异构无线网状网分布式接口和信道联合分配的研究*

研究了无线网状网络中分布式分配信道时,接口异构对网络容量的影响。提出了一种新颖的以射频链路为信道分配对象的接口和信道联合分配ILP模型,给出了一种自适应于网络流量变化的分布式贪婪算法。该算法以射频链路为信道分配对象,基于2-hop干扰模型,以队列长度为权的射频链路吞吐量之和最大为目标,寻找自适应流量变化的分布式分配方案。分析发现,该算法与目前已有的非接口异构的Dist. Greedy算法的时间复杂度相当,仿真结果表明本算法下的网络性能有明显提升。     

基于TDMA方式WMN中一种链路调度机制研究

基于TDMA方式的无线网状网中,链路调度对网络性能起着重要作用.针对固定顺序的待调度链路集,提出求解最优调度周期的启发式算法;基于链路顺序对算法性能的影响,从全局优化的角度对全网链路进行排序,提出基于遗传算法的最优链路调度机制.仿真结果表明,该算法能快速收敛于全网链路的最小调度周期,具有比现有算法更高的传输效率和更低的实施复杂度.     

无线mesh网络服务性能评估方法

结合无线mesh网络的特点,构建了目标层-准则层-子准则层的层次型指标体系,提出了层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)和模糊综合评估法(fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,FCE)相结合的联合评估方法.采用该方法可对无线mesh网络的服务性能进行评估,并得到直观的量化值.实例分析可知,评估结果可直观地反映网络服务质量的优劣以及对网络服务质量的调整提供一定的指导建议.     

无线mesh网中基于蚁群算法的多约束QoS路由研究

针对多约束QoS路由问题的求解,现今并没有有效的近似算法,一般采用启发式算法求解。先介绍了QoS、QoS的各种参数指标以及多约束QoS路由的定义,接着通过移动Ad-hoc网和无线mesh网络的异同的比较,根据Ad-hoc网络的研究现状,分析了蚁群算法在无线mesh网络中QoS研究的可行性。     

WMN基于理性博弈的惩罚机制*

在借鉴已有P2P网络激励机制的基础上,结合WMN的特点,提出了一种基于理性博弈的惩罚机制,并构建了该机制的有限自动机模型.惩罚机制能有效地理性惩罚自私节点,威慑其放弃自私行为.仿真结果验证了机制的有效性.     

基于负载平衡的分层无线Mesh网络路由协议*

移动互连和多媒体业务要求无线网络具备高吞吐量和高移动性,对路由协议提出了更高的要求。针对无线Mesh网络分层结构和节点拥塞问题,提出一种基于负载平衡的分层无线Mesh网络路由协议。该路由协议在不同分层使用不同的路由算法,将负载作为最优路由的建立和选择判据,不同于传统的“先拥塞、后处理”解决思路,从源头上防止节点拥塞,从而提高网络的性能。仿真测试结果表明,该路由协议能更好地适应无线Mesh网络的分层结构,对于高移动性无线Mesh网络能获得较高的性能提升。     

A new parallel scheduling system for multiple radio wireless mesh network

To enhance the capacity of wireless mesh networks, a key technique is widely investigated which is the usage of multi-radio and multi-channel diversity. In this paper, a new parallel scheduling system is proposed which exploits MAC diversities by transmitting packets on the radios opportunistically. Compared with conventional packet transmission which follows “one flow one radio”, the new system uses radio diversity to transmit the packets on different radios simultaneously. Two kernel components of this system are selection module and schedule module. A localized selecting algorithm is implemented in the selection model to choose the right radios based on the quality of wireless links; two distributed packet-scheduling algorithms are optional with the schedule component. Finally, a routing metric adapting this system is presented. We have carried out a comprehensive performance evaluation of this system using ns-2. Simulation results show that it can successfully harness diversity of multi-radio and multi-channel to provide considerable improvements over a baseline multi-channel system in several situations.     

基于Wi-Fi的无线控制网络TDMA协议的设计

为解决多种网络协议共存的混合无线网络环境中,控制信息高速、实时、可靠传输的问题,在IEEE802.11协议MAC层基础上开发了TDMA协议。该协议在充分利用Wi-Fi高传输速率的同时,解决了Wi-Fi退避重传机制导致传输时延不确定的问题,增强系统的实时性。实验结果表明,协议在保证95%以上的传输可靠性的同时,传输速率可达5 Mb/s,相较于典型的基于IEEE 802.15.4协议的工业控制网络有大幅提高。TDMA系统中的短帧中有95.4%、长帧中有89.87%可以在2 ms以内的发送完成,传输时延远低于原有的Wi-Fi标准。此外,系统不改变上层协议栈,保持接口的兼容性,便于控制应用程序的开发。     

