进口边界条件对边壁进风鼓泡床流动的影响研究

为了探寻速度进口边界条件对边壁进风鼓泡流化床床内气泡行为的影响,根据欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,应用标准kε-方程模型处理气体湍流流动,分别采用均匀进风速度边界条件、脉动项按正态分布和脉动项按正弦分布的脉动进风速度边界条件,对鼓泡床内的气固两相流动过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明：采用脉动进风速度边界条件时,在非射流孔道处气体可形成气泡,气泡的上升速度比匀速进风时小;气体能够充分地与固体颗粒相互作用,床层中的空隙率主频较小;在设置边界条件时考虑脉动能够更合理地预测和分析床内气泡的尺寸、速度等特性.     

颗粒轨道模型中相间耦合关系及曳力计算的研究

在气固两相流多尺度模拟的确定性颗粒轨道模型中，相间耦合关系及颗粒曳力计算对模拟结果具有举足轻重的影响。基于简化的硬球模型，运用不同的相间耦合关系及曳力公式对气固流化床进行了模拟。研究结果表明：在确定性颗粒轨道模型中，应该基于颗粒群的曳力计算进行相间耦合，且基于Wen和Yu以及Di Felice的曳力公式能够较好地模拟鼓泡流化床和循环流化床的基本流动特征；而基于双流体模型建立相间耦合关系及进行颗粒曳力计算的正确性尚需进一步研究。图4表2参12     

基于鼓泡流化床的新型曳力模型的验证分析

根据不同曳力模型的特点,在不同颗粒体积分数区间选择合适的曳力模型,在颗粒体积分数分界点引入光滑函数使其连续,得到新型曳力模型,并耦合欧拉-欧拉双流体模型对鼓泡流化床进行数值模拟。最后,将模拟结果与Gidaspow模型的模拟结果以及实验值进行对比。结果表明：表观气速为0.46 m/s时,修正因子为0.8的新型曳力模型的床层时均压差精度较Gidaspow模型提高了约3.1%;表观气速为0.51 m/s时,修正因子为0.9的新型曳力模型的床层膨胀率精度较Gidaspow模型提高了约7.1%;表观气速为0.46 m/s时,修正因子为0.8的新型曳力模型的时均颗粒体积分数精度比Gidaspow模型提高了约15%。     

稀疏气固两相流动中颗粒分离特性的数值模拟

针对循环流化床铁矿粉烧结技术中的关键问题,用数值模拟方法对不同密度床料颗粒在床内的分布进行了数值模拟。数值模拟将气相场和离散颗粒场分别用欧拉方法和拉格朗日方法进行处理,在每一时间步长内对气相场和离散颗粒场的相互作用进行耦合,得出了不同密度混合床料在循环流化床内的分离规律。数值模拟结果与国外相同研究的实验结果进行了对比,结果表明数值模拟结果具有较高的准确性。     

鼓泡流化床气固两相流动特性的数值模拟

本文基于气固两相欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,对多孔布风鼓泡流化床内气固两相流流动特性进行了数值模拟,研究了床内压力分布,气泡的运动行为,以及气相和颗粒相速度的分布情况,并将模拟结果与相应实验数据进行比较。结果表明所用模型能较好的预测流化床内气固两相流的流动特性,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

流化床密相区流动特性的数值模拟

流化床内气固两相流动一直是实验研究和数值模拟的热点。基于Eulerian双流体模型,本文建立了流化床内的气固两相流动模型,采用FLUENT软件对流化床密相区两相流动特性、床内气泡的产生运动和爆裂等特性进行了数值模拟。模型中,将颗粒相看作是连续介质,建立与气相相同形式的数学模型;采用了离散介质动力理论,引入颗粒温度来描述固相粘性应力,并用气固曳力进行气固两相耦合。模拟得到了气泡产生、运动和爆裂的变化过程,与实验结果相一致。采用不同的曳力模型对流化床稠密两相流动进行了模拟,与Kuipers实验对比,结果表明采用Gidaspow曳力模型描述流化床稠密两相流动特性更准确。     

鼓泡流化床宽筛分颗粒气固两相流动的流体动力学

应用颗粒动理学，考虑气体与颗粒、颗粒组分以及组分内颗粒间的相互作用，建立宽筛分颗粒气固两相流双流体计算模型。研究鼓泡流化床内气固两相流体动力特性和颗粒分层的机理。数值模拟结果表明：鼓泡流化床内的流体动力学受颗粒尺寸分布以及颗粒间能量耗散和传递的影响。为了从基本流体动力模型中获得真实的床内气固两相流体动力行为，正确地考虑颗粒尺寸分布及颗粒能量耗散的作用是十分重要的。     

气固流化床的离散颗粒运动-碰撞解耦模型与模拟

基于分子动力学和气固两相流体动力学，建立流化床稠密气-固两相离散颗粒运动-碰撞解耦模型，采用硬球模拟方法处理颗粒与颗粒之间的碰撞，及大涡模拟方法处理气相湍流流动．单颗粒运动满足牛顿第二定律，颗粒相和气相相间相互作用的双向耦合由牛顿第三定律确定，数值模拟二维鼓泡流化床内稠密气-固两相流动，得到了气泡的形成、发展及颗粒的流化过程，计算结果表明颗粒弹性恢复系数影响气-固两相流动特性。     

