冷弯型钢受弯构件非弹性承载力设计

针对冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面受弯构件非弹性屈曲设计方法进行研究。在名义屈服强度235MPa的30根冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面受弯构件试验的基础上研究,通过承载力计算对比分析,提出了基于有效宽度法的受弯构件非弹性屈曲承载力的计算方法,通过与试验结果以及北美冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范计算结果进行对比,表明建议计算方法能够较好的考虑受弯构件在非弹性阶段承载力的提高作用。     

冷弯型钢受弯构件非弹性屈曲试验

对名义厚度为2mm的30根冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面受弯构件进行非弹性屈曲试验研究,为了保证试件在非弹性阶段屈曲,试件整体弯曲屈曲应力大于三倍的材料屈服强度。试验结果表明冷弯薄壁型钢受弯构件在非弹性阶段会出现板件的局部屈曲以及构件的整体屈曲相关作用,我国现行规范《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》计算受弯构件在非弹性阶段的承载力过于保守,需对冷弯薄壁型钢受弯构件非弹性阶段承载力计算方法进行修正。     

卷边槽形截面受弯构件畸变屈曲计算方法研究

采用能量法分析冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形开口截面受弯构件弹性畸变屈曲应力及其畸变屈曲稳定系数。通过与有限条法分析的畸变屈曲应力进行对比分析,表明建议的畸变屈曲应力计算公式具有较高的精度,通过简化计算得到畸变屈曲稳定系数计算公式及部分加劲板件的局部畸变屈曲统一计算公式;给出了卷边槽形截面受弯构件考虑畸变屈曲的稳定承载力计算方法。最后通过分析计算受弯构件试验的构件承载力并与试验结果进行对比,表明本文提出的计算方法是合理的,相对于现行GB 50018—2002《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》能更准确地计算受弯构件部分加劲板件屈曲稳定系数及卷边槽形截面构件的稳定承载力。     

G550高强冷弯薄壁Z形钢受弯构件承载力试验与直接强度法研究

为了研究高强冷弯薄壁型钢构件的受弯性能和完善直接强度法,对卷边形式为斜卷边、直卷边和复杂卷边的12个G550高强冷弯薄壁Z形钢受弯试件进行了静力试验。试验结果表明,卷边形式对试件屈曲模式和受弯承载力有显著影响,试件发生了局部与畸变相关屈曲或畸变屈曲,直卷边试件的承载力高于斜卷边试件的承载力,复杂Ⅱ型卷边试件的承载力高于复杂Ⅰ型卷边试件的承载力。根据试验结果并结合现有国外直接强度法公式,回归出G550高强冷弯薄壁Z形钢受弯构件发生局部与畸变相关屈曲变形时的承载力直接强度法修正公式,当此类构件发生畸变屈曲时,无需再修正现有直接强度法公式。建立有限元模型对试验进行了分析,分析结果与试验结果吻合良好。在此基础上,利用大量有限元分析结果验证了直接强度法修正公式比现有直接强度法公式对此类构件的承载力的预测更为安全可靠。     

冷弯薄壁型钢C形截面构件受弯承载力试验研究

为了研究冷弯薄壁型钢构件的受弯性能,对卷边形式为直卷边、斜卷边和复杂卷边的冷弯薄壁型钢C形截面受弯构件进行了试验研究。共计24个试件,分为12组试验,其中纯弯试验和非纯弯试验各6组。试验结果表明,卷边形式是影响构件受弯承载力的重要因素。试验中出现了局部屈曲、畸变屈曲以及局部和畸变的相关屈曲。对比两种受弯状态下的承载力发现,非纯弯时试件的承载力比纯弯时均有所提高,但提高的幅度和试件的屈曲模式有关,当发生畸变屈曲时提高得较多,而发生局部屈曲时提高得较少。利用有限元程序ANSYS对试验进行模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件试验研究及承载力分析

