Erosion Performance of HVOF-Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr Coatings

Cr₃C₂-NiCr coatings were deposited by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying process under spray conditions of different flows of oxygen and propane gases, and spray distances. The orthogonal regression experimental design method was used for systematic investigation of the influence of spray parameters on the erosion performance of Cr₃C₂-NiCr coatings. Erosion tests were performed at different jet angles of abrasive particles. The erosion mechanism of Cr₃C₂-NiCr coatings was examined through the surface morphology and cross-sectional microstructure of the eroded coatings. The correlations of the carbide particle size and carbide content with the erosion rate were examined. It was found that the erosion occurred dominantly by spalling of splats from the lamellar interfaces. The spalling resulted from the propagation of cracks parallel to the interfaces between the lamellae exposed to the surface and underlying coating. The carbide particle size and content in the coating influenced significantly the erosion performance of Cr₃C₂-NiCr coatings.     

CuCo2Be表面热喷涂制备Cr3C2-NiCr涂层的微观结构及高温摩擦磨损行为

选用等离子喷涂技术在CuCo2Be合金表面制备了Cr3C2-NiCr/NiAl复合涂层。以Al2O3陶瓷球为对偶材料运用UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机对基体和复合涂层进行高温摩擦磨损试验,并选用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、XRD等分析测试手段,详细研究了CuCo2Be合金表面等离子喷涂涂层物相组成、微观形貌及涂层和基体的高温滑动摩擦磨损行为,结果表明:CuCo2Be合金表面等离子喷涂获得的复合涂层致密,涂层为层状结构,物相组成呈现非晶态。通过高温摩擦磨损研究,结果表明:500℃摩擦磨损磨损过程中,涂层及CuCo2Be合金基体的磨损机制为:疲劳磨损和粘着磨损及少量氧化磨损的共同作用,从磨损的体积形貌来看涂层磨损量明显小于未喷涂之前的基体材料,等离子喷涂工艺制备的Cr3C2-NiCr/NiAl涂层质量优异,提高了材料的高温耐磨性。     

高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al/Cr3C2复合涂层的组织与性能

采用Fe-Al/Cr3C2粉芯丝材和高速电弧喷涂技术(HVAS)原位合成了铁铝金属间化合物涂层,并研究了涂层的显微组织与性能.结果表明,高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al/Cr3C2涂层中生成了多种物相,主要是Fe3Al和FeAl相,同时还包括Fe3C硬质点相及FeO*Al2O3和Cr2O3氧化物相等.涂层具有很高的热震结合强度及相对基体较高的显微硬度,密度和孔隙率较低.     

温度对高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al/Cr3C2涂层的影响

采用Fe—Al／Cr3C2粉芯丝材和高速电弧喷涂技术(HVAS)原位合成了复合涂层，对不同温度下涂层的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明，随着温度的升高，涂层的耐冲蚀性能提高，涂层的耐蚀性能变化不大，涂层的结合强度提高，并且涂层表面氧化物膜增多，涂层组织颗粒变小，涂层结合处出现冶金结合。     

感应熔覆Ni基合金／碳化物熔覆层的组织与冲蚀磨损性能

在Ni60A粉末中添加不同含量的Cr3C2-NiCr材料,采用感应熔覆方法在45号钢基体上制备熔覆层,研究Cr3C2-NiCr含量对熔覆层的成型性、显微组织、硬度与冲蚀磨损性能的影响规律.结果表明:当Cr3C2-NiCr含量小于70%时成型性较好;熔覆层与基体可形成良好结合,熔覆层组织呈现树枝晶的形貌特征;当Cr3C2-NiCr含量为40%时,熔覆层的硬度值最大(达580 HV)、冲蚀速率最低(为2.62 mg/mm2.min).     

燃气流量对超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层组织与冲蚀性能的影响

在氧气流量和喷涂距离一定的条件下,揭示了燃气流量对超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层显微结构及冲蚀性能的影响,并探讨了冲蚀角度对Cr3C2-NiCr涂层冲蚀性能的影响.结果表明: 在相同冲蚀角度下,高燃气流量制备的涂层损耗率小;随着冲蚀角度的增加,涂层的损耗率逐渐增加;在90°时,损耗率达到最大.     

燃气工艺参数对超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层性能的影响

研究了燃气工艺参数对超音速火焰喷涂Cr3 C2-NiCr涂层性能的影响规律.在不同的燃气工艺参数下制备了超音速火焰喷涂Cr3 C2-NiCr涂层,观察了涂层的显微组织结构和X射线衍射图谱,并分析了腐蚀试验结果、冲蚀磨损试验结果、结合强度试验结果和孔隙率.根据以上试验结果研究了燃气工艺参数对涂层性能的影响规律.     

