高温稀土永磁Sm2(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)17的烧结工艺

通过改变烧结工艺制度,制备了高温稀土永磁Sm(Cobal Fe0.26Cu0.05Zr0.026)70,其磁性能和温度系数(β)分别为:Br为1.08T,Hci为2 286 kA/m,Hcb为932 kA/m,(BH)max为220.8kJ/m3;β为-0.19%/℃.研究表明:提高烧结温度或真空预烧温度都可使材料的性能明显提高,特别是用后者制得的材料拥有较高的矫顽力和低的温度系数,具有较好的高温性能.然而,烧结温度或真空预烧温度过高时,Sm会从基体相中析出,使材料的磁性能降低,而且烧结温度过高还会使晶粒长大,导致材料矫顽力降低.     

高温稀土永磁Sm(Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.10Zr0.03)7.5的制备和性能

采用粉末冶金法制备稀土永磁Sm(Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.10Zr0.03)7.5.结果表明磁体的密度和各项磁性能都随预烧温度的提高而增加,在1 200℃时获得最大值;提高烧结温度有利于提高磁体的密度,但各项磁性能都在1 215℃获得最大值;提高固溶温度对磁体的密度和Br的影响不大,但Hcb、Hci和(BH)max都在1 185℃时获得最大值.最佳工艺制备的磁体的室温磁性能为Br=0.94T,Hcb=708.4kA·m,Hci=2276.6kA·m-1,(BH)max=171.9kJ·m-3;500℃时的磁性能为Br=0.67T,Hcb=429.8kA·m-1,Hci=509.4kA·m-1,(BH)max=81.2kJ·m-3;磁体的温度稳定性良好,内禀矫顽力温度系数β(25～500 ℃)为-0.16%/℃,工作温度达到533℃.     

粉末特性对烧结Sm2(Co、Fe、Cu、Zr)17合金磁性能的影响

为深入了解烧结Sm2(Co、Fe、Cu、Zr)17合金磁性能与所用粉末特性的关系,通过设计不同球磨工艺,对不同滚动球磨条件下所制粉末进行了粒度和氧含量的测量,观察了滚动球磨与振动球磨两种方式下所制粉末的颗粒形状.研究了粉末粒度与形状对合金磁性能的影响.实验结果表明,粉末粒度在4～6μm时对应的合金磁性能最高;粒度≥6μm时,随粒度增大磁性能下降;粒度≤4μm时,随粒度减小磁性能下降;规则形状粉末所制合金磁性能优于不规则形粉末.     

粉末特性对Sm2(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)17永磁材料及性能的影响

在粉末冶金工艺生产Sm2(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)17的过程中,粉末特性对材料的性能存在较大影响.本研究对气流磨和滚动球磨两种工艺所制备的粉末进行比较,通过粒度分析及显微镜观察,研究了粉末的粒径与形状对材料性能的影响.分析结果表明,气流磨所制备的粉末平均粒径为4.53μm,尺寸分布范围较窄,粉末颗粒成近似球状,所得材料磁性能参数中Br,(BH)max优于滚动球磨.     

Rare earth permanent magnets Sm2（Co,Fe, Cu,Zr）17 for high temperature applications

Sintered Sm（Coba1FexCu0.1Zr0.03）7.5 （x=0.09-0.21） permanent magnets with higher Fe content were found to have higher remanence Br and maximum energy product （BH）max at room temperature. Br and （BH）max reached maximum of 0.96 T and 176.7 kJ/m^3, respectively at room temperature when the Fe content x reached 0.21. However, the intrinsic coercivity Hci at room temperature increased gradually when the Fe content x increased from 0.09 to 0.15, but when x further increased to 0.21, Hcidecreased. Hci attained its peak value of 2276.6 kA/m with Fe content x=0.15 at room temperature. For magnets with x=0.15, Br, （BH）max and Hc1 reached 0.67 T, 81.2 kJ/m^3 and 509.4 kA/m at 500 ℃, respectively, showing good high temperature stability, which could be used in high temperature applications.     

Sm2(Fe,M)17Nx稀土永磁材料的研究进展

综述了Sm2(Fe，M)17Nx永磁材料的最新研究进展，介绍了Sm2(Fe，M)17Nx磁粉及磁体的制备技术，说明用其他元素替换Sm或Fe对材料性能的影响，以及粉末颗粒具有最佳的尺寸和形貌的重要性。并指出放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)有望成为制备Sm2(Fe，M)17Nx致密磁体的一个有效方法。     

烧结温度对高矫顽力Sm2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)17永磁体磁性能的影响

为深入了解高矫顽力Sm2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)17永磁体烧结温度与磁体磁性能的关系，设计了6种不同烧结温度，分别测试了各温度下烧结试样的密度和磁性能。试验结果表明：高矫顽力Sm2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)17磁体的密度随着烧结温度的升高而升高，在1210－1220℃达到最大值；磁体在1205－1210℃烧结时有较高的磁性能，内禀矫顽力超过1910kA/m，最大磁能积达到210kJ/m^3，温度过高或过低都使磁本性能下降；剩磁Br随磁体密度的升高而上升，矫顽力Hci的变化是密度和晶粒大小及胞状尺寸综合作用的结果。     

Sm2Fe17Nx稀土永磁材料的研究现状及进展

简要分析了Sm2Fe17Nx的晶体结构、内禀磁特性和N原子与磁性能的关系。着重介绍了Sm2Fe17Nx永磁材料的制备方法以及目前制备工艺存在的问题,并指出了其研究和发展趋势。     

Rare earth permanent magnets Sm2(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)17 for high temperature applications

Sintered Sm(CobalFexCu0.1Zr0.03)7.5 (x=0.09-0.21) permanent magnets with higher Fe content were found to have higher remanence Br and maximum energy product (BH)max at room temperature. Br and (BH)max reached maximum of 0.96 T and 176.7 kJ/m3, respectively at room temperature when the Fe content x reached 0.21. However, the intrinsic coercivity Hci at room temperature increased gradually when the Fe content x increased from 0.09 to 0.15, but when x further increased to 0.21, Hci decreased. Hci attained its peak value of 2276.6 kA/m with Fe content x=0.15 at room temperature. For magnets with x=0.15, Br, (BH)max and Hci reached 0.67 T, 81.2 kJ/m3 and 509.4 kA/m at 500℃, respectively, showing good high temperature stability, which could be used in high temperature applications.     