A new parallel scheduling system for multiple radio wireless mesh network

To enhance the capacity of wireless mesh networks, a key technique is widely investigated which is the usage of multi-radio and multi-channel diversity. In this paper, a new parallel scheduling system is proposed which exploits MAC diversities by transmitting packets on the radios opportunistically. Compared with conventional packet transmission which follows “one flow one radio”, the new system uses radio diversity to transmit the packets on different radios simultaneously. Two kernel components of this system are selection module and schedule module. A localized selecting algorithm is implemented in the selection model to choose the right radios based on the quality of wireless links; two distributed packet-scheduling algorithms are optional with the schedule component. Finally, a routing metric adapting this system is presented. We have carried out a comprehensive performance evaluation of this system using ns-2. Simulation results show that it can successfully harness diversity of multi-radio and multi-channel to provide considerable improvements over a baseline multi-channel system in several situations.     

Throughput-coverage tradeoff in a scalable wireless mesh network

The wireless mesh network (WMN) is an economical and low-power solution to support ubiquitous broadband services. However, mesh networks face scalability and throughput bottleneck issues as the coverage and the number of users increase. Specifically, if the coverage is extended by multiple hops, the repeatedly relayed traffic will exhaust the radio resource and degrade user throughput. Meanwhile, as the traffic increases because of more users, the throughput bottleneck will occur at the users close to the gateway. The contention collisions among these busy users near the gateway will further reduce user throughput. In this paper, a newly proposed scalable multi-channel ring-based WMN is employed. Under the ring-based cell structure, multi-channel frequency planning is used to reduce the number of contending users at each hop and overcome the throughput bottleneck issue, thereby making the system more scalable to accommodate more users and facilitate coverage extension. This paper mainly focuses on investigating the overall tradeoffs between user throughput and cell coverage in the ring-based WMN. An analytical throughput model is developed for the ring-based WMN using the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) medium access control (MAC) protocol. In the analysis, we also develop a bulk-arrival semi-Markov queueing model to describe user behavior in a non-saturation condition. On top of the developed analytical model, a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem is formulated, aiming to maximize cell coverage and capacity. Applying this optimization approach, we can obtain the optimal number of rings and the associated ring widths of the ring-based WMN.     

A topology control approach for utilizing multiple channels in multi-radio wireless mesh networks

We consider the channel assignment problem in a multi-radio wireless mesh network that involves assigning channels to radio interfaces for achieving efficient channel utilization. We present a graph–theoretic formulation of the channel assignment guided by a novel topology control perspective, and show that the resulting optimization problem is NP-complete. We also present an ILP formulation that is used for obtaining a lower bound for the optimum. We then develop a new greedy heuristic channel assignment algorithm (termed CLICA) for finding connected, low interference topologies by utilizing multiple channels. Our evaluations show that the proposed CLICA algorithm exhibits similar behavior and comparable performance relative to the optimum bound with respect to interference and capacity measures. Moreover, our extensive simulation studies show that it can provide a large reduction in interference even with a small number of radios per node, which in turn leads to significant gains in both link layer and multihop performance in 802.11-based multi-radio mesh networks.     

工业IEEE802.15.4a标准无线网络性能测试设计与实现

基于IEEE 802.15.4a标准的短距离无线传输技术在工业中得到了广泛的应用,然而,针对IEEE802.15.4a协议工业无线网络的性能测试研究较少,评判工业无线控制系统是否符合工业场合的应用缺乏精确的描述;为评价基于IEEE 802.15.4a标准的工业无线网络的性能,搭建了基于该标准的无线网络测试平台,基于ARM处理器开发了工业无线网络性能测试装置,给出了测试装置的软硬件设计,通过测试获得工业无线网络控制系统的丢包率、吞吐率、协议转换时间等性能指标,测试结果表明该装置能够有效地实现对基于该标准的无线网络进行性能测试,为改善和优化工业无线网络的应用、保证系统的稳定运行提供了有力的依据。     

网络编码在无线Mesh网络中的应用

论文研究了在有冲突的无线Mesh网络中,相对于存储转发机制,随机网络编码对文件共享所带来的下载时间的增益。仿真结果表明,当节点分别为移动和固定时,在盲转发（Blind-Forward）和选择性转发（Selective-Forward）节点协作方式下,随机网络编码均较大地降低了文件下载的时间。论文对仿真结果进行了性能分析。     

