An evolutionary game theory based approach for query expansion

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In Information Retrieval (IR) Systems, an essential technique employed to improve accuracy and efficiency is Query Expansion (QE). QE is the technique that...     

High-speed,low-leakage integrated circuits: An evolutionary algorithm perspective

The markets today observe users having increasing demands on processing speed and energy consumption of their mobile devices. However, processing speed as well as functionality always comes at the expense of energy and thus limits, among other things, mobility and integration density. Recent technological developments allow for the simultaneous realization of slow, low-energy consuming as well as fast, high-energy consuming gates on the very same chip. In this respect, a particular design is an abstract optimization task for which this paper applies evolutionary algorithms. These algorithms are heuristic population-based search procedures that utilize certain mechanisms known from natural evolution. In comparison to currently available deterministic optimization procedures, the evolutionary algorithms achieved some energy savings of about 10–40% on standard ISCAS test problems, while still yielding the highest processing speed possible.     

An incentive game based evolutionary model for crowd sensing networks

Crowd sensing networks can be used for large scale sensing of the physical world or other information service by leveraging the available sensors on the phones. The collector hopes to collect as much as sensed data at relatively low cost. However, the sensing participants want to earn much money at low cost. This paper examines the evolutionary process among participants sensing networks and proposes an evolutionary game model to depict collaborative game phenomenon in the crowd sensing networks based on the principles of game theory in economics. A effectively incentive mechanism is established through corrected the penalty function of the game model accordance with the cooperation rates of the participant, and corrected the game times in accordance with it’s payoff. The collector controls the process of game by adjusting the price function. We find that the proposed incentive game based evolutionary model can help decision makers simulate evolutionary process under various scenarios. The crowd sensing networks structure significantly influence cooperation ratio and the total number of participant involved in the game, and the distribution of population with different game strategy. Through evolutionary game model, the manager can select an optimal price to facilitate the system reach equilibrium state quickly, and get the number of participants involved in the game. The incentive game based evolutionary model in crowd sensing networks provides valuable decision-making support to managers.     

An evolutionary game approach to IoT task offloading in fog-cloud computing

The Journal of Supercomputing - Developing the edge and fog computing has been the result of the fast growth of cloud-based IoT applications. These new paradigms define new resource management...     

A decision framework for the analysis of green supply chain contracts: An evolutionary game approach

The overwhelming growth in the struggle between economy and ecology has led managerial research to promote methodologies to reap profits ensuring sustainability of the ecosystem thus venturing into the novel domain incorporating sustainability with supply chain management and coordination. In this paper, we look for a synergetic alliance between the environmental and commercial benefits by establishing coordination between the producer and the retailer to adjudicate their strategies to trigger green practices with the focus on maximizing economic profits by leveraging upon the product’s greenness. A two player game has been developed to stand synonymous to the situation considered. Special considerations have been devised to augment the analysis with the consumer psychology towards the green products to establish a practical outlook involving the greenness and economic returns. Evolutionary dynamics has been adopted extensively to locate the optimal and the most stable point offering the best economic gains. The economically suitable solutions are then substantiated on an existing sustainability metric and hence we aim to offer a holistic view into supply chain dynamics from the perspective of environmental management. The insights drawn provide managerial implications and advantages of having environment as a key focus along with business motives.     

The evolution of perspective view in WalkMap

A wearable computer is a potential platform for map applications: it is mobile in nature, and is often equipped with a head-worn display capable of displaying maps of the surrounding area in graphical form. In this paper, we present a map application, called WalkMap, developed for wearable computers. We concentrate on the visual presentation of the map, and propose a visualisation method that is based on the perspective distortion of a regular two-dimensional bird's-eye view map. We also describe the results of a field study, and compare the distorted view to a regular two-dimensional view. The results show that while a perspective visualisation is good for some navigational tasks, for some other tasks a regular map is preferred. We then continue by developing the visualisation further, and present a fully adjustable three-dimensional version of the map application, called WalkMap3D. WalkMap3D can display the map area in three dimensions, but is also capable of displaying both traditional two-dimensional and perspective map views.Abbreviations GLU OpenGL Graphics System Utility Library - HWD Head Worn Display - LOD Level of Detail - VRML Virtual Reality Modelling Language - YAH You Are Here     

The role of social network sites on the relationship between game users and developers: an evolutionary game analysis of virtual goods

Information Technology and Management - Social network sites (SNS) have gradually permeated into people’s daily life recently, providing a new perspective for promoting the virtual market in...     

