菲涅耳全息投影中零级光的消除

采用菲涅耳相位全息图进行全息投影显示时,再 现像的视觉效果受到空间光调制器(SLM)像素结构引起 零级光的影响。为消除零级光的影响,本文基于原有的菲涅耳全息投影系统,在SLM后面引 入成像透镜, 并在透镜的后焦面设置高通滤波器以滤除零级光。为抵消成像透镜引起 的相位变化,通过引入发散球面, 实现调节全息再现像成像位置的目的。实验结果表明,在 不改变菲涅耳相位全息图重构距离的情况下,可以有效消除零级光对全息再现像的影响。     

Spectral Approach in the Analysis of Pulsed Terahertz Radiation

We derive the spectral analogues of the Maxwell equations for describing the propagation of electromagnetic waves in linear and weakly nonlinear dielectric media, which can be useful for the THz spectroscopy of short pulses. We discuss the solutions of those equations for TM and TE polarized nonlinear waves. We obtain analytical solutions of these equations for the case of linear homogeneous isotropic and weakly nonlinear media, and also analyze the patterns of the Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction of single-cycle Gaussian THz pulses.     

Wavelet Based Identification of Substances in Terahertz Tomography Measurements

In comparison to the X-ray computed tomography Terahertz technique significantly enhances the amount of the information acquired during the sample measurement. Not only amplitude, but also phase, time and spectral characteristics can be determined in THz time-domain spectroscopy. Thus, Terahertz tomography allows localization and identification of substances within the objects due to the characteristic fingerprints in this frequency range. Certainly, an appropriate data processing and comparison algorithms are crucial for the accurate identification of the substances in the measured sample. Therefore, we present a new wavelet-based identification method which is suitable even for the substances with broad absorption curves and small or no absorption peaks. The performance of this algorithm was evaluated with the help of a tomographic sample filled with four substances, which were previously characterized for the external database. The continuous wavelet transform was applied to every data cell of the tomographic measurement and compared to the database. Received sinograms were reconstructed into images which depict estimated similarity between the measured and database substances. Furthermore, we suggest a method for the reduction of spectral data after the continuous wavelet transform. This method is based on the extraction of the distinctive features in the form of ridge lines.     

单透镜菲涅尔计算全息显示系统中多级像和零级光的去除

为了消除多级像和零级光的干扰,提出了一种单透镜结构的系统,获得了单一无扰的再现像.使用Gerchberg-Saxton(GS)算法获得菲涅尔全息图,预先叠加倾斜平面波相位至菲涅尔全息图上,使再现像移至中央位置.用成像透镜将空间光调制器(SLM)后方的虚像成像至前方,同时在成像透镜后方放置空间滤波器,滤去多级像和零级光.调整透镜与SLM的位置可方便调整再现像的大小和位置,缩短了光学系统的长度.利用虚像的方法为基于液晶SLM的计算全息显示提供了新的思路.     

太赫兹超材料分束器设计及其特性分析

提出一种超材料太赫兹分束器,其单元结构由顶层金属条带、中间介质层和底层金属板组成。利用4个旋转步进为45°的单元周期排列构成了4×4的相位梯度超表面。当太赫兹波垂直入射到阵列表面时,电磁波被反射成四束能量相等但传播方向不同的波,且不同频点的反射角不同。该分束器具有体积小、成本低的优点,可应用于太赫兹隐身和太赫兹成像等方面。     

Hybrid Computational Simulation and Study of Terahertz Pulsed Photoconductive Antennas

A photoconductive antenna (PCA) has been numerically investigated in the terahertz (THz) frequency band based on a hybrid simulation method. This hybrid method utilizes an optoelectronic solver, Silvaco TCAD, and a full-wave electromagnetic solver, CST. The optoelectronic solver is used to find the accurate THz photocurrent by considering realistic material parameters. Performance of photoconductive antennas and temporal behavior of the excited photocurrent for various active region geometries such as bare-gap electrode, interdigitated electrodes, and tip-to-tip rectangular electrodes are investigated. Moreover, investigations have been done on the center of the laser illumination on the substrate, substrate carrier lifetime, and diffusion photocurrent associated with the carriers temperature, to achieve efficient and accurate photocurrent. Finally, using the full-wave electromagnetic solver and the calculated photocurrent obtained from the optoelectronic solver, electromagnetic radiation of the antenna and its associated detected THz signal are calculated and compared with a measurement reference for verification.     

