高性能SubC型镍氢电池的研制

对高性能SubC型镍氢电池进行了研制,制备工艺中成功应用了端面焊技术.考查了电池正极板厚度及加液量对电池性能的影响,确定了电池的正极板厚度和最佳加液量,探讨了加液量与气胀和漏液的相互关系.制备出的SubC型镍氢电池容量高、内阻较小、可高倍率充放电和循环性能稳定.     

Improved Electrochemical Performance of Surface-Modified Metal Hydride Electrodes

A novel plating process was applied to the surface modification of the metal hydride (MH) electrode of the MH/Ni batteries. The electrode was plated with a thin nickel film about 0.1 μm thick by using multi-arc ion plating technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the electrodes. Influence of the surface modification on the performance of the MH/Ni batteries was studied. It is shown that the surface modification could enhance the electrode conductivity and decrease the batteries ohimic resistance by 28.2%. After surface modification, the discharge capacity of the batteries at 5C (8.5 A) is increased by 212 mA·h and discharge voltage is increased by 0.09 V. The surface modification also improves the cyclic durability of the batteries. The inner pressure of the batteries with modified electrode during overcharging is much lower than that with unmodified electrode. The experimental results demonstrate that this process is an effective way for the surface modification of the electrode of MH/Ni batteries.     

过硫酸铵表面处理对富锂锰基正极材料电化学性能的影响

为了提高锂离子电池富锂锰基正极材料的电化学性能,尤其是倍率性能,采用过硫酸铵作为处理剂对富锂锰基正极材料Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_2进行表面处理,诱发化学预活化,形成有利于锂离子迁移的表面尖晶石结构。电化学测试结果显示,当过硫酸铵与Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_2质量比为1:5时,经过硫酸铵表面处理后的正极表现出优异的电化学性能:0.2 C下放电容量为257.1 mAh/g,首圈库伦效率高达96.8%, 3 C大倍率下放电容量仍达到157.2 mAh/g。交流阻抗测试结果表明,适量过硫酸铵处理之后材料的界面电荷转移阻抗显著降低,导致锂离子界面迁移速率加快,表现出良好的倍率性能。这种简单易行的改性方法为实现富锂锰基正极在动力锂离子电池领域的应用提供了新思路。     

新型锂储藏合金负极材料研究进展

合金型锂离子电池负极材料由于容量高、安全性好而受到了极大的关注，最有希望取代碳材料在下一代高性能锂离子电池中得到应用．笔者着重介绍了以锡合金为代表的锂储藏合金的研究进展，以及最新的纳米技术和薄膜技术在研究过程中的应用．由于新技术的应用，解决了合金材料在充放电过程中由于体积膨胀而粉化的缺点，锂储藏合金材料的研究取得了突破性的进展，循环寿命已经达到了300周以上，离实际应用仅一步之遥．锡基合金负极材料是最有竞争力的下一代锂离子电池负极材料之一。     

Synthesis of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 in Air Atmosphere and its Characterization

The commercialized lithium secondary cells need the electrode materials with high speeific capacity, lower pollution and lower price. Certain industrial materials ( NiSO_4, CoSO_4 , LiOH·H_2O)were used to synthesize Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.2)(OH)_2 of a stratified structure, when various synthesis conditions such as pH, reaction temperature et al. were controlled strictly. After LiOH·H_2O and Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.2) (OH)_2were calcinated in air atmosphere, LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2 positive electrode materials with good layered crystal structure was obtained. Tests showed that the optimal calcination temperature in air atmosphere was about at 720℃ and LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_2 synthesized in the above conditions had good electrochemical properties and a low cost. The first specific: discharge capacity of the material was 186 mAh/g, and the specific discharge capacity was 175 mAh/g after 50 cycles at a 0.2C rate, between 3.0～4.2 V with a discharge deterioration ratio of 0.22% each cycle. Tests showed that LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O     

3D Interconnected MoO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Nanocrystals on Nickel Foam as Binder-free Anode for Li-ion Batteries