Design of evolutionary algorithms-A statistical perspective

This paper describes a statistical method that helps to find good parameter settings for evolutionary algorithms. The method builds a functional relationship between the algorithm's performance and its parameter values. This relationship-a statistical model-can be identified thanks to simulation data. Estimation and test procedures are used to evaluate the effect of parameter variation. In addition, good parameter settings can be investigated with a reduced number of experiments. Problem labeling can also be considered as a model variable and the method enables identifying classes of problems for which the algorithm behaves similarly. Defining such classes increases the quality of estimations without increasing the computational cost     

MAC protocols over wireless mesh networks: problems and perspective

The wireless mesh network (WMN) has been an emerging technology in recent years. Because the transmission medium used in networking backhaul access points (APs) is radio, the wireless mesh network is not only easy and cost effective in deployment, but also has good scalability in coverage area and capacity. This paper provides an overview of distributed medium access control (MAC) protocols, discusses their features and suitability for WMNs and identifies potential challenges and open research issues. Specifically, we overview the technical medium access control of the new standard for WMNs, the mesh deployments of the IEEE 802.16 MAC and we focus on the coordinated distributed scheduling (CDS) scheme of this. Moreover, we assess the fitness of the IEEE 802.11 over wireless mesh networks. Through the study of existing solutions, we analyze the previous work and sketch the contours of the directions to achieve the throughput and the latency that must be guaranteed in WMNs. In this context we suggest future enhancements to the standard that could increase throughput, while also increase the robustness, without complexity increases and propose and evaluate a new distributed scheduling scheme (DSS). We compared the CDS and the DSS and simulations studies document and confirm the positive characteristics of the proposed scheme. Furthermore, we proposed an analytical model to assess a lower bound in terms of delay.     

The computer spectrum: a perspective on the evolution of computing

A report from the IEEE Scientific Supercomputer Subcommittee traces and analyzes the evolution of computer classes and offers near-term projections. It examines business and scientific computers, the emergence of new classes, the supercomputer and the minicomputer, the evolution of the supercomputer, the emergence of the minisupercomputer, and the personal computer and the applications workstation. It provides a historical analysis of these trends and discusses the lack of comparable software developments     

Creativity and evolution: a metadesign perspective

Abstract

In a world that is not predictable, improvisation and evolution are more than a luxury: they are a necessity. The challenge of design is not a matter of getting rid of the emergent, but rather of making it an opportunity for more creative and more sustainable solutions. User-centered and participatory design approaches have focused primarily on activities taking place at design time. These approaches have not given enough emphasis and they have provided few mechanisms to support systems as living entities that can evolve over time. Metadesign is a unique design approach concerned with opening up solution spaces rather than complete solutions (hence the prefix meta-), and aimed at creating social and technical infrastructures in which new forms of collaborative design can take place. This approach extends the traditional notion of design beyond the original development of a system to include co-adaptive processes between users and systems that enable the users to act as designers in personally meaningful activities and be creative.     

Solution of multiobjective optimization problems: coevolutionary algorithm based on evolutionary game theory

When attempting to solve multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs) using evolutionary algorithms, the Pareto genetic algorithm (GA) has now become a standard of sorts. After its introduction, this approach was further developed and led to many applications. All of these approaches are based on Pareto ranking and use the fitness sharing function to keep diversity. On the other hand, the scheme for solving MOPs presented by Nash introduced the notion of Nash equilibrium and aimed at solving MOPs that originated from evolutionary game theory and economics. Since the concept of Nash Equilibrium was introduced, game theorists have attempted to formalize aspects of the evolutionary equilibrium. Nash genetic algorithm (Nash GA) is the idea to bring together genetic algorithms and Nash strategy. The aim of this algorithm is to find the Nash equilibrium through the genetic process. Another central achievement of evolutionary game theory is the introduction of a method by which agents can play optimal strategies in the absence of rationality. Through the process of Darwinian selection, a population of agents can evolve to an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS). In this article, we find the ESS as a solution of MOPs using a coevolutionary algorithm based on evolutionary game theory. By applying newly designed coevolutionary algorithms to several MOPs, we can confirm that evolutionary game theory can be embodied by the coevolutionary algorithm and this coevolutionary algorithm can find optimal equilibrium points as solutions for an MOP. We also show the optimization performance of the co-evolutionary algorithm based on evolutionary game theory by applying this model to several MOPs and comparing the solutions with those of previous evolutionary optimization models. This work was presented, in part, at the 8th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 24#x2013;26, 2003.     

