内壁喷丸处理对TP304H耐热钢锅炉管抗水蒸汽氧化性能的影响

将经表面喷丸处理和未处理的TP304H钢管安装于锅炉再热器的高温段运行7474h后,对内壁氧化膜进行形貌观察、能谱分析和X射线衍射分析。结果表明,喷丸处理可大幅度提高TP304H钢的抗水蒸汽氧化性能,氧化膜的生长速率显著降低且氧化膜的粘附性提高。显微分析表明,氧化膜由双层结构转变为单一高Cr氧化膜层,外层Fe的氧化层消失。分析认为喷丸在管子内壁产生的剧烈形变引起晶粒细化和马氏体相变,在高温下促进了Cr向表面扩散及生成富Cr的氧化层。     

喷丸处理提高TP304H耐热钢锅炉管抗水蒸气氧化性能应用效果的观察

对TP30 4H(0Cr19Ni9)耐热不锈钢采用喷丸处理工艺进行表面处理 ,连同未处理管同时安装在 10 0 0t/h电站锅炉的屏式再热器上 ,实际运行 75 5 2h后取样分析管子内壁高温水蒸气氧化情况 .观察结果表明 ,喷丸处理减小了内氧化倾向 ,合金元素Cr在表层区域富集 ,氧化膜层的物相构成由Fe的氧化物转变为以Cr氧化物为主的形态 ,氧化膜更为致密 ,有效提高了耐热钢的抗水蒸汽氧化性能 .文中分析了喷丸对氧化机理的影响 ,并讨论了喷丸处理工艺对氧化过程中扩散机理的影响以及氧化膜物相组成的变化 .     

T91钢和TP304钢对含氯盐水蒸气的抗氧化性能

为比较T91钢与TP304钢在垃圾焚烧环境中的抗氧化性能,用含有微量KCl的水蒸气气氛模拟垃圾焚烧烟气,在530,600,670℃下对材料进行了氧化试验。结果表明:在含有微量KCl的高温水蒸气条件下,经过24h后T91钢的氧化质量增加是TP304钢的5倍,表明TP304钢对于高温含Cl-水蒸气的抗氧化能力优于T91钢的;在三种温度下氧化后,T91钢和TP304钢表面生成的片状氧化物成分与金属基体的Cr含量有关,Cr含量较低的T91钢表面生成了Fe2O3,Cr含量较高的TP304表面则生成了富含Cr的(Fe,Cr)2O3,(Fe,Cr)2O3氧化层的生成是TP304钢具有更高抗氧化性的原因。     

Synergic Effect of Shot Blasting and Deposit RE on Corrosion Behavior of TP304H steel in SO_2-O_2 at 923K

Cr-Ni STAINLESS steel has been widely applied invarious industries for its promising mechanicalproperties and corrosion resistance at elevatedtemperature.But it's vulnerable in highly corrosiveenvironments with both oxygen and sulfur,such asSOa-Oa mixture gaseous.A number of studies claimed that the corrosionaspect of Fe-Cr-Ni alloy in SO2or62atmospherefollows Wagner's rule.The corrosion mechanism isassociated with mutual diffusion of ions of base metaland corrosion media in the scale[…     

玻璃喷丸处理提高304不锈钢焊接接头抗应力腐蚀性能的研究

基于对304不锈钢焊接试板表面喷丸处理前后的表层残余应力X射线衍射测量，研究了在42％沸腾MgCl2溶液中，表面玻璃喷丸和铸钢喷丸对304不锈钢焊接试板应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响，比较了采用不同铸钢喷丸和玻璃喷丸处理工艺的304不锈钢焊接试板抗应力腐蚀开裂的能力．试验结果表明：未喷丸处理的焊接试板6h就发生开裂，50％、100％覆盖率的铸钢喷丸焊接试板分别在试验310h和3500h开裂，而200％覆盖率的铸钢喷丸焊接试板，50％、100％、200％覆盖率的玻璃喷丸焊接试板经历3500h也未见开裂．因此，喷丸处理工艺能够很好地提高焊接构件抗应力腐蚀开裂能力；且在同样喷丸强度下，焊接接头经玻璃喷丸工艺处理后的抗应力腐蚀能力明显优于铸钢喷丸处理工艺．     

