孔缝双桥结构高性能压阻式加速度传感器

针对装备智能化与监测系统无线化发展对振动传感器的要求,基于微机电系统和应力集中技术,提出并研制一种具有孔缝双桥结构的高灵敏度、高固有频率的压阻式微型加速度传感器。结合理论分析与数值计算方法,分析该结构的特性,通过研究孔缝尺寸对传感器性能的影响确定传感器敏感结构尺寸。传感器芯片采用微细加工工艺制作,并在简单的封装之后进行静态、动态性能测试。试验结果表明,孔缝双桥结构加速度传感器在3 V供电电压下,灵敏度可达到0.424 mV/g,相对传统双桥结构提高了60%以上,而测得的固有频率相对于传统双桥结构仅略有下降,仍在10 kHz以上。孔缝双桥结构加速度计通过引入应力集中孔缝,以较小的固有频率损失,明显提高了传感器的测量灵敏度,具有更为优良的综合性能。     

基于模态灵敏度分析的机载控制台尺寸优化

机载控制台杆件较多,结构复杂,尺寸优化过程中设计变量较多,在尺寸优化前必须对其进行灵敏度分析。以多目标拓扑优化后的某机载控制台下台体为研究对象;以下台体各构件的厚度尺寸作为设计变量;以质量为约束条件;以第一、第二阶固有频率作为优化目标进行灵敏度分析。获得了下台体第一、第二阶模态频率及质量对杆件厚度的灵敏度变化情况及第一、第二阶固有频率相对于质量的灵敏度值。以下台体质量作为优化目标函数;结构第一、第二阶模态频率作为约束条件;选择第一、第二阶模态频率对质量的灵敏度绝对值较大的杆件厚度尺寸作为设计变量进行尺寸优化。分析结果表明,尺寸优化后结构的低阶固有频率明显提高,质量稍有减少,具有较好的动态性能。为下台体结构尺寸的确定提供依据。     

切削测力平台结构递进式拓扑优化设计研究

微切削加工过程中,切削力是影响加工质量的重要参数。测力仪是动态测量切削力的主要装置,其测力平台部分工作稳定性和准确性对测力仪整体性能起到决定性作用。目前使用的大部分测力平台设计均可以满足宏观较大振幅应力测量要求,但较差的灵敏度和严重的信号衰弱无法满足微切削状态下切削力的微小变化测量。因此提出了一种在满足测力平台弹性体结构强度等要求下,首先以固有频率为目标函数进行单目标优化,将优化后的固有平率作为约束条件,再以应力集中为目标函数进行二次优化的递进式拓扑优化方法;并对优化后的结构进行模态试验,从而证明采用递进式拓扑优化的结构设计方法可以极大的提高测力平台工作时的稳定性、灵敏度和测量精度等性能,同时也拓展了测力平台微切削条件下的适用性。     

SOI压阻式压力传感器敏感结构的优化设计

为提高SOI压阻式压力传感器的灵敏度,对传感器敏感结构的弹性膜片和压敏电阻的形状、尺寸等结构参数进行了优化设计。利用COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场耦合分析软件对优化后的敏感结构进行了静力学仿真与分析,完成了敏感芯片的制备和加压测试,测试结果表明:优化后的传感器输出灵敏度为5.98 m V/(V·bar),较原结构输出灵敏度提高了1倍,非线性误差小于0.096%。     

ZnO压电薄膜微悬臂梁的结构设计及研究

当压力作用在ZnO压电薄膜微悬臂梁上时,产生电荷量的大小将直接决定压电传感器灵敏度的高低.根据等效截面法,推导了复合微悬臂梁所受的作用力与其产生电荷量的关系方程,为传感器标定和力的测量提供理论依据,并依据此转换方程,对压电微悬臂梁的结构尺寸进行比较分析,以提高传感器的灵敏度和分辨率.此研究为压电微悬臂梁压力传感器的结构优化设计提供了一定的参考.     

卧式加工中心床身灵敏度分析及优化设计

床身是机床的主要支撑件之一,其动态特性对机床的性能起到关键作用。利用ANSYS Workbench对一种卧式加工中心的床身结构做模态分析,求得床身结构固有频率。计算床身结构各个壁板厚度变化时,质量和固有频率对尺寸的灵敏度,以床身壁板和筋板厚度尺寸作为优化参数,质量为约束条件,前三阶固有频率的加权平均值作为优化目标,建立优化方程。利用MATLAB软件求得优化方程的一组最优值,并通过模态分析对比了优化前后床身的固有频率。结果表明,优化后的床身前三阶固有频率分别提高7.5%、4.2%和5.3%。     

基于灵敏度分析的桁架结构动力学尺寸优化

以桁架结构杆件截面尺寸参数为设计变量,以结构重量为目标函数,以结构的固有频率为约束条件,建立桁架结构的动力学尺寸优化设计数学模型.通过推导固有频率和结构重量对杆件截面尺寸的灵敏度,确定优化杆件及优化步长,建立了结构尺寸优化设计方法并制定了在ANSYS软件中的实现方案.方法能有效地改变结构固有频率,避免处于动载荷作用下的结构因发生共振而破坏.最后,使用数值算例验证了优化方法的有效性.     

用于火炮膛内压力测试的电容式传感器的设计

通过研究目前火炮膛压测试中所存在的问题--传感器安装结构与测压器小体积之间的矛盾,设计了一种新的用于火炮膛压测试的电容式压力传感器,由电路筒作为固定电极,测压器壳体作为可动电极形成极间距离为0.5 mm的同轴圆筒电容变换器,它的固有频率达到52.665 kHz,灵敏度为0.009 9 pF/MPa,压力测量范围是0-600 MPa,论文详细阐述了电容式压力传感器的工作原理,结构设计,利用有限元软件ANASYS对其力学特性及热学特性进行了仿真模拟,并做了性能测试.试验结果表明:电容值和所受压力近似成线性关系,且具有良好的稳定性.     

微型电容式压力传感器的制作与测试

从应用开发MEMS产品的实用角度出发，介绍了利用硅一硅键合技术制作的微型电容式压力传感器，给出了详细的制作工艺及主要工艺步骤图。对微传感器所用的测试装置的组成、测试电路的工作过程进行了详细介绍和深入分析。最后对不同尺寸的微传感器器件进行了测试，并对测试结果进行具体分析。结果表明：该微传感器具有良好的线性工作范围、良好的稳定性和较高的灵敏度。     

纵扭复合超声换能器的频率灵敏度及其结构优化研究

针对现有超声换能器结构设计方法存在效率低、计算繁琐及与实际应用偏差较大等问题,提出了一种基于有限元模态频率灵敏度的结构优化方法.本文以纵扭复合超声换能器为例,从传统解析法与实际应用尺寸边界约束条件相结合角度,初步确定换能器结构参数;在此基础上,采用模态频率灵敏度方法,通过改变对换能器模态频率影响较大的主要结构参数值,优化得到符合实际应用的换能器结构,并通过阻抗分析与振幅测试试验对结构模型进行了验证.试验结果表明,换能器谐振频率为27.6 kHz,纵向振幅为4μm,扭转振幅为1.33μm,纵扭比为33.25％,与仿真值相比误差较小,能够实现纵扭复合振动,且谐振频率、振幅及阻抗均可满足大部分超声加工要求,验证了设计方法的有效性及结构设计的合理性.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.