A game theoretic comparison of TCP and digital fountain based protocols

In this paper we analyze a novel paradigm of reliable communication which is not based on the traditional timeout-and-retransmit mechanism of TCP. Our approach, which we call Fountain Based Protocol (FBP), consists of using a digital fountain encoding which guarantees that duplicate packets are almost impossible. By using Game Theory, we analyze the behavior of TCP and FBP in the presence of congestion. We show that hosts using TCP have an incentive to switch to an FBP approach, obtaining a higher goodput. Furthermore, we also show that a Nash equilibrium occurs when all hosts use FBP (i.e., when FBP hosts act in an absolutely selfish manner injecting packets into the network as fast as they can and without any kind of congestion control approach). At this equilibrium, the performance of the network is similar to the performance obtained when all hosts comply with TCP. Regarding the interaction of hosts using FBP at different rates, our results show that the Nash equilibrium is reached when all hosts send at the highest possible rate, and, as before, that the performance of the network in such a case is similar to the obtained when all hosts comply with TCP.     

Consumer behavior in online game communities: A motivational factor perspective

The concept of online communities has been used to improve customers’ loyalty in recent years. While studies on transaction community such as online auction have received more attention in the literature, entertainment community such as online game has seldom been addressed. This study applies the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and modifies the technology acceptance model (TAM) to propose a research model. An empirical study involving 356 subjects was conducted to test this model. The results indicate that customer loyalty is influenced by perceived enjoyment, social norms and preference. Perceived cohesion has an indirect impact on loyalty. In addition, the finding’s practical implication suggests that community managers must overcome the problems users encounter, including suffering from an unstable system, malicious players and grief players.     

The evolutionary perspective of knowledge creation – A mathematical representation

Since knowledge and its strategic applications have now become a major source of competitive advantage for organizations, the lifeblood of organizations is to possess the capabilities for acquiring, creating, sharing, diffusing, utilizing, and storing knowledge among organizational members. Among the capabilities, knowledge creation is the major resource of organizational innovation and it, therefore, plays a more crucial role in developing a sustained competitive advantage for organizations, especially in a dynamic environment. Although numerous papers have studied the issue of knowledge creation, those papers focused on conceptualizing the process of knowledge creation and did not investigate the concrete problem of knowledge creation. In the current paper, a mathematical representation of knowledge creation based on an evolutionary perspective is used to understand: (1) if knowledge can be created; (2) how knowledge is created; (3) under what conditions knowledge can be created; (4) the partial effects of variables which affect the process of knowledge creation.     

Analysing the development of cooperation in MANETs using evolutionary game theory

A wireless mobile ad hoc network is an autonomous system of mobile nodes, which have to cooperate in packet relaying in order to provide the necessary network functionality. Packet relaying based on reciprocity generates strong cooperation incentives even among purely self-regarding nodes. The necessary distinction between selfish and cooperative participants is provided to a node by its trust system. In this article we analyse the particular case where a reputation system is not present in the network, i.e. nodes use solely their local trust systems. In such a case, whether the cooperation is based on direct or on indirect reciprocity, depends on the information type used by trust systems of the network participants. The influence of two factors on the development of cooperation—the network size and the type of participating nodes—is analysed using evolutionary game theory. Computational experiments demonstrate that, in a small network or in a network with many non-cooperative nodes, the cooperation is more likely to be developed on the basis of both reciprocity mechanisms. On the other hand, a large network and the existence of many unconditionally cooperative nodes favour the development of cooperation on the basis of direct reciprocity.