基于分级超结构的换热网络改造优化

建立了基于分级超结构模型的换热网络改造同步优化数学模型。该模型不依赖于夹点约束,不需要预先给定最小传热温差,能够有效权衡改造投资费用与运行费用之间的关系。改造投资费用中考虑了现有换热器的重新配置费用、现有换热器新增传热面积费用和新增换热器费用,符合工程实际要求。针对换热网络改造优化数学模型具有不连续和非线性的特点,数学模型的求解采用双层优化策略,其中表示网络结构调整的离散变量优化利用遗传算法,而表示操作参数的连续变量优化利用粒子群算法优化。2个不同规模的换热网络改造算例用于验证所提出方法的有效性。     

常减压装置换热网络优化应用

常减压装置是炼油能耗大户,其用能水平的高低对炼油厂综合能耗有较大影响。而在完成装置核心工艺的用能优化基础上再进行换热网络优化,是常减压装置的节能重点。应用AspenPlus流程模拟软件,建立某炼油厂常减压装置及换热网络流程模拟模型,并应用热集成技术及夹点技术对装置进行用能分析,对常减压及换热网络进行热集成优化,提出操作优化方案和改造优化方案,提高常减压装置的用能水平和热回收水平。操作优化实施后,装置每年产生的实际经济效益为476.5万元。另结合夹点技术对换热网络进行了三个层面的分析,首先应用夹点技术绘制过程负荷性能图,查看换热网络有无违背夹点换热原则;然后查找有无交叉换热的换热器;最后对可利用的低温余热进行有效利用。提出了相应的改造优化方案,改造方案实施后,预计每年为企业节省400万元的操作成本。     

利用夹点技术优化设计换热网络

本文主要介绍了利用夹点技术设计换热网络的原则及需要注意的问题,并利用夹点技术对延安某炼油厂300万t/年常压蒸馏装置换热网络进行优化设计,使其物流能流合理地匹配,从而达到减少换热单元数目的目的。经过优化设计后,与原有的换热网络相比,换热网络的换热设备数目减少5个,使设备数目达到最优化,从而节省了设备的投资。     

炼油厂脱前原油换热网络的设备优化

利用夹点技术对某炼油厂脱前原油换热网络进行了改造。与原换热网络相比，换热网络的换热设备数目减少了4个，使设备数达到最优化，从而节省了设备的投资。     

烧碱装置蒸汽换热网络系统的用能诊断

针对夹点技术被广泛应用于实际生产过程中的能效分析和节能改造情况,通过提取某氯碱厂烧碱生产现场蒸汽换热网络相关数据,利用Aspen软件对现场实测数据进行夹点分析和能效诊断,并找出换热网络能量利用的瓶颈所在。提出适合于实际生产的改造方法,所得结果可为工厂换热网络节能改造提供借鉴和指导。     

芳烃厂异构化装置换热网络的节能改造

采用夹点技术对某芳烃厂的异构化装置进行了分析,并提出换热网络集成改造方案。从分析中可 知,现行换热网络需要加热公用工程34.13MW,而取夹点温度为20℃,可得最小加热公用工程量为 11.87MW,可见,该装置换热网络存在着较大的节能潜力。提出了两个节能改造方案:一个完全按照夹 点技术的设计法则,为最大回收热量方案,但投资费用较高;另一个方案,保持原有网络结构不变,为最 小变动方案,可以回收20.78MW的热量,投资费用较低。两个方案的投资回收期均较短。     

基于夹点分析技术的常减压装置换热网络优化

常减压装置是原油深度加工的基础,同时也是炼油企业用能大户。针对国内某企业的常减压装置,应用流程模拟软件Aspen HYSYS,建立装置的换热网络模型。以加工原油性质、初馏塔、常压塔、减压塔模拟过程参数及常减压装置对产品质量的要求作为换热网络调整的基础参数,利用Aspen Pinch软件,对装置原有换热网络进行夹点分析,根据原油常减压装置内部冷、热物流特点,分析装置用能瓶颈,得出换热网络初底原油的最高理论换热终温。按照消除原换热物流跨夹点传热、中高温位热源多次合理利用、调整换热效率偏低的设备、现有设备布置变动小、投资省的原则,对换热网络进行改造优化。通过换热流程优化调整,初底油进常压加热炉温度由原来的278℃提高到288℃;降低常压炉加热负荷及燃料消耗,可节省加热炉负荷约60×10~4kcal/h,装置能耗降低约0.7kg标油/t,折合每年创造效益约126万元。     

