蒸发式冷凝器管外水膜与空气传热性能及机理的研究

建立了蒸发式冷凝器实验平台,测试了不同喷淋密度及迎面风速对管外水膜与空气传热与阻力性能的影响,结果表明管外水膜与空气传热受迎面风速的影响较大,而受喷淋密度影响较小。得到了管外水膜与空气传热系数计算式,最大相对标准偏差为12.2%,进而分析了蒸发式冷凝器中水膜与空气的传热机理。     

闭式冷却塔空冷传热性能的试验研究及优化运行

搭建了扭曲管闭式冷却塔的换热实验平台,在空冷模式下通过测试在不同风机频率以及风机频率固定时不同的管内流体进口温度、空气干球温度情况下闭塔的传热性能、流动阻力和能耗,得到了风机频率、管程体积流量以及管程进口温度、环境温度对综合传热性能和空冷传热量的影响,进而得出优化闭塔空冷换热的方式,并推导出在不同的季节温度下最合理的运行方式。同时本试验拟合了风机频率和风机功率等与迎面风速的试验关联式以及空冷管外空气的传热系数试验关联式,对扭曲管式闭式冷却塔的优化设计有一定的指导作用。     

典型波纹翅片单元流动与传热特性的数值研究

以两种典型的波纹翅片单元为研究对象,在合理简化条件下给出了物理模型和数学模型,通过流固界面的传热耦合,对不同进口风速下波纹翅片单元的流动及传热和阻力特性进行了数值研究.通过对传热系数,Nu数、压降以及涡量分布的对比分析,结果表明:人字形翅片的传热性能优于波浪形翅片,而流动阻力性能却没有明显的劣势,其主要原因是翅片流场中涡流的产生与耗散存在差异.     

压缩机中冷器椭圆肋管与圆肋管的传热及流动阻力性能比较试验研究

对椭圆肋管和圆肋管的传热及流动阻力性能进行了对比试验，给出了相应的传热系数曲线和流动阻力系数曲线并指出椭圆肋管的传热及流动阻力性能优于圆肋管。     

压缩机中冷器椭圆肋管的传热及流动阻力性能试验研究

对椭圆肋管和圆肋管的传热及流动阻力性能进行了对比试验，给出了相应的传热系数曲线和流动阻力系数曲线，并指出了椭圆肋管的传热及流动阻力性能优于圆肋管。     

扁管空冷器翅片结构优化研究

基于带翅片的扁管空冷器的传热过程,对带翅片的扁管建立模型,并利用该模型在不同的翅片长度及不同风速下进行数值模拟,分析了翅片长度的选择与迎面风速的关系。分析结果表明,当翅片长度增加到一定值后,通过增加翅片长度的手段来强化换热性能收效很小;在低迎面风速下,翅片长度不要过长;在高迎面风速下,仍存在较大的传热温差,空气出口温度的增加只能通过增加翅片长度来完成。     

螺旋扁管冷凝器强化传热评价与应用

提出了螺旋扁管强化传热评价指标.通过实验,得出了螺旋扁管强化传热及阻力性能特性.结果表明,在较低Re下螺旋扁管强化传热效果较好,在传热的同时,使流动阻力系数增大,其增长幅度基本上与传热系数增长幅度相同.     

变片距冷风机与定片距冷风机的性能对比研究

为了探索在结霜条件下处于不同工况时的定片距冷风机和变片距冷风机的性能状况以便合理运行减少结霜,试验采用了同流程同管径的两种冷风机,对传热性能和阻力特性等进行了研究。结果表明,在低温工况下,变片距冷风机的性能整体上要优于定片距冷风机。在低风速工况下,2种冷风机的传热特性差别不大,但变片距冷风机的阻力系数要低于定片距冷风机,在入口温度为-20℃,风速为1 m/s,载冷剂体积流量为6 m3/h时,定片距冷风机压降比变片距冷风机压降高出14.4%。载冷剂流量的增加会令2种冷风机的传热系数随之增长,但影响较小。而风速却对冷风机换热性能及压降起着至关重要的作用,过高的风速不仅不能改善传热系数和阻力特性,相反,将导致性能的恶化。     

管间距对翅片油冷却器传热及阻力性能的影响

为探讨管间距对翅片油冷却器传热及阻力特性的影响,对5种管间距下的翅片油冷却器进行了试验测试研究,拟合得到翅片油冷却器壳侧传热系数及压降的公式。并利用Fluent软件模拟分析了管间距为13.9 mm的翅片油冷却器壳侧流场的分布情况。结果表明,在一定的雷诺数范围内,管间距为21 mm的翅片式油冷却器有较好的传热性能,与其他管间距的传热系数相比,均提高了2%~8%;翅片式油冷却器的阻力性能与管间距大小成正比关系;相同压降约束条件下,管间距为13.9 mm的翅片油冷却器有较好的综合换热性能,在达到相同换热量时所需泵功最少。     

套片式油冷器传热性能的研究

通过数值模拟和试验的方法对套片式油冷器传热和综合性能进行了研究,用 Fluent 软件模拟得到了两套片间单通流道内壳程流体的速度场、温度场和压力场的分布;通过试验研究得到了套片式油冷器传热和阻力性能曲线。拟合出了套片式油冷器管外膜传热系数和压降公式,并且和传统经验公式进行了比较与分析。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.