OCT图像散斑的形成机理和清除方法

根据光相干层析成像（OCT）的光学和光电检测系统特点，结合现有的理论模型，分析了OCT成像和散斑形成机理。指出失去相干性的多次散射光部分会被滤波电路排除，散斑是由高散射组织相干长度之内的不同散射截面上的若干具有nπ光程差的相干散射光彼此叠加形成的。最后讨论了消除散斑的方法。     

Terahertz Reflection Spectroscopy of Aqueous NaCl and LiCl Solutions

We present spectroscopic measurements of the full dielectric function of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and lithium chloride at concentrations approaching their solubility limits at room temperature. We find that the dielectric properties of the two salts are rather different at THz frequencies. Whereas both the real and imaginary part of the permittivity of NaCl increases with concentration, we see that the imaginary part of the permittivity of LiCl (related to the absorption) decreases with increasing salt concentration. We relate these changes to the behavior of slow and fast Debye relaxation processes in the solutions.     

太赫兹波段反谐振光纤偏振分束器设计

偏振分束器是在光传感和集成光学等领域中非常重要的光学元器件,太赫兹波段被认为是未来大容量无线通信的载体.而双芯空芯反谐振光纤结构设计更加多变,对包层结构没有严格要求,能实现较高的性能以满足人们更多样化的需求,以双芯空芯反谐振光纤为基础设计适用于太赫兹波段的偏振分束器越来越值得深入研究.提出一种以环烯烃聚合物为基底材料的...     

机载聚束SAR模式波束控制设计与验证

介绍了定点、滑动两种聚束SAR方式的工作原理,在此基础上给出了两种聚束SAR方式下的分辨率、测绘带宽、作用距离等指标分析,针对机载合成孔径雷达常规聚束工作模式战技指标,指出目前机载合成孔径雷达聚束SAR模式设计的关键问题,提出了基于定点、滑动聚束两种方式的机载合成孔径雷达聚束SAR模式波束控制设计方法,最后给出了试验验证情况及典型试验结果,研究结果对于机载合成孔径雷达聚束SAR模式设计具有一定指导意义。     

Detection Sensitivity of Brillouin Scattering Near Fresnel Reflection in BOTDR Measurement

We discuss the effect of Fresnel reflection on BOTDR measurement. We show that the theoretical detection sensitivity with respect to Brillouin scattering is limited by the pulse modulation effect and phase noise of the light source that is incorporated into the Brillouin spectrum by way of the Fresnel reflection, when the Brillouin sensor is located near the Fresnel reflection point. We describe the detection sensitivity in the presence of Fresnel reflection in terms of the minimum detectable sensor length. In regard to the pulse modulation effect, we find that when the pulsewidth is short, the noise in the Brillouin spectrum is large and the detection sensitivity deteriorates. We derive quantitative equations and confirm the equations experimentally. When the pulsewidth is 10 ns with a 1-MHz linewidth laser, the boundary Fresnel reflection determining whether or not we can measure a 1-m sensor fiber near the Fresnel reflection is about 30 dB lower than that for a 100 ns pulsewidth. A 1-m sensor fiber near the Fresnel reflection could be measured with a 10-ns pulse only when the Fresnel reflection was very low at about . Moreover, the effect of the laser linewidth is also discussed analytically. The analysis suggests that a laser with a narrower linewidth will provide better sensitivity.     

Absorption of Pulsed Terahertz and Optical Radiation in Earthworm Tissue and Its Heating Effect

Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves - The transmission of THz, near-infrared (1030 nm), and green (515 nm) pulses through Eisenia andrei body wall is studied,...     

Transmission and Reflection Terahertz Spectroscopy of Insensitive Melt-Cast High-Explosive Materials

Currently, artillery shells and grenades that are introduced into the market are based on melt-castable insensitive high explosives (IHEs), which do not explode while they run a risk of impact, heat or shrapnel. Particles of explosives (such as hexogen, nitroguanidine and nitrotriazolone) are suspended in different proportions in a matrix of 2.4-dinitroanisole. In this paper, we investigated samples of commonly used IHEs: PAX-41, IMX-104 and IMX-101, whose internal structures were determined by a scanning electron microscope. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy was applied in both transmission and reflection configurations. At first, the complex refraction indices of four pure constituents creating IHEs were determined and became the basis of further calculations. Next, the experimentally determined transmission and reflection spectra of IHEs and pure constituents were compared with theoretical considerations. The influence of the grain size of constituent material and scattering on the reflection spectra was analysed, and good agreement between the experimental and theoretical data was achieved.     