夹点技术在LNG分馏换热能量优化中的应用

在天然气液化技术工程化研究中,LNG分馏工艺较复杂,且设备种类较多,存在热量利用不充分,公用工程消耗量大的问题,为了节约能源需要对换热网络进行改进。先使用HYSYS软件对分馏工艺进行模拟,得出系统工艺参数,分析现有换热网络能量消耗,得到最小换热温差,再运用夹点技术对分馏区换热网络提出了改造方案。通过改进和优化,充分利用脱乙烷塔底物流的冷量,将分馏区热公用工程消耗量降低了15%,冷公用工程消耗量降低了8%,使用夹点技术对系统工艺和设备参数优化的研究得到了良好的节能效果。     

基于夹点技术的航煤加氢换热网络优化

针对某航煤加氢装置现行换热网络夹点温差不合理导致能耗较大的现状,利用夹点技术对该装置换热网络进行分析、优化。在该装置实际工况下的夹点温差附近选取相应的夹点温差,计算出不同夹点温差对应换热网络的年总费用,得出年总费用最小的夹点温差,即最优夹点温差。在最优夹点温差的基础上生成新的换热网络,结果表明,节能效果显著。     

基于最优夹点温差的换热网络优化设计

介绍了夹点技术基本原理及其在换热网络优化设计中的原则。利用ASPENPinch软件设计了一个有三股热股流、两股冷股流的换热网络，求得最优夹点温差是23．7℃，设计时取值23℃。夹点温差分别取10、23、30％进行换热网络初步优化设计，在相同换热器情况下，三者的总费用分别是44279、41931、42156美元／a。这证明采用最优夹点温差的换热网络经济性最好。     

基于AspenTech的分馏塔用能优化及换热网络夹点分析

炼油工艺过程中,分馏系统的用能优化是换热网络能量优化的必然要求。以荆门石化3．5Mt／a常减压蒸馏装置为例,利用AspenP1us和AsDenEnergyAnalyzer软件,对常压塔以及换热网络的用能情况进行分析,提出能量优化利用思路：变工况条件下．首先优化分馏系统操作参数,再以此为条件,优化换热网络结构,才能实现整个网络的能量优化。利用AspenPIus软件的模型分析功能,确定了常压塔底汽提蒸汽、常压炉出口温度、中段回流以及侧线的最佳操作参数,为换热网络的夹点分析提供基础数据;在分馏塔操作优化基础上,对现有换热网络进行夹点分析,找出最优夹点温差,求得现有换热网络最高理论换热终温（317．7℃）,为进一步优化换热网络提出了目标;通过建立现有换热网络的网格图,找出跨夹点换热的换热器（总共有5台）,为换热网络的改进提供了方向。     

利用夹点技术优化蒸馏换热网络

介绍夹点技术设计的基本原理及设计原则,采用Aspen Hx-net软件,运用夹点技术对某炼油厂常压蒸馏装置换热网络进行优化分析,确定最优传热温差△Tmin、最小公用工程用量和夹点位置,并对换热网络进行了优化.装置运行情况表明,优化后的换热网络节能效果明显,装置投资回收期仅8个月.     

超临界CO2布雷顿循环中换热器夹点判断方法

为了分析超临界CO2布雷顿循环中换热器的夹点情况,建立了换热器传热单元模型,提出了一套系统性的夹点判断方法:夹点的简化判据和分段计算分析方法.结果 表明:夹点简化判据简单易行,但是实用性较为局限;分段计算是一套准确有效的夹点分析方法,能用于换热器夹点存在性、夹点位置和夹点温差的判断分析;高温回热器内一般不存在夹点,最小...     