基于事件逻辑的无线Mesh网络认证协议安全性证明

无线Mesh网络是一种结合无线局域网和移动自组织网络的新型多跳网络,无线网络的开放性和资源受限性使得无线网络容易遭受重放、伪装等攻击。事件逻辑是一种描述并发与分布式系统中状态迁移和算法的形式化方法,可用于证明网络协议的安全性。以事件逻辑为基础提出一系列性质,其中包含多组合信息交互、不叠加、事件匹配、去重复、去未来,以降低协议分析过程中的冗余度以及复杂度,提高协议分析效率。对无线Mesh网络客户端双向认证协议进行分析,证明该协议能够抵抗中间人发起的重放攻击,无线Mesh客户端双向认证协议是安全的。此理论适用于类似复杂无线网络协议形式化分析。     

多媒体无线Mesh网基于机会路由的网络编码

采用机会路由下无线Mesh网络的链路吞吐量模型,利用确定性网络演算工具,得到无线Mesh网络节点数据积压的上界以及端到端数据流延迟和抖动的上界;然后设计满足多媒体服务质量的确定性网络编码（DNC）,提出ETC作为确定机会路由中编码节点的指标,在节点数据积压未达到上界时,编码节点采用线性网络编码,提高网络的性能;提出ETP作为机会路由中选择候选节点的指标,主要考虑端到端的延迟和延迟抖动确定接收数据的候选集。仿真结果表明可以达到较好的效果。     

802.11s无线mesh网络研究进展与挑战

无线mesh网络是从移动Ad hoc网络中分离出来的新型宽带无线多跳网络架构,能够灵活地提高网络覆盖率和增加网络容量,适合作为宽带无线接入骨干网。IEEE成立的802.11s任务组负责802.11 ESS架构的mesh扩展,由于许多关键技术的研究尚未成熟,严重影响了802.11s标准的制定进度。为便于了解802.11s标准,全面地论述802.11s涉及的关键技术,并且从网络性能的角度指出802.11s mesh的不足以及面临的挑战。     

无线Mesh网络信道分配研究

针对多接口多信道无线Mesh网络,提出了一种基于链路负载和链路“潜在的”干扰度的权值的分布式静态信道分配算法。给出基于链路负载和链路“潜在的”干扰度的权值的定义和基于权值的链表的构建方法;阐述了算法的设计思想和实现步骤。仿真实验测试结果表明,该算法不但能适应业务流量分布均匀或不均匀的状态,而且能相应地提高网络吞吐量,提升网络性能。     

无线mesh网络多路径QoS路由研究*

基于TDMA提出了一种多路径路由算法。该路由算法是利用两个节点间多条并行的路径作为一个QoS请求的路线。而这多条路径的带宽总和能够满足QoS的带宽要求。通过仿真实验结果证明了该算法相比SPR能明显提高路由的请求成功率。     

无线Mesh网络路由攻击及防范

介绍了无线Mesh网络(WMN)的基本概念及组成结构,在此基础之上指出了当前针对WMN的几种主要的路由攻击。最后,以Click架构下的SR2协议为载体,搭建了WMN实验床。在此实验床上实现了黑洞和洪泛两种攻击,进而引出其针对这两种攻击的检测算法并证明其有效性。     

Evaluating transport protocol performance over a wireless mesh backbone

IEEE 802.11n wireless physical layer technology increases the deployment of high throughput wireless indoor mesh backbones for ubiquitous Internet connectivity at the urban and metropolitan areas. Most of the network traffic flows in today’s Internet use ‘Transmission Control Protocol’ (TCP) as the transport layer protocol. There has been extensive works that deal with TCP issues over wireless mesh networks as well as noisy wireless channels. Further, IEEE 802.11n is well known for its susceptibility to increased channel losses during high data rate communication. This paper investigates the dynamics of an end-to-end transport layer protocol like TCP in the presence of burst and correlated losses during IEEE 802.11n high data rate communication, while maintaining fairness among all the end-to-end flows. For this purpose, we evaluate four TCP variants-Loss Tolerant TCP (LT-TCP), Network Coded TCP (TCP/NC), TCP-Horizon and Wireless Control Protocol (WCP), where the first two protocols are known to perform very well in extreme lossy networks, and the last two are specifically designed for mesh networks. Our evaluation shows that WCP performs better in a IEEE 802.11n supported mesh networks compared to other three variants. However, WCP also results in negative impact at high data rates, where end-to-end goodput drops with the increase in physical data rate. The analysis of the results reveals that explicit loss notifications and flow balancing are not sufficient to improve transport protocol performance in an IEEE 802.11n supported mesh backbone, rather a specific mechanism is required to synchronize the transport queue management with lower layer scheduling that depends on IEEE 802.11n features, like channel bonding and frame aggregation. The findings of this paper give the direction to design a new transport protocol that can utilize the full capacity of IEEE 802.11n mesh backbone.