Stress corrosion cracking of bainite 0.3C‐1Cr‐1Mn‐1Si‐1Ni type steel in acid rain simulated solution

The effect of carbon content, heat treatment and surface treatment of high strength aircraft 0.3C‐1Cr‐1Mn‐1Si‐1Ni type steel on susceptibility to pitting corrosion, on hydrogen transport and on hydrogen embrittlement has been studied in acid rain simulated solution. Under open circuit conditions, susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking is associated with susceptibility to pitting corrosion and decreases with decreasing carbon content and at application of shot peening. Susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement governed by hydrogen trapping is promoted by carbon segregation at boundaries of bainite laths and parent austenite grains. Decrease in the carbon content caused the decrease in hydrogen trapping resulting in increasing resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. Shot peening increased the trapping efficiency within the deformed layer, but the presence of the shot peened layer decreased the hydrogen flux entering the core and thus decreased the susceptibility of the core to hydrogen embrittlement. The shot peened low carbon steel, exhibiting mechanical properties required by the appropriate Standard and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking may be considered to replace the standard 0.3C‐1Cr‐1Mn‐1Si‐1Ni steel for the aircraft parts.     

复合喷丸强化对EB-PVD制备的CoCrAlY涂层的高温氧化性能的影响

为了研究复合型的高能喷丸工艺对EB-PVD制备的CoCrAlY涂层的高温氧化性能,采用0.3N、0.3N+0.1N和0.3N+0.2N的喷丸强度对CoCrAlY涂层进行了表面强化。观察了喷丸强化前后涂层的表面形貌;测量了喷丸前后涂层的表面粗糙度、表面残余应力、涂层的厚度和截面硬度;对比分析了喷丸前后涂层物相变化以及涂层高温氧化性能。研究结果表明：复合喷丸强化比普通高能喷丸强化对EB-PVD制备的CoCrAlY涂层的抗高温氧化性能提升更加明显,0.3N+0.1N的复合喷丸工艺对提升涂层的高温抗氧化性能最好。相较普通喷丸工艺,复合喷丸工艺更能明显降低EB-PVD制备的CoCrAlY涂层表面粗糙度,提高涂层的致密度,改善物相结构,进而提升涂层的抗高温氧化性能。喷丸强度大于等于0.3N时,CoCrAlY涂层表面出现鳞状突出物,导致氧化物在此处择优生长,生成的氧化膜中的应力在此处集中而发生破裂,降低涂层的使用寿命,但复合喷丸能消除该鳞状突出物。     

锆合金微弧氧化后喷丸致密化研究

目的提高锆合金微弧氧化后表面氧化膜的致密度。方法先对锆合金进行微弧氧化处理,在表面形成氧化锆陶瓷层,再进行不同工艺下的喷丸处理,以提高锆合金表层氧化膜的致密度。通过表面粗糙度测试,表征不同喷丸工艺下试样表面的塑性变形程度,并通过扫描电子显微镜对氧化膜表面形貌和横截面厚度进行分析,最后计算表面膜层中的孔隙率,以表征微弧氧化后喷丸的致密化效果。结果较高的喷丸强度和较长的喷丸时间均会使得膜层表面发生剧烈的塑性变形,导致表面氧化膜脱落,对锆合金的表面完整性具有不利影响。当使用AGB35玻璃丸在0.2 MPa气压下喷丸10 s时,取得了较好的致密化效果。与微弧氧化后的原始试样相比,气压控制在0.2 MPa,时间控制在10 s的喷丸处理,可以减小膜层中孔洞的尺寸和数量,使氧化膜中的孔隙率从原始的16.45%降低至7.27%,有效提高了膜层的致密度。随着喷丸气压增加至0.3 MPa或喷丸时间延长至30 s,氧化膜发生大面积脱落,部分基体与氧化膜之间产生孔隙,氧化膜中的孔隙率反而增加至20.20%,这对锆合金的表面完整性具有不利影响。结论合理控制微弧氧化后的喷丸工艺参数,可以致密化锆合金表面的氧化膜,使其更具有保护性,而过高的喷丸强度和过长的喷丸时间均不能实现较好的致密化效果。     

