对其品质的影响。结果表明：真空油炸香菇的酥脆性和内部的孔洞较大,组织形态、香气和滋味较好,但色泽较暗;冷冻干燥香菇的体积收缩率最小,内部有较多且均匀的孔洞,其感官品质最好;联合干燥香菇的酥脆性最大,体积收缩较真空油炸严重,感官品质仅次于冷冻干燥;常压油炸香菇的香气较好,但组织形态、色泽和酥脆性较差,脂肪含量高;微波干燥和热风干燥香菇的内部结构致密,酥脆性差,体积收缩最严重,感官品质差。以真空油炸和冷冻干燥香菇的综合品质最好。     

Effect of vacuum‐drying,hot air‐drying and freeze‐drying on polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of lemon (Citrus limon) pomace aqueous extracts

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of freeze‐drying, hot air‐drying and vacuum‐drying at 70, 90 and 110 °C, on dried lemon pomace polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were higher in lemon pomace dried by hot air or under vacuum than those dried by freeze‐drying and increased as the temperature increased. The highest total flavonoid content was recorded in the pomace dried under vacuum at 70 and 90 °C. Lemon pomace dried by freeze‐drying had the highest neohesperidin content, whereas pomace dried under vacuum at 70 °C had the highest rutin and p‐coumaric acid content. The highest gallic acid content was recorded in the pomace dried by hot air at 110 °C. The results of this study indicate that drying technique should be carefully selected according to the bioactive compounds aimed to be extracted.