滑动聚束SAR波束控制研究与设计

本文在分析聚柬SAR模式波束控制方式的基础上,指出滑动聚柬SAR控制波束始终指向远离成像区域的某个虚拟的焦点,其波束控常l方式实际上等同于聚束SAR模式的波束控制。在详细分析虚拟焦点固定的情况下,成像区域中各散射点分辨率的变化以及虚拟焦点到场景中心线的远近对分辨率的影响基础上,给出了一定分辨率下虚拟焦点到场景中心垂直距离的计算公式;然后以0．3m分辨率滑动聚柬SAR模式为例,进行了仿真计算,最后给出了0．3m滑动聚束SAR模式在运七飞机上的试验图像。     

Photoconductive Emission and Detection of Terahertz Pulsed Radiation Using Semiconductors and Semiconductor Devices

Recent studies on the techniques and development of photoconductive (PC) semiconductor devices for efficient generation and detection of terahertz (THz) pulsed radiation are reported. Firstly, the optimization of PC antenna design is discussed. The PC detection of THz pulsed radiation using low-temperature grown GaAs with 1.55-μm wavelength probe is then described. Finally, the enhancement of THz radiation from InSb by using a coupling lens and magnetic field is investigated. These results reveal valuable insights on the design of an efficient, compact, and cost-effective THz time-domain spectroscopy system based on 1.55-μm fs laser sources.     

Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Geometric Deconvolution of Distortion in Limited-View Computed Tomography

Images reconstructed using a set of a few projections spanning a narrow angular range suffer from a systematic geometric distortion due to the point spread function of the reconstruction process. This distortion can be removed by deconvolving a complementary set of projections calculated from the initial reconstruction. Homomorphic deconvolution and inverse filtering techniques were used for this purpose. A second reconstruction is computed from the union of both sets of projections. Although the distortion is removed, the results are noisy due to problems associated with inverse filtering. Two-dimensional (2-D) filtering of the second reconstruction is performed to reduce the noise, while preserving the reduction in geometric distortion. Results obtained using several 2-D filters were compared visually and by point noise content, distortion, and projection error measures. Quantitative measures of geometric distortion removal for test images are also described.     

Design of Diffractive Optical Elements Used for Beam Shaping in the Fresnel Domain

In the Fresnel transform domain,an effective improvement to the conventional interative algorthm for designing the diffractive optical elements (DOEs)used for spatial beam shaping has been proposed.The algorithm can successfully achieve to design DOEs for beam shaping.Compared with conventinal algorithm,this algorithm can provide faster convergence,more powerful ability to overcome local minimum problem and better shaping quality.By computer simulation,the result has shown that the DOEs designed by this algorithm has snch advantages as high uniformity at the main lobe,low profile error and steep edge.     

脉冲相位法用于复合材料层析检测的研究

为了提高脉冲热像无损检测技术对复合材料缺陷的检测能力,研究了脉冲相位法用于复合材料层析检测的可能性。介绍了利用脉冲相位法对脉冲热像图进行数据处理的原理,进行了CFRP层板的脉冲相位法检测实验,并从传热学角度对实验结果进行了分析。实验证明脉冲相位法用于复合材料的层析检测是可行的。     

超宽带太赫兹通信中天线结构设计及其波束色散影响分析

为克服超宽带太赫兹通信中的波束色散,当前已设计了多种基于实时延(TTD)的天线结构,但其功耗大、复杂度高。为解决这一问题,该文提出一种低功耗、低复杂度的基于串行等间距延时器的稀疏射频链天线结构。通过联合优化延时器时延和移相器相位,可以改变子载波波束方向,实现多载波波束扩展与波束聚拢,从而为不同分布场景的用户服务。具体而言,在所提天线结构下,提出一种优化延时器时延和移相器相位的方案将多载波波束扩散到不同方向,实现波束扩展,以服务分布在不同方向上的用户。然后,通过调节时延和相位使所有载波波束对准同一方向,实现波束聚拢,以服务分布在同一方向上的用户。仿真结果表明了所设计天线结构和所提优化方案的有效性。     

Effect of Oblique X-ray Incidence in Flat-Panel Computed Tomography of the Breast

We quantify the variation in resolution due to anisotropy caused by oblique X-ray incidence in indirect flat-panel detectors for computed tomography breast imaging systems. We consider a geometry and detector type utilized in breast computed tomography (CT) systems currently being developed. Our methods rely on MANTIS, a combined X-ray, electron, and optical Monte Carlo transport open source code. The physics models are the most accurate available in general-purpose Monte Carlo packages in the diagnostic energy range. We consider maximum-obliquity angles of 10deg and 13deg at the centers of the 30 and 40 cm detector edges, respectively, and 16deg at the corner of the detector. Our results indicate that blur is asymmetric and that the resolution properties vary significantly with the angle (or location) of incidence. Our results suggest that the asymmetry can be as high as a factor of 2.6 between orthogonal directions. Anisotropy maps predicted by MANTIS provide an understanding of the effect that such variations have on the imaging system and allow more accurate modeling and optimization of breast CT systems. These maps of anisotropy across the detector could lead to improved reconstruction and help motivate physics-based strategies for computer detection of breast lesions.