MoO₂ nanocrystals (NCs) on Ni foam were simply synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and a dip-coating method. It was worth noting that ultrafine interconnected MoO₂ nanocrystals (about 10 nm) were uniformly anchored on Ni foam to fabricate a particular three-dimensional architecture, which may provide more active sites and shorter transmission pathways for lithium ions. As binder-free anode, MoO₂ NCs on Ni foam deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 990 mAh·g^-1 and retain a reversible capacity of 924 mAh· g^-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 C. More importantly, when the current density returns from 2 C to 0.1 C, the capacity recovers to 910 mAh·g^-1 (about 92% of the original high capacity), suggesting excellent cycling stability and rate capability. The particular 3D electrode as binder-free anode makes it a promising anode candidate for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.     

Ribbon-like Cu doped V_6O_(13) as Cathode Material for High-performance Lithium Ion Batteries

Ribbon-like Cu doped V_6O_(13) was synthesized via a simple solvothermal approach followed by heat treatment in air.As an cathode material for lithium ion battery,the ribbon-like Cu doped V_6O_(13 )electrode exhibited good capacity retention with a reversible capacity of over 313 m Ah?g~(-1) for up to 50 cycles at 0.1C,as well as a high charge capacity of 306 m Ah?g~(-1) at a high current rate of 1 C,in comparison to undoped V_6O_(13 )electrode(267 m Ah?g~(-1) at 0.1C and 273 m Ah?g~(-1) at 1 C).The high rate capability and better cycleability of the doped electrode can be attributed to the influence of the Cu ions on the mophology and the electronic conductivity of V_6O_(13) during the lithiation and delithiation process.     

基于电动汽车行驶数据的动力电池放电性能评估

随着动力电池在新能源汽车中的广泛应用,电池故障诊断、退役电池评价等问题亟需解决,评估电池健康状态成为动力电池领域的重要课题。 在分析电动汽车行驶数据的基础上,提出了一种评估锂离子动力电池放电性能的模型。 该模型针对电池实际工作数据充放电较为随机的特点进行了调整和适配,解决了传统评估模型难以适用于实际使用场景的问题。 该模型具有低复杂度,能够快速给出评估结果,适用于大批量的电池评估。 实验表明,该模型提取的放电性能指标具有随累积行驶里程的增加而下降的趋势。 根据灰色关联分析,放电性能指标和电池容量随里程的变化具有相似趋势,能够从电池实际工作情况中评估出电池当前的放电能力,为更全面地评估电池健康状态提供参考。     

Mechanism of Capacity Fading Caused by Mn(Ⅱ) Deposition on Anodes for Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxide Cell

The capacity fade of spinel lithium manganese oxide in lithium-ion batteries is a bottleneck challenge for the large-scale application.The traditional opinion is that Mn(Ⅱ) ions in the anode are reduced to the metallic manganese that helps for catalyzing electrolyte decomposition.This could poison and damage the solid electrolyte interface(SEI) film,leading to the the capacity fade in Li-ion batteries.We propose a new mechanism that Mn(Ⅱ) deposites at the anode hinders and/or blocks the intercalation/de-intercalation of lithium ions,which leads to the capacity fade in Li-ion batteries.Based on the new mechanism assumption,a kind of new structure with core-shell characteristic is designed to inhabit manganese ion dissolution,thus improving electrochemical cycle performance of the cell.By the way,this mechanism hypothesis is also supported by the results of these experiments.The LiMn_(2-x)Ti_xO_4 shell layer enhances cathode resistance to corrosion attack and effectively suppresses dissolution of Mn,then improves battery cycle performance with LiMn_2O_4 cathode,even at high rate and elevated temperature.     