对63根屈服强度550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件进行试验研究,分析了构件的屈曲模式和极限承载力,并将参考AISI规范、澳洲规范和北美规范及我国现行行业标准《低层冷弯薄壁型钢房屋建筑技术规程》（报批稿）计算的构件承载力与试验结果进行分析比较。在此基础上,对高强超薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件的承载力合理计算模式进行研究。结果表明：高强超薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件在宽厚比较大时会出现畸变屈曲模式;采用等效板件方法计算加劲板件有效宽度后,我国《低层冷弯薄壁型钢房屋建筑技术规程》（报批稿）适用于屈曲强度550MPa、厚度小于2.00mm的冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面构件承载力计算。     

冷弯薄壁卷边H型钢受弯构件局部屈曲分析

采用有限条软件CUFSM对200种不同截面几何参数的冷弯薄壁卷边H型钢在荷载作用下的局部屈曲应力进行计算,并利用构件的屈曲应力分析了不同的卷边宽厚比、截面宽高比、腹板高厚比、翼缘宽厚比对冷弯薄壁卷边H型钢局部屈曲性能的影响。在此基础上,提出了适用于求解冷弯薄壁卷边H型钢在荷载作用下局部屈曲应力的简化计算式,并将简化公式计算的结果与有限条法计算的结果进行对比,表明所提出的简化计算式具有很好的适用性和精确性。     

冷弯型钢C形截面受弯构件平面内稳定性能研究

为了研究冷弯型钢受弯构件平面内的稳定性能,对直卷边和斜卷边的冷弯型钢C形截面受弯构件分别进行了试验研究和有限元参数分析。试验研究和有限元分析均包含构件纯弯和非纯弯两部分。研究结果表明,多数构件在非纯弯作用下的抗弯承载力高于纯弯作用下的,但也有部分以局部和畸变相关屈曲为主的构件在纯弯作用下的抗弯承载力略高。屈曲模式是影响构件抗弯承载力的重要因素,构件以畸变屈曲为主时,非纯弯作用下的抗弯承载力明显高于纯弯作用下的。     

中美规范关于卷边槽形受弯构件承载力比较分析

新近纳入北美规范NAS 2004的直接强度法对冷弯型钢构件的畸变屈曲要求单独验算,但《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》(GB 50018-2002)对此还无明确规定。在总结冷弯型钢构件畸变屈曲性能的基础上,对其承载力计算方法给予介绍,由简化模型计算得到的受弯构件的畸变屈曲弹性临界应力中,引入直接强度法计算“规范”(GB 50018-2002)附录中卷边槽形受弯构件的承载力。结果表明,附录中部分截面的受弯承载力由畸变屈曲控制。同时,NAS 2004与“规范”(GB 50018-2002)计算结果的比较表明,“规范”(GB 50018-2002)的计算规定虽安全,但太过保守。因此,提出将翼缘屈曲系数调高至3.0的建议。     

考虑畸变屈曲的冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面构件设计可靠度分析

基于已有的冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面构件承载力试验研究结果,对不同牌号冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面构件考虑畸变屈曲的有效宽度法承载力计算模式不定性进行了分析,并统计了冷弯薄壁型钢强度不定性和几何特性不定性。在此基础上,采用改进一次二阶矩方法,按《冷弯型钢结构技术规范》(修订稿)的抗力分项系数要求,计算了不同牌号冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面受压构件在不同可能荷载组合下的可靠指标。结果表明:对于LG550、S350、S280冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面受压构件,按《冷弯型钢结构技术规范》(修订稿)的抗力分项系数计算得到的可靠指标均能满足目标可靠指标的要求,证明了所采用的考虑畸变屈曲的有效宽度法计算构件承载力的适用性。     

铝合金轴压构件屈曲荷载计算方法

铝合金轴压构件在建筑工程中有着广泛应用,但由于其材料弹性模量低,稳定问题比钢结构更加突出。文中对铝合金轴压构件进行屈曲分析,提出屈曲模式。采用解析法分析并结合现有轴压构件的各种屈曲理论,给出适合铝合金轴压构件的屈曲荷载计算公式,介绍有限样条法在构件屈曲分析中的应用,并用其验证所提出的各项屈曲荷载计算公式的正确性。     