The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Oxidation Mechanism of Blended Powder Cr3C2-NiCr Coatings

The advantageous oxidation and wear properties of Cr₃C₂-NiCr thermal spray coatings have resulted in them being extensively applied to combat erosion at high temperatures. Under these conditions, oxide layers take on an ever more significant role in determining the composite response. The response of blended powder-based carbide coatings for erosion applications has formed the basis for application of cermet-based coatings at elevated temperature. In this study, the oxidation mechanisms of as-sprayed and heat-treated Cr₃C₂-NiCr blended powder-based coatings are characterized. Interdiffusion between the coating phases with long-term exposure increased the Cr content of the matrix phase. This had a significant effect on the oxidation mechanism. The implications of the change in oxidation mechanism and oxide morphology on the coating response to high-temperature erosion are discussed.     

退火热处理对Cr3C2-FeCrBSi涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的 针对冷轧辊表面的循环应力、摩擦磨损的特殊服役环境,设计空气燃料超音速火焰喷涂(HVAF)制备Cr3C2-FeCrBSi复合涂层来提高工件表面的硬度和耐磨性。方法 利用HVAF技术在冷轧辊用合金钢板表面制备不同尺寸陶瓷颗粒混合的Cr3C2-FeCrBSi的复合涂层,并在600、700、800 ℃进行退火处理后得到退火态涂层。利用XRD、SEM、显微硬度计、电子拉伸试验机、盘式摩擦磨损试验机和接触疲劳试验机,考察了不同陶瓷含量和不同退火温度下涂层的相组成、组织结构、机械性能、摩擦磨损性能和接触疲劳失效形式。结果 喷涂态涂层的显微硬度、结合强度随着Cr3C2含量的增加先上升后下降。当陶瓷相质量分数为10%时,复合涂层最佳,显微硬度、结合强度分别为459.6HV0.3、42.8 MPa。选取Cr3C2(质量分数10%)-FeCrBSi涂层经过退火处理后,涂层的硬度、断裂韧性、抗磨损性能均有提升,其中摩擦因数由原先的0.89降低至0.80~0.75。此外在700 ℃下退火3 h得到的涂层,显微硬度可达490.3HV0.3,断裂韧性由2.81 MPa∙m^1/2提升至3.15 MPa∙m^1/2,磨损率为6.80×10^‒14 m³/(N.m),与喷涂态涂层相比,磨损率降低了15%。喷涂态、退火态涂层的磨损机制均为磨粒磨损。接触疲劳试验结果表明,退火态复合涂层的接触疲劳失效形式主要有剥落和分层,同时剥落失效情况下涂层的接触疲劳寿命更长,可达2.07×10⁵转。结论 Cr3C2-FeCrBSi复合涂层良好的抗磨损和耐接触疲劳性能主要取决于Cr3C2硬质耐磨颗粒的加入。而退火热处理可以促进涂层向平衡态的转变、同时析出的二次碳化物(Cr, Fe)7C3起到沉淀强化的作用,使得退火态涂层具有更好的抗摩擦磨损性能。     

Cr23C6-NiCr涂层制备及其高温氧化行为

针对传统高温防护涂层在长期服役环境中可靠性不足等问题,设计了新型Cr23 C6- NiCr金属陶瓷体系,并采用超音速火焰喷涂(High Velocity Oxy-fuel Spraying,HVOF)技术制备了相应复合结构涂层.利用XRD、SEM和高温电阻炉等设备,对比研究了其与传统Cr3 C2 - NiCr金属陶瓷涂层的微观组织结构特征及高温氧化行为.结果表明,复合涂层具有HVOF喷涂涂层典型的致密层状结构,喷涂过程中无明显相分解或氧化物生成.两种涂层在经过800℃循环氧化后具有相似的氧化动力学曲线,表面生成均匀致密的Cr2 O3钝化膜阻止了氧原子向涂层内部的扩散,起到了较好的隔离防护作用,呈现出较为优异的抗高温氧化性能.     

High-Temperature Corrosion Studies of HVOF-Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr Coating on SAE-347H Boiler Steel

Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating was deposited on SAE-347H boiler steel by high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) spray process. Subsequently, high-temperature corrosion behavior of the bare and coated boiler steel was investigated at 700 °C for 50 cycles in Na₂SO₄-82Fe₂(SO₄)₃ molten salt, as well as air environments. Weight-change measurements after each cycle were made to establish the kinetics of corrosion. X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray mapping analyses were performed on the exposed samples to analyze the oxidation products. The bare 347H steel suffered accelerated oxidation during exposure at 700 °C in the air as well as the molten salt environment in comparison with its respective coated counterparts. The HVOF-spray Cr₃C₂-NiCr coating was found to be successful in maintaining its adherence in both the environments. The surface oxide scales were also found to be intact. The formation of chromium rich oxide scale might have contributed for the better hot corrosion/oxidation resistance in the coated steel.     