高能球磨在锂离子电池负极储锂材料改性中的应用进展

近年来, 随着便携式电子电气设备的发展, 人们对锂离子电池负极的储锂性能和循环稳定性等有了更高的 要求。石墨作为目前商业化程度最高的锂离子电池负极材料, 有着成本低、性能稳定、环境友好等优点, 但同时也存 在比容量低、石墨片层剥落削减使用寿命等缺点, 不足以满足新一代高能量新能源设备的要求。为解决这一问题, 研究学者们在对以石墨为主导的负极进行改性的同时, 也探索着硅基、锡基、过渡态金属化合物等大容量、高性能 材料在锂离子电池负极的应用。在高能球磨法的基础上, 综述其在锂离子电池负极储锂材料改性中的应用研究进 展, 提出高能球磨法在改性锂离子电池负极储锂材料领域的应用建议, 并对锂离子电池负极改性技术的发展趋势进 行展望。     

Bioleaching of Nickel and Cobalt from Spent Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries by Acidithiobacilli spp

The Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(At.f) and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (At.t) were used in bio-dissolution experiments of heavy metals in spent MH/Ni batteries. The influences of the initial pH value,the concentration of electrode materials,the temperature and substrate concentration on the leaching rate of heavy metal Ni,Co have been investigated. The obtained results indicate that the efficiency of nickel extraction and cobalt extraction is dependent on all of the mentioned factors. Especially,the initial pH value and the temperature have more effect than other factors for these microorganisms. In addition,the results show that the optimal leaching rate of Ni and Co in the spent MH/Ni batteries reaches to 95.7% and 72.4% respectively after 20 days under the conditions of the initial pH value 1.0,concentration of electrode materials 1.0%,temperature 30 ℃ and substrate(sulfur) concentration 4.0 g·L-1.     

锂离子电池负极材料的研究现状及研究方向

在简要介绍锂离子电池的工作原理的基础上,对锂离子电池负极材料的研究现状进行分析,比较各种负极材料的优缺点,并对未来的研究方向进行展望,指出对各类锂离子电池负极材料,应该结合其优缺点,有针对性和侧重点地单独研发,如开发高容量型合金负极、高功率/高安全型钛酸锂负极以及低成本型金属氧化物负极材料。     

多孔多并苯模压复合电极及其电化学性能研究

研究确定了模压复合多孔多并苯电极(MCPPA)制备的工艺参数,并对以在最佳工艺条件下制备的 MCPPA及Li为对电极、1 mol/L LiClO4的四氢呋喃(THE)溶液或碳酸丙烯酯(PC)溶液为电解液组成的n—或p —型电池的电化学性能进行了研究．结果表明MCPPA电极强度高、导电性好、比表面积大;装配的电池具有 很高的比容量、比能量,n—型电池的比容量、比能量可分别达到570Ah/kg、612 Wh/kg;p-型电池的比容量、 比能量可分别达到1100Ah/kg、1260 Wh/kg;温度特性研究证明温度对电池放电性能有较大影响．     

锂电池混合盐体系的界面作用及研究进展

为进一步提升锂电池的能量密度,解决常规单盐电解质存在的热稳定性差、电导率低、锂枝晶等问题,发展新型混合盐电解质成为锂电池电解质重要的研究方向之一,锂盐的混合可以改变溶液离子电导率、锂离子溶解度、黏度等性质,通过对电极/电解质界面以及电极材料表界面的影响来改善电池电化学性能.本文收集整理国内外最新研究文献,综述了锂电池混...     

SnO2-MoO3-x/CNTs纳米复合材料在锂离子电池负极中的性能

为了改善SnO2-MoO3-x纳米复合材料在锂离子电池负极中的性能,通过水热法制得SnO2-MoO3-x/CNTs纳米复合材料,并研究CNTs的含量对纳米复合材料性能的影响;通过XRD与SEM对所得纳米复合材料进行表征,将材料组装为扣式电池,利用电化学工作站、蓝电电池测试系统等进行电化学性能测试.结果表明:CNTs的加...     