Influence of surface coating on Ti811 alloy resistance to fretting fatigue at elevated temperature

An extensive study of the composition distribution, bonding strength, hardness, and wear resistance of a 0Cr18Ni9 film deposited on a Ti811 titanium alloy surface by ion beam enhanced deposition (IBED) is presented. Shot peening was introduced to post-treat the modified surface to synergistically improve the fretting fatigue resistance of the Ti811 alloy at 350～C. The results indicate that the 0Cr18Ni9 film with high density, small grain size, low void radio, and high bonding strength can be prepared using IBED. As a result, the hardness, wear resistance, and fretting fatigue resistance of the Ti811 alloy are increased to a remarkable extent. Compared with shot peening treatment or IBED 0Cr18Ni9 film alone, the Ti811 titanium alloy with an IBED 0Cr18Ni9 film combined with shot peening shows a higher fretting fatigue resistance at 350℃. This is due to the synergistic effect of the high wear resistance of the film surface and the residual compressive stress induced by shot peening.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金的陶瓷湿喷丸表面强化工艺

采用新型陶瓷湿喷丸强化工艺对 Ti-6Al-4V 合金进行表面处理,研究不同喷丸强度对 Ti-6Al-4V 合金微观组织、形貌及残余应力的影响,并通过拉-拉疲劳试验验证陶瓷湿喷丸的强化效果,分析喷丸前后的断裂机理。结果表明：湿喷丸后的表面粗糙度较干喷丸的低,表面粗糙度、残余应力和应力场深度均随着喷丸强度的增加而增加,最大残余应力达-895 MPa,压应力层深度约为250μm;拉-拉疲劳极限比初始的提高了12.4%。微观组织分析表明,喷丸处理后合金的表层位错密度显著增大,晶粒细化,表面形成超细晶。     

喷丸对预腐蚀后铝合金疲劳性能的影响

目的分析喷丸对铝合金腐蚀损伤构件疲劳性能的影响,为飞机构件的维修提供有效指导。方法以未喷丸、三面喷丸、三面喷丸腐蚀后再三面喷丸3类不同表面状态的7075铝合金试样为研究对象,改变Na Cl溶液质量分数、时间、温度,获得两种程度不同的腐蚀损伤,通过疲劳寿命、断裂位置、断口形貌,分析表面喷丸状态对铝合金疲劳性能的影响。结果腐蚀损伤较轻时,喷丸试样的疲劳寿命为未喷丸试样的7.84倍,喷丸试样腐蚀后若再喷丸处理,疲劳寿命是不再喷丸试样的1.62倍。未喷丸试样的断裂位置位于截面突变颈部区域,另两类喷丸试样的断裂位置则在夹持段前端。未喷丸试样的裂纹在断口表面的边缘位置形成,喷丸试样的中心区域形成光滑平整的稳态扩展区。腐蚀损伤严重时,喷丸处理仍然会提高铝合金的疲劳寿命,但3类不同表面状态试样的疲劳寿命差距会缩小;从试样断裂位置、断口形貌看,3类试样的差异也会弱化。结论铝合金腐蚀损伤件若腐蚀前进行表面先喷丸处理,疲劳性能会有明显提升;若腐蚀后再喷丸处理,疲劳性能还会进一步提升;喷丸处理还会削弱铝合金外形截面突变处的应力集中,抑制疲劳裂纹在构件表面的萌生及延伸。     

Plasma nitriding of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel with pre-shot peening

AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was plasma nitrided at the temperature ranging from 410 to 520 °C with pre-shot peening. The structural phases, micro-hardness and electrochemical behavior of the nitrided layer were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-hardness testing and anodic polarization testing. The effects of shot peening on the nitride formation, nitride layer growth and corrosion properties were discussed. The results showed that shot peening enhanced the nitrogen diffusion rate and led to a twice thicker nitrided layer than the un-shot peening samples under the same plasma nitriding conditions (410 °C, 4 h). The nitrided layer was composed of single nitrogen expanded austenite (S-phase) when nitriding below 480 °C, which had combined improvement in hardness and corrosion resistance.     