流化床内非等密度双组分颗粒流动特性的研究

基于颗粒动力学和气固两相流体动力学,建立流化床稠密气一固两相非等密度双组分颗粒运动碰撞解耦模型,采用硬球模拟方法研究颗粒间碰撞,大涡模拟方法研究气相湍流流动。基于牛顿第二定律建立单颗粒运动方程,应用牛顿第三定律确定颗粒相和气相相间相互作用的双向耦合。数值模拟二维鼓泡流化床内非等密度双组分颗粒气一固两相流动,计算结果表明颗粒弹性恢复系数影响分层流动特性。     

流化床内多组分颗粒传质过程模拟

为了揭示活性颗粒的传质特性,采用Euler-Euler双流体模型,并结合气泡介尺度曳力模型和多组分传质模型,利用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件对存在惰性颗粒情况下多组分颗粒流化床内水蒸气吸附过程进行了数值模拟,得到流化床内固体颗粒体积分数和水蒸气质量分数分布,验证了气泡介尺度曳力模型的合理性,分析了入口表观气体速度、水蒸...     

Large-particle movement and drag coefficient in a fluidized bed

Flow visualization studies of the behavior of a large particle in a fluidized bed were conducted using neutron radiography. The large particle moved according to the bed materials, especially in the wake of a bubble. When the density of the large particle was high, the particle moved with a velocity different from that of a bubble, and in some cases the particle moved downward through a bubble. When the density was low enough, the particle moved on the surface of the bubble wake. The drag force of the large particle immersed in a fluidized bed was measured. The drag force increased with an increase in the volumetric gas flux as well as with an increase in the particle diameter. The drag coefficient was derived and was well correlated on the basis of a two-phase model and experimentally determined effective viscosity of the bed materials. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 26 (1): 54–67, 1997     

循环流化床传热系数的计算模型

本文在循环流化床流动模型的基础上建立了传热模型，流动模型根据实际运行情况考虑了颗粒的宽筛分，并把床层在轴向上分为密相床和稀相床两部分。在密相床内，传热按照鼓泡床传热微型进行计算；在稀相床内，传热模型建立在颗粒团更新的假设基础上，根据假设，床层由颗粒浓度很低的上升稀相和相对颗粒浓度较大的颗粒团两部分组成，两部分交替地与床壁面接触，床层和受热面间局部换热系数和颗粒浓度及两部分接触壁面的份额有关。模化结     

考虑热解热的大颗粒煤热解过程计算模拟

流化床中大颗粒煤的热解与粉煤炉中偻煤的热解有很大差别，其过程由煤粒内部的传热和化学动力学联合控制，除必须考虑热解热效应对热解过程的影响外，还应考虑温度对热解动力学的影响。本文应用双方程化学动力学模型，考虑了热解热效应，对经床大颗粒煤的热解规律进行计算模拟，并与实验结果比较，取得较好结果。     

Eulerian simulations of bubble behaviour in a two‐dimensional gas–solid bubbling fluidized bed

In the present study, the CFD model is based on a two‐fluid model extended with the kinetic theory of granular flow. The simulation results of bubble diameter and bubble rise velocity are compared to the Darton equation and the Davidson model in a free bubbling fluidized bed. The predicted values are in reasonable agreement with the values from the Darton bubble size equation and the Davidson model for isolated bubbles. It is shown that the break‐up and direct wall interaction effects influence the dynamic bubble behavior in the free bubbling fluidized beds. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling of solids segregation in circulating fluidized bed boilers

Segregation always occurs in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) because of the wide distribution of particle size and density of the bed material. Terminal velocity has a significant influence on solids segregation; thus, it is convenient to describe the segregation tendency using single particle terminal velocity u_t. This paper proposes a segregation model in CFB boilers based on the Cell Model. In each cell along the riser, varied-sized particles have different tendencies toward segregation; finer particles are carried out more easily, while coarser ones tend to sink into the cell. It is assumed that the average terminal velocity ut ˉ, corresponding to the mean particle size in the cell, has a segregation index of x = 1.0 as the reference point. The segregation index of particles with higher terminal velocity is lower than 1.0, while that for finer particles is larger than 1.0. The empirical formulae of segregation parameters, namely x₀ and k₁, are derived by optimizing experimental data in published literature. The test result of ash size distribution in a 220 t/h CFB boiler validates the reasonableness of the model.     

Characterizing particle dispersion by image analysis in ICFB

A new particle image technique was developed to analyze the dispersion of tracer particles in an internally circulating fluidized bed (ICFB). The movement course and the concentration distribution of tracer particles in the bed were imaged and the degree of inhomogeneity of tracer particles was analyzed. The lateral and axial dispersion coefficients of particles were calculated for various zones in ICFB. Results indicate that the lateral diffusion coefficient in the fluidized bed with uneven air distribution is significantly higher than that in uniform bubbling beds with even air distribution. The dispersion coefficients are different along bed length and height.     

A cold model experimental study on the flow characteristics of bed material in a fluidized bed bottom ash cooler in a CFB boiler

IntroductionA fluidized bed bottom ash cooler is often used totreat high temperature bottom ash to reclaim heat andfine particles from the ash, and to have the ash easilytransported. Among the large CFB boilers in operation inthe world, there are many ash coolers that often workabnormally['-','].There are six fluidized bed bottom ash coolers in theimported 410im CFB boiler that was built and operatedin Gaoba power plant, Sichuan province, China in 1996N].High temperature slag-bond and jam …