铸铁轧辊表面Cr3C2-NiCr涂层的显微组织

研究分析了铸铁轧辊表面等离子喷涂Cr3C2-25NiCr复合涂层的组织结构。结果表明,Cr3C2-25NiCr涂层具有典型的层状结构;涂层质量较好,组织相对紧密,与基体结合尚可;由EDS和涂层物相分析可知,涂层与基体间没有发生元素扩散现象,涂层与基体呈机械结合。     

Cr<Subscript>3</Subscript>C<Subscript>2</Subscript>-NiCr HVOF-Sprayed Coatings: Microstructure and Properties Versus Powder Characteristics and Process Parameters

Two 75%Cr₃C₂-25%NiCr feedstock powders with the same size distribution but different production process were characterized and found quite different in terms of morphology and phase composition. The powders were sprayed in a HVOF Diamond Jet (Sulzer Metco DJ-2600) torch with five different values of the oxygen-to-hydrogen ratio in order to assess the influence of this parameter on the microstructure and properties of the coatings. The results show that the closed and dense microstructure of one powder (Woka 7302) results in coatings with lower amount of decarburization, less oxide formation and higher toughness compared to coatings from the other powder (Praxair 1375). It was found that the O₂/H₂ ratio impacts mainly on the Young’s modulus, which almost doubled by changing the ratio from 0.40 to 0.50, and on toughness, but does not notably affect the Vickers hardness.     

Cr3C2-NiCr/TiSiN-CrAlN复合涂层制备及高温摩擦学行为研究

目的 基于表面耐高温薄膜和高承载金属陶瓷涂层性能优势协同的设计思想,制备Cr3C2-NiCr/ TiSiN-CrAlN复合涂层,提高硬质薄膜机械性能和不同温度下的摩擦学性能。方法 采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)和电弧离子镀(AIP)技术制备Cr3C2-NiCr/TiSiN-CrAlN复合涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、纳米压入仪、划痕仪和高温摩擦磨损试验机等对复合涂层的微观结构、机械性能和不同温度下的摩擦磨损行为进行系统研究。结果 Cr3C2-NiCr/TiSiN-CrAlN复合涂层微观结构致密,界面结合良好,其顶层耐高温薄膜由CrAlN结合层和TiSiN-CrAlN交替多层构成,总厚度约6.7 μm,低于不锈钢表面直接沉积TiSiN-CrAlN薄膜的厚度(约9.6 μm)。Cr3C2-NiCr支撑层微观结构和形貌影响其表面沉积TiSiN-CrAlN薄膜的结晶性。Cr3C2-NiCr/TiSiN-CrAlN复合涂层具有优异的机械性能,其纳米硬度和弹性模量分别高达(37.3±2.6)GPa和(506.1±10.6)GPa,结合力相比不锈钢表面TiSiN-CrAlN多层膜显著提高。得益于Cr3C2-NiCr支撑层的引入,复合涂层在不同温度下的摩擦因数和磨损率均比单一薄膜的低,其摩擦因数在900 ℃下可稳定保持在0.44左右,磨损率约为3.13×10^?5 mm³/(N.m),表现出良好的高温摩擦学性能。此外,磨损机制分析表明,500 ℃以下主要为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损,摩擦因数较大、不稳定,但磨损率基本不变;700 ℃时由于Cr3C2-NiCr层的支撑作用而无明显的疲劳磨损,氧化磨损发生;900 ℃时氧化磨损主导,摩擦界面生成主要成分为TiO2、Cr2O3的摩擦反应膜。结论 采用HVOF和PVD相结合的方法在不锈钢表面制备的Cr3C2-NiCr/TiSiN-CrAlN复合涂层具有良好的机械性能和优异的高温摩擦学性能,可进一步改善耐高温薄膜的综合性能,具有良好的应用前景。     