初始扭转轴压杆弹性弯曲屈曲性能研究

初始扭转杆在工程设计中有着广泛的应用.通过对初始扭转轴压杆弹性弯曲屈曲性能的研究表明,初始扭转轴压杆弹性弯曲屈曲位移在两截面主轴平面上相互耦合.初始扭转角使得强轴对压杆绕弱轴的屈曲位移产生"抵抗"作用,从而提高了杆的弹性弯曲屈曲临界荷载.同时,提出基于初始扭转轴压杆弹性弯曲屈曲变形后的位移曲线是平面位移曲线的假定,提出需进一步验证分析.     

初始扭转轴压杆弯曲屈曲性能有限元验证分析

通过对初始扭转轴压杆弹性弯曲屈曲性能的研究表明:初始扭转轴压杆弹性弯曲屈曲位移在两截面主轴平面上相互耦合.初始扭转角使得强轴对压杆绕弱轴的屈曲位移产生"抵抗"作用,从而提高了杆的弹性弯曲屈曲临界荷载.以有限元法对初始扭转角不同的轴压杆进行参数分析表明,弹性弯曲屈曲变形后,其位移曲线是一条空间曲线,随着初始扭转角的增加,屈曲后位移曲线偏离同一平面的幅度变大.     

压弯钢构件在循环荷载作用下的非线性弯扭屈曲

本文根据非线性有限元的基本理论,采用基于修正的拉格朗日法描述的八节点超参数壳体单元,考虑几何非线性和材料非线性,结合混合强化本构关系,编制了非线性有限元计算程序。对压弯钢构件在循环荷载作用下的弹塑性弯扭屈曲进行计算机模拟,系统分析了H形截面压弯钢构件的滞回特性,以及翼缘宽厚比、腹板高厚比、构件轴压比和长细比对压弯钢构件弯扭屈曲的影响规律。通过对计算结果的比较,提出了强烈地震条件下,H形截面压弯钢构件在循环荷载作用下保持整体稳定,满足延性要求,具有较高屈曲后强度的长细比和板件宽厚比限值。     

Elastic flexural buckling of non-uniform members: Closed-form expression and equivalent load approach

Experienced structural engineers have an intuitive understanding of the buckling behavior of uniform members subjected to compressive loads. The Euler critical load and the concept of buckling length are extensively used in this context. Unfortunately, the extension of this intuitive approach to cases with non-uniform load or non-uniform members is not straightforward. Based on an extensive numerical parametric study, the paper first presents a closed-form expression for the buckling load of constant cross-section members with non-uniform axial loading. Consequently, an equivalent load approach for non-uniform members subjected to non-uniform axial load distribution is proposed and validated. The combination of both procedures has the power of transforming the general complex case of a non-uniform member under non-uniform load into an equivalent simple case of a uniform member subjected to uniform load. The new methodology is simple and direct, and produces more than acceptable approximate results.     

Performance-based analysis of concrete-filled steel tubular beam-columns, Part I: Theory and algorithms

This paper presents a performance-based analysis (PBA) technique based on fiber element formulations for the nonlinear analysis and performance-based design of thin-walled concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) beam-columns with local buckling effects. Geometric imperfections, residual stresses and strain hardening of steel tubes and confined concrete models are considered in the PBA technique. Initial local buckling and effective strength/width formulas are incorporated in the PBA program to account for local buckling effects. The progressive local buckling of a thin-walled steel tube filled with concrete is simulated by gradually redistributing normal stresses within the steel tube walls. Performance indices are proposed to quantify the section, axial ductility and curvature ductility performance of thin-walled CFST beam-columns under axial load and biaxial bending. Efficient secant algorithms are developed to iterate the depth and orientation of the neutral axis in a thin-walled CFST beam-column section to satisfy equilibrium conditions. The analysis algorithms for thin-walled CFST beam-columns under axial load and uni- and biaxial bending are presented. The PBA program can efficiently generate axial load-strain curves, moment-curvature curves and axial load-moment strength interaction diagrams for thin-walled CFST beam-columns under biaxial loads. The proposed PBA technique allows the designer to analyze and design thin-walled CFST beam-columns made of compact or non-compact steel tubes with any strength grades and normal and high-strength concrete. The verification and applications of the PBA program are given in a companion paper.     