Influence of peening on the corrosion properties of AISI 304 stainless steel

The effects of peening treatment on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of AISI 304SS were investigated. Shot and ultrasonic peening were performed on the austenitic stainless steel, and peened specimens were compared in terms of microstructure, surface roughness and corrosion resistance. Nano-sized grains, multi-directional mechanical twins and strain-induced martensite were formed on the surfaces, and the volume fraction of strain-induced martensite in the ultrasonically peened specimen was higher than that of the shot-peened specimen. The ultrasonically peened specimen which had smoother surface and contained more strain-induced martensite showed superior general and localized corrosion resistance to the as-received and shot-peened specimens.     

300M钢表面喷丸强化工艺应用研究

目的 对比和研究300 M钢的铸钢丸和陶瓷丸喷丸强化后的效果,选择合适的300 M钢喷丸强化工艺.方法 采用铸钢弹丸和陶瓷弹丸以不同喷丸强度对300 M钢表面进行喷丸强化,研究对300M钢表面粗糙度、表面残余压应力及疲劳寿命的影响.结果 随着喷丸强度的增大,300 M钢表面粗糙度增大,但在相同或相当的喷丸强度下,采用陶瓷弹丸喷丸强化可获得更小的表面粗糙度;试样表面残余压应力均为先增大后减小,分别在喷丸强度为0.25A和0.2A时达到最大值.在大应力水平试验条件下,两种弹丸不同喷丸强度下的300M钢中值疲劳寿命增益均不明显;在小应力水平试验条件下,两种弹丸不同喷丸强度下的300 M钢中值疲劳寿命增益差异显著,铸钢弹丸喷丸强化最大值达到22,陶瓷弹丸喷丸强化最大值达到38.结论 铸钢丸和陶瓷丸喷丸均可以提高300 M钢的疲劳寿命.相对于铸钢丸喷丸,300M钢的陶瓷丸喷丸后的粗糙度水平更低,疲劳寿命更长.     

Further improvements in some properties of shot peened components using the burnishing process

Shot peening and burnishing are considered to be cold working processes, where both processes are used to improve some metallic surface properties, due to the plastic deformation induced into these surfaces. The first process causes an increase in the roughness, while the other, in opposition to the first process, improves the smoothness of metallic surfaces. The present work is an attempt to apply the burnishing process onto shot peened components, in order to decrease the roughness of the metallic surface caused by the shot peening process. From the results obtained it was found that the burnishing process not only improves the surface finish, but it also introduces further improvements in surface hardness, fatigue strength and corrosion resistance for the two non-ferrous metals considered in this work, namely aluminium and brass. Accordingly, it can be suggested that burnishing of shot peened components may be used with benefits in industry for further improvements in the properties of metallic surfaces.     

喷丸对23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo超高强度钢 表面性能的影响

针对23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo超高强度钢材料，研究喷丸强化对其表面性能的影响。采用扫描电镜、白光干涉仪等设备，分析喷丸强化对试样表面形貌、粗糙度、硬度、残余应力、元素含量等的影响。结果表明:喷丸强化后，试样表面留有大量弹坑，产生明显塑性变形；表面粗糙度增大，算术平均粗糙度为1.33 μm；硬度显著增大，最表层硬度由喷丸前的HV 476增加至HV 497，硬化层深度约150 μm；试样表层的残余压应力值由375 MPa增加至475 MPa，最大残余压应力值约518 MPa，位于距表面50 μm深度处，喷丸形成的残余压应力层深度约为134 μm；喷丸后试样中C、Si、Cr等各元素的质量分数均略有增加。喷丸在一定程度上改善了23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo钢材料的表面性能，有利于提高其疲劳抗力和耐腐蚀性。     