电絮凝法处理含聚采油污水的研究

研究采用电絮凝法处理舍聚采油污水,优化了电极材料、极板间距、电流密度、pH和电解时间等对污水COD和聚合物去除率有影响的因素．研究确定的电絮凝法处理含聚采油污水的最优工艺条件为：电流密度为7mA／cm^2,电解时间40min,极板间距2cm,pH9．1．于最优条件下处理后COD和聚舍物的去除率分别为68．5％和49．7％     

Biosorption of methylene blue by chemically modified cellulose waste

Citric acid modifi ed cellulose waste（CMCW） was prepared via esterifi cation and used as a low-cost biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue（MB） from aqueous solutions. The effects of biosorbent concentration, initial pH of MB solution, biosorption temperature, contact time, and initial MB concentration on the biosorption of MB were investigated using batch biosorption technique under static conditions. The experimental results showed that CMCW exhibited excellent biosorption characteristics for MB. The maximum biosorption capacity of MB was up to 214.5 mg/g at an adsorption temperature of 293 K. The removal rate of MB onto CMCW reached the maximum at pH〉4 and the biosorption reached an equilibrium at about 50 min. The kinetic data can be described well with the pseudo-second-order model and the isotherm data was found to fi t the Langmuir isotherm with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 211.42 mg/g. The biosorption appears to be controlled by chemisorption and may be involved in surface adsorption and pore diffusion during the whole biosorption process.     

啤酒酵母菌对重金属污水吸附性能研究

以海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇作为包埋剂对啤酒酵母菌进行固定化,研究了溶液pH值、金属离子初始浓度、菌体浓度、吸附时间和吸附温度等因素对固定化啤酒酵母吸附重金属污水中Ni^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋离子的影响,得出了生物吸附的最佳条件。实验表明,当溶液的pH值为4.50,金属离子初始浓度为40mg/L,菌体浓度为15g/L,吸附时间为140min,吸附温度为36℃时,固定化啤酒酵母对Ni^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cu^2＋的吸附效果最佳。在上述条件下对工业污水进行处理,固定化啤酒酵母对稀释30倍的水样1中Ni^2＋和Cu^2＋的吸附率分别为80.17%和95.27%,对不经稀释的水样2中Zn^2＋的吸附率为90.48%。     

MoS2/硼掺杂石墨烯的电化学析氢和储锂性能

为了研发高效低成本的析氢反应(HER)电催化剂和高性能的电化学储锂电极材料,通过一步水热法制备MoS₂/硼掺杂石墨烯（MoS₂/BG）复合材料. 结果表明,少堆积MoS₂纳米片均匀地分散在硼掺杂石墨烯上,并具有较多的无序结构和扩大的层间距. 作为析氢反应电催化剂,MoS₂/BG复合材料表现出较高的电催化活性和较低的Tafel斜率（46.3 mV/dec）;作为电化学储锂电极材料,MoS₂/BG复合材料表现出优异的电化学储锂性能,可逆比容量为1 205 mA·h/g,并具有稳定的循环性能和显著增强的高倍率特性. MoS₂/BG复合材料电化学性能优异是由于硼掺杂改变石墨烯的电子性质和表面特性,以及无序结构较多的弱堆积MoS₂层均匀地分散在硼掺杂石墨烯表面,增加电催化析氢反应的活性位点和电化学储锂能力,降低电极反应的电子转移阻抗,增强电极反应的动力学性能.     

Effects of dispersant on performance of Ni-Zn batteries

A new additive of sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) was introduced to the paste of zinc electrode, with the purpose of preventing the zinc active materials from agglomerating and improving the stability of batteries. The properties of the zinc electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), constant current charge/discharge measurement, self-discharge test and hydrogen collection experiment. The photographs of zinc electrode show that SHMP can significantly break up the agglomeration, uniformize the particle distribution and increase the surface area, which are advantageous to improve the electrochemical performance of zinc electrode. The experimental battery shows a 97 times cycling life and a 30.2% remaining capacity after 4 d storage. The hydrogen collection experimental results indicate that the SHMP can decrease the ratio of hydrogen evolution. Therefore, the corrosion of zinc electrode is suppressed and the charge/discharge efficiency is enhanced.