Stability evaluation of steel girder members in long-span cable-stayed bridges by member-based stability concept

The member-based design concept utilizing the buckling length of each structural member has been widely used to assess the buckling instability of steel structures. Since steel girder members in conventional cable-stayed bridges are generally exposed to large axial forces, the buckling instability of these members should be carefully investigated in the design stage. However, analytical approaches for obtaining the buckling lengths of steel members, such as the alignment chart, story-buckling and story-stiffness methods, may not be adopted to cable-stayed bridges because these approaches imply some theoretical assumptions that are adequate only for steel framed-structures. Furthermore, the boundary conditions of steel girder members supporting by cables are obscure to be prescribed in general terms. Numerical eigenvalue analysis may be one of the most excellent candidates for determining the buckling lengths of steel girder members in that this method can handle the interactions among members implicitly without any irrelevant assumptions for cable-stayed bridges. This paper discusses detailed procedures for obtaining buckling lengths of steel girder members in cable-stayed bridges by numerical eigenvalue analysis. In order to avoid the problem of generating excessively large buckling lengths in some girder members having small axial forces, a modified eigenvalue analysis is proposed by introducing the concept of a fictitious axial force. Practical application example for a real cable-stayed bridge is illustrated with some discussions on the effect of the proposed modification and stability evaluation by member-based stability concept.     

超高强度钢材钢结构的工程应用

为了探讨超高强度钢材在我国钢结构工程中应用的可行性,本文详细介绍了超高强度钢材的品种、力学性能和化学成分,分析了超高强度钢材钢结构构件的截面残余应力和几何初始缺陷及其对受压整体稳定特性的影响。结果表明,超高强度钢材轴心受压钢柱可采用比普通钢材钢柱高的整体稳定系数,提高其整体稳定承载力,更加充分地发挥超高强度钢材钢柱的强度优势。本文还介绍了超高强度钢材钢结构的优点及其在国内外多个建筑结构和桥梁工程中的具体应用情况和所取得的良好效果,为超高强度钢材钢结构在我国的工程应用提供了参考。     

Buckling formulation for shear deformable thin-walled members—II. Finite element formulation

The variational principle developed in a companion paper is adopted to formulate a new finite element for the buckling analysis of members of doubly symmetric cross-sections. A series of examples demonstrate the convergence characteristics of the element and its applicability to a wide variety of problems. The examples include column flexural buckling, lateral–torsional buckling of beams subjected to moment gradients, buckling of members under combinations of axial force and bending moment, and eccentrically supported structural members. In all cases, the validity of the solutions is assessed through comparisons to well-established closed-form and/or other established numerical solutions.     

多层夹层玻璃柱轴压设计方法研究

以夹层玻璃作为承重构件的玻璃结构在景观建筑结构中的应用日益广泛。夹层玻璃柱在轴压荷载作用下易发生绕弱轴弯曲屈曲。对于由3片及以上玻璃组成的多层夹层玻璃柱的弯曲屈曲行为,目前尚无成熟的设计方法。基于考虑玻璃板间滑移效应的组合梁模型,推导了多层夹层玻璃柱在轴压荷载作用下的屈曲临界荷载计算方法和强度校核准则,并提出了适用于工程设计的简化计算公式和柱稳定系数-长细比（φ-λ）曲线。通过与已有文献数据比对,对所提出的屈曲临界荷载、极限荷载计算式及φ-λ曲线进行了验证。结果表明,所提出的计算式对于多层夹层玻璃柱的屈曲临界荷载和极限荷载计算精度较高,φ-λ曲线能保证构件的安全性。