Effect of grain refinement on corrosion of ferritic–martensitic steels in supercritical water environment

The effects of grain refinement on the corrosion behavior of three ferritic–martensitic (F/M) steels, HT9, T91, and NF616, and two binary model alloys Fe‐15%Cr and Fe‐18%Cr in supercritical water (SCW) have been investigated. Grain refinement down to a size of about one micron in the surface regions, was achieved by introducing severe plastic deformation by shot peening. After exposure to SCW with 25 ppb oxygen at 500 °C for up to 3000 h, an improvement in corrosion resistance was observed in grain‐refined samples because of the enhanced diffusion of chromium on the surface, through a high density of grain boundaries. The chromium content in the steels and the exposure durations in SCW were determined to be important factors influencing the efficacy of the grain refinement effects. These results are supported by both experimental evidence and theoretical predictions. Another approach for grain refinement, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), was also investigated for T91 steel. ECAP resulted in lower weight gain due to corrosion compared to the untreated samples, but exhibited a slightly higher weight gain compared to the shot‐peened samples after long‐term exposures in SCW which is probably caused by different fractions of high‐angle grain boundaries in grain‐refined regions, introduced by different grain refinement techniques.     

喷丸表面覆盖率对Ti60高温钛合金疲劳性能的影响

采用新型的陶瓷弹丸,对Ti60钛合金进行相同喷丸强度和不同表面覆盖率(100%,200%,400%)的喷丸强化,研究了喷丸前后的表面形貌、表面粗糙度、残余应力场、X射线衍射峰半高宽等表面完整性特征参数以及其对高温疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,喷丸覆盖率对表面完整性具有重大影响,因此不同覆盖率喷丸Ti60钛合金试样具有显著差异的疲劳寿命。采用200%覆盖率喷丸,可以使钛合金Ti60保持较小的表面粗糙度(Ra=1.2μm),较大的尖端圆角曲率半径(相对磨削加工),较好的残余应力分布和稳定的强化层微观组织,这些较好的表面完整性状态使Ti60钛合金的高温旋转弯曲疲劳寿命提高了4倍左右;而采用其他表面覆盖率(100%,400%)喷丸时,Ti60钛合金的高温疲劳寿命提高了2倍左右。     

复合材料导电铝涂层的表面喷丸

在火焰喷涂过程中,金属Al的熔滴表面被氧化,在涂层中凝固时形成一层电绝缘的氧化物(Al2O3).同时涂层中的空隙都会影响Al涂层的导电性能.本文通过对涂层表面进行喷丸处理,从而细化熔滴颗粒,降低涂层孔隙率.提高涂层的导电性能.经过喷丸处理后的涂层,电阻可以减小至0.043mΩ,与未经过喷丸处理的涂层比较,电导率提高至1...     

Investigation on the surface layer characteristics of shot peened titanium matrix composite utilizing X-ray diffraction

The surface layer characteristics of shot peened (TiB + TiC)/Ti–6Al–4 V composite are investigated using X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. The structural breadth, domain sizes, microstrain and dislocation densities of the matrices and composite are obtained. The results show that the domain sizes are refined after shot peening, and the dislocation densities are increased sharply in the near surface layer, which result from the high kinetic energy of shot balls in the process of shot peening. Comparing with the calculated results of the matrices and composite, it can be found that the microstructure variations of matrices are more severe than composite's, which is ascribed to the effect of reinforcements' resistance to the surface layers' deformation. Besides, the distributions of residual stresses and microhardness with different shot peening intensities and reinforcement volume fractions have been discussed, and the effects of reinforcements and shot peening intensities have been indicated. According to above detailed discussions, the results reveal that shot peening is an essential process of improving the surface properties of titanium matrix composite.