烧结工艺对高温Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)z永磁体磁性能与显微组织的影响

用粉末冶金法制备了Sm(Co0.7Fe0.1Cu0.16Zr0.04)6.7烧结磁体,设计了8种不同烧结工艺;并对磁体的磁性能在烧结过程中的变化以及烧结工艺条件与显微组织的关系进行了系统研究.结果表明适当提高预烧结温度与烧结温度有利于磁性能的改善,但预烧结温度与烧结温度过高或过低都会使磁性能大大降低.矫顽力对烧结工艺非常敏感;样品在1 185℃预烧结后再在1 200℃烧结有最好的综合磁性能,其内禀矫顽力高达1 931 kA/m.还用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针光谱仪对显微组织及元素分布进行了分析,结果表明磁性能的改变可以认为是显微组织变化与元素在各相中分布变化的结果.     

高温永磁Sm(CoCuFeZr)z的研究现状

综述了高温永磁体的现状,总结了影响高温磁体使用温度的关键因素,介绍了永磁体Sm(CoCuFeZr)z的发展状况,分析了成分对高温永磁体Sm(CoCuFeZr)z使用温度(内禀矫顽力Hci和温度系数β)的影响,概括了其矫顽力机理,并探讨了其今后的研究方向.     

合金成分对高温Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)z磁性能与显微组织的影响

用粉末冶金法制备了6种Sm(CobalFe0.1CuyZr0.04)z烧结磁体,每种成分磁体都进行了热处理工艺优化实验;并对合金成分对磁体的显微组织及磁性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明:z值较小的磁体有较多的1∶5相,室温的Br、Hci与(BH)max都较低些,但方形度(K)较好,因此适当减小z值有利于提高高温磁性能;Cu含量的增加使1∶5相的畴壁能(1γ∶5)减少,2∶17相与1∶5相的畴壁能差(Δγ)增加,从而使矫顽力增加,但Cu含量太高,如果不同时增加Sm含量,将导致Br与(BH)max急剧下降;z值较低,同时Cu含量又较高的Sm(CobalFe0.1-Cu0.16Zr0.04)6.7磁体具有最佳室温磁性能与方形度。     

Application of high-temperature permanent magnets Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)z in PPM focusing system

Rare earth permanent magnets Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)z with outstanding performance and high-temperture thermal stability were fabricated. Optimized by Fe content and process, Sm(Co0.72Fe0.1Cu0.1Zr0.03.03)7.5 magnet with Br>0.75 T and Hci>1300 kA/m at 300 ℃ can be obtained. According to the performance data of Sm(Co0.72Fe0.15Cu10.1Zr0.03)75, the magnetic field along central axis BZ in periodic permanent magnet (PPM) focusing system was simulated using electromagnetic field analysis software Maxwell 2D/3D. The BZ exhibited typical cosine curve along central axis, and the peak value of BZ was high enough to meet the demand of PPM focusing system at room temperature even at 200±20 ℃. Additionally, a kind of simple cooling structure for PPM focusing system was designed by setting cooling pipe between polepieces.Simulated results showed that smooth cosine curve of BZ was successfully achieved with good control of the thickness of cooling pipe.     

Magnetic Microstructures of 2:17 Type Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)z Magnets Detected by Magnetic Force Microscopy

The magnetic microstructures of 2:17 type Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)z magnets were detected by magnetic force microscopy.Comparing the microstructures of the specimens coated with and without Ta thin film before and after heat-treatment, it is found that: (a) as a protection layer, Ta coating layer about 20 nm thick can effectively restrain Sm volatilization under high temperature;(b) the stress built in the 2:17 type Sm-Co magnets during specimen preparation only affects some local parts of the domain structures;(c) the magnetic microstructures vary largely for specimens heat-treated at high temperature without Ta film coating due to Sm volatilization.In addition, by comparing with high coercivity Fe-Pt point tips, it is found that the Co-Cr thin-film tips are not suitable for detecting the magnetic microstructures of strong permanent magnets.     

Effect of annealing process on magnetic properties of Sm（Co0.6Fe0.27Cu0.1Zr0.03）7.5 ribbons

Sm(Co0.6Fe0.27Cu0.1Zr0.03)7.5 ribbons were prepared by melt-spun method. The results showed that the remnant magnetization Mr and intrinsic coercivity Hci had a rapid increase when the heating rate increased from 5 to 10℃/min. But the increase of Mr and Hci were observed to be very little when the heating rate was further increased to 20℃/min. 10℃/min was the critical heating rate for obtaining high magnetic properties. The maximum values of Mr and Hci reached 0.70 T and 780.1 kA/m when the annealing temperature and annealing time were optimized to be 800℃ and 1 h, respectively. Proper second-step heat treatment could suppress the decrease of Hci when the cooling rate increased from 0.7 to 5 ℃/min, which could reduce the cooling time effectively.