超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层在NaOH 溶液中的腐蚀及冲蚀腐蚀磨损性能

目的 分析超音速火焰喷涂制备的Cr3C2-NiCr涂层在碱性环境中的腐蚀及冲蚀腐蚀磨损性能,揭示涂层腐蚀及冲蚀腐蚀磨损失效机制。方法 利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备Cr3C2-NiCr金属陶瓷涂层,采用光学显微镜、显微硬度仪、碱性环境腐蚀性能试验台、电化学分析仪、冲蚀腐蚀磨损试验机、电子天平、扫描电子显微镜,分别对组织结构、显微硬度、碱性环境下耐蚀性能、耐冲蚀腐蚀磨损性能、冲蚀腐蚀磨损损失质量及表面形貌进行测试。结果 Cr3C2-NiCr涂层呈典型层状结构,内部随机分布着孔隙及氧化物,涂层孔隙率及显微硬度平均值分别为1.3%和817HV0.1。在pH=11的NaOH溶液中,涂层的电化学腐蚀电位为-0.38 V,腐蚀反应生成的氧化物可有效阻止腐蚀继续进行,长期浸泡过程中,腐蚀介质通过裂纹或穿透性孔隙渗入涂层内部直至基体表面,并发生腐蚀反应,形成的腐蚀产物逐渐累积并排出至涂层表面,最终形成体积较大且呈团絮状的腐蚀产物。在碱性腐蚀环境下,腐蚀介质加剧冲蚀磨损中的材料消耗。相同条件下,涂层腐蚀冲蚀磨损损失质量明显小于基体材料,涂层的冲蚀腐蚀磨损失效机制主要有腐蚀产物脱落、硬质颗粒剥落、粘结相磨耗、缺陷处因疲劳裂纹整体脱落。结论 在碱性环境中,Cr3C2-NiCr涂层具有较强的耐腐蚀性能,腐蚀介质能加快涂层冲蚀磨损进程,磨损后表面为非光滑表面,使涂层具有较优的抗冲蚀磨损性能,故Cr3C2-NiCr涂层可显著改善基体表面的综合使用性能。     

Microstructure Evolution and Its Effect on the Wear Performance of HVOF-Sprayed Conventional WC-Co Coating

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance - In this work, a conventional tungsten carbide 12% cobalt (WC-12Co) coating was deposited by using a liquid fuel JP-8000 high&nbsp;velocity...     

涂层结构对Cr2O3涂层组织和性能的影响

采用等离子喷涂技术制备了3种结构的Cr2O3陶瓷涂层，即双层涂层，3层涂层和5层梯度涂层。探讨了涂层结构对涂层组织、抗拉结合强度、抗热震性和耐磨损性能的影响。结果表明，在涂层总厚度相同的条件下，采用多层复合涂层可提高Cr2O3涂层的结合强度、耐磨性和抗热冲击性，其中，5层结构涂层的综合性能最佳。涂层微观组织观察和显微硬度测试结果发现，5层结构涂层从基体到陶瓷层，涂层成分逐渐变化，具有梯度材料的特征。试验表明采用等离子喷涂技术可以制备梯度涂层。     

Effect of Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Power on Microstructure and Properties of WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni Coatings

WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with different spraying powers. The effect of spraying power on microstructure, phase composition, hardness, fracture toughness, and oscillating dry friction and wear behaviors of the coatings were studied. Simultaneously, the microstructure and properties of the as-sprayed coatings were compared with those of WC-17Co coating prepared under the optimal spraying power. It was found that spraying power had significant effect on the molten degree of feedstock powder and phase composition as well as microstructure and properties of WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coatings. WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coating deposited at a moderate spraying power of 22.5?kW had the highest fracture toughness and the best wear resistance. WC-17Co coating obtained under the moderate spraying power had poor fracture toughness and wear resistance. Moreover, the four kinds of coatings were all dominated by subsurface cracking and removal of materials when sliding against Si₃N₄ ball under unlubricated conditions.     

等离子喷涂Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷 复合涂层的微观组织及电化学性能

目的 通过等离子喷涂工艺,在油气管道X70管线钢表面制备出Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷复合涂层,研究该涂层的微观组织与电化学性能。方法 采用9MC Plasma Control Unit等离子喷涂系统,基于线切割尺寸为40 mm×24 mm×6 mm的X70管线钢基体表面,沉积Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷复合涂层。利用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察该复合涂层的微观组织与形貌,利用X射线衍射仪分析该复合涂层的物相组成,利用电化学工作站测定该复合涂层的电化学腐蚀性能。结果 Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷复合涂层由完全熔化区和半熔化区双态组成,呈典型的等离子喷涂层状结构,层与层之间结合较紧密,分布着富Cr2O3沉积区与富TiO2沉积区,无相变产生,完全熔融的TiO2液相可嵌入到未完全熔融的Cr2O3结构间隙中形成固溶结构。经电化学腐蚀性能测试,其自腐蚀电位介于-0.4 ~ -0.3 V之间,高于X70管线钢基体的自腐蚀电位-0.6 ~ -0.5 V,腐蚀倾向滞后,表现出好的抗腐蚀性能。结论 研究选取的等离子喷涂参数较合适,并成功制备出了能明显提高油气管道X70管线钢抗电化学腐蚀性且组织分布均匀的Cr2O3/TiO2高温氧化物陶瓷复合涂层。