Reconstruction of a heat exchanger network under industrial constraints — the case of a crude distillation unit

Heat exchanger network retrofit using a pinch based approach is presented. In this approach, the criterion of minimum sensitivity of heat exchanger to fouling effects is accounted for. The present paper introduces this criterion without explaining its details that are described in the literature. A summary is given of HEN reconstruction in a crude distillation unit processing 4.2 million ton crude oil per year. While the total heat quantity of hot streams is 110 MW, the heat recovery in the existing HEN is 60 MW. Using Pinch Analysis, the target value of heat recovery at ΔT_min=10 K was determined at 91 MW. Measurements were carried out on the existing HEN with the aim to determine the influence of fouling effects on the heat transfer in the exchangers. Taking local constraints including fouling into account, HEN reconstruction was proposed. The heat savings in the reconstructed HEN was estimated at 75 MW.     

夹点技术在分布式供能系统设计中的应用

为研究分布式供能系统中动力子系统和换热网络的设计,以爱德医院分布式供能系统为研究对象,采用夹点技术对分布式供能系统的冷热流进行分析,寻找出夹点的位置,分析了换热网络的改进策略,最后对换热网络进行了改进。研究结果表明,内燃机作为动力子系统具有很好的优势,且通过换热网络的优化设计,使热负荷需求减少了107.07kW,大大降低了能量的消耗,节能效果显著。     

Recent development in the retrofit of heat exchanger networks

This work presents a methodology for heat exchanger network (HEN) retrofit, which is applicable to complex industrial revamps, considering existing networks and constraining the number of modifications. The network pinch approach [N.D.K. Asante, X.X. Zhu, An automated approach for heat exchanger network retrofit featuring minimal topology modifications, Comp. Chem. Eng. 20 (1996) S7–S12.] has been modified and extended to apply to the HEN design in which the thermal properties of streams are temperature-dependent. The modified network pinch approach combines structural modifications and cost optimisation in a single step to avoid missing cost-effective design solutions.     

Retrofitting Crude Oil Refinery Heat Exchanger Networks to Minimize Fouling While Maximizing Heat Recovery

Abstract

The use of fouling factors in heat exchanger design and the lack of appreciation of fouling in traditional pinch approaches have often resulted in crude preheat networks that are subject to extensive fouling. The development of thermal and pressure drop models for crude oil fouling has allowed its effects to be quantified so that techno-economic analyses can be performed and design options compared. The application of these fouling models is described here on two levels: the assessment of increasing heat recovery in stream matches (e.g., by adding extra area to exchangers) and the design of a complete network using the Modified Temperature Field Plot. Application to a refinery case study showed that, at both the exchanger and network levels, designing for maximum heat recovery (e.g., using traditional pinch approaches) results in a less efficient system over time due to fouling effects.     

Application for pinch design of heat exchanger networks by use of a computer code employing an improved problem algorithm table

In this work, the methods used in pinch design were applied to a heat exchanger network with the aid of an improved problem algorithm table. This table enables one to compose composite and grand composite curves in a simplified way. A user friendly computer code entitled DarboTEK, compiled by using Visual Basic 3.0, was developed for the design of integrated heat exchanger networks and estimation of related capital costs. Based on the data obtained from the TÜPRA petroleum refinery at Izmit, a retrofit design of heat exchanger networks was accomplished using DarboTEK. An investment of $ 3,576,627 is needed which will be paid back in 1.69 years simply by energy conservation due to heat integration.     

Utilization of excess heat in the pulp and paper industry––a case study of technical and economic opportunities

Newly developed methods and tools based on pinch technology are used in a case study to investigate the potential and economy of using excess heat for pre-evaporation of chemo thermo mechanical pulp effluent and heat pumping in an integrated pulp and paper mill. The new tools give information about the system that traditional pinch tools such as the grand composite curve or the composite curves would not reveal. For example, the highest temperature levels possible where excess heat can be released are identified together with the amount of excess heat at each temperature level. The new curves are also able to provide information about where heaters and coolers are placed in an existing system. The matrix method has been used successfully in order to find an economically feasible heat exchanger network retrofit for the release of the excess heat found with the curves.The results of the case study show that a pre-evaporation plant can be integrated with the overall process with just a few modifications in the existing process. There are also opportunities for heat pumping in the system. Both projects have a pay-back period shorter than required for implementation.