机组PSS参数整定及其抑制系统低频振荡的效果

在对云南大朝山水电厂机组的ABB公司UNITROL 5000数字式励磁调节器的电力系统稳定器(PSS)、漫湾电厂机组的南瑞集团SJ-800型励磁调节器的电力系统稳定器(PSS)进行初步理论计算研究的基础上,通过对其励磁系统进行在线无补偿频率特性的测量,分别提出了一组PSS参数,并详细进行了PSS电压阶跃响应试验、原动机功率突然改变时的反调试验、系统扰动试验,结果表明,这两组参数可以有效地阻尼系统低频振荡,具有良好的鲁棒性。大朝山电厂、漫湾电厂发电机组PSS投入运行后,对保证云南电网乃至南方电网安全稳定运行起到了重要作用。     

抽水蓄能机组PSS参数设计与现场试验

围绕广东电网的暂态稳定问题进行了广东电网主要运行方式下的动稳定分析计算,得出抽水蓄能机组的机电振荡频率及其阻尼情况。根据广东电网和南方电网的振荡频率落在0．3～2．0 Hz的低频段上的特点,并结合蓄能电厂机组的参数与特性,经BPA潮流、稳定计算程序和小扰动动态稳定分析程序计算分析比较,对蓄能机组的PSS参数进行了初步设计。通过现场试验对抽水蓄能机组的PSS参数进行优化整定,检验PSS的性能以及在工况调整和转换过程中的适应能力。     

基于系统留数矩阵的广域PSS设计

电力系统低频振荡严重影响电网的稳定运行。传统的电力系统稳定器（PSS）采用本地机组信号，不能有效提高系统阻尼。广域测量系统使得电力系统向广域观测与控制的方向发展。文中使用反馈信号机组和控制机组相分离的设计思想，提出根据转子角频率对振荡模式的能观度选取反馈信号机组，根据PSS输出信号对振荡模式的能控度选取控制机组，从而构成广域PSS控制回路。基于留数矩阵的分析表明了这种广域PSS控制策略具有比本地信号PSS更强的能观性和能控性。最后给出了基于留数的广域PSS参数设计方法。16机系统上的仿真结果表明，基于留数矩阵进行设计的广域PSS能更有效地抑制系统低频振荡，提高互联电网的稳定性。     

小浪底电厂PSS试验与整定

PSS(电力系统稳定器)可以向一个可能引起负阻尼的励磁调节器中注入某些附加控制信号,使之提供正的阻尼,平息自动励磁调节器的低频振荡。以小浪底电厂2#机组励磁PSS参数实测为例,通过试验对励磁系统及PSS参数进行了调整,改善了励磁系统的调节性能,抑制了可能出现的电力系统低频振荡。     

PSS2B型电力系统稳定器高增益参数整定分析

针对发电机励磁系统PSS2B型电力系统稳定器现场试验临界增益与真实临界增益差距较大导致PSS无法发挥应有阻尼抑制效果的问题,提出了基于励磁振荡模态的闭环根轨迹准确求取PSS理论临界增益的仿真计算方法;提出了保持励磁系统AVR增益不变,优化相位补偿参数增大临界增益提高阻尼力矩和同步力矩的PSS高增益参数整定及试验方法。针对PSS现场试验不能及时发现PSS定值对AVC功能及系统电压影响的问题,提出了PSS高增益整定参数实时运行分析方法。     

刘家峡水电厂5号机励磁系统模型参数测试及PSS试验结果及分析

通过对刘家峡水电厂5号机组的励磁系统进行参数实测，给出了该机组励磁系统的参数测试项目及结果，确定了电力系统稳定计算用数学模型和参数，进行了电力系统稳定器（PSS）的参数选择和现场试验，确定了PSS的运行参数。现场的实践表明，所建模型及其参数能满足系统稳定运行的要求，具有一定的参考价值。     

电力系统稳定器在喜河水电站的应用研究

针对喜河水电站水轮发电机励磁控制系统中的励磁调节器产生负阻尼转矩可能导致电力系统低频振荡的问题,采用电力系统稳定器(PSS)以抑制低频振荡。建立了喜河水电站3号水轮机组的PSS模型,通过模型参数测试结果与仿真结果的比较,验证了参数的准确性,并进行了现场试验研究。结果表明,该机组PSS能够有效地抑制系统低频振荡,对本机振荡有良好的正阻尼作用。     

电力系统稳定器在喜河水电站的应用研究

针对喜河水电站水轮发电机励磁控制系统中的励磁调节器产生负阻尼转矩可能导致电力系统低频振荡的问题,采用电力系统稳定器（PSS）以抑制低频振荡。建立了喜河水电站3号水轮机组的PSS模型,通过模型参数测试结果与仿真结果的比较,验证了参数的准确性,并进行了现场试验研究。结果表明,该机组PSS能够有效地抑制系统低频振荡,对本机振荡有良好的正阻尼作用。     

基于特征根分析法的水电厂PSS参数配置

采用状态空间-特征根分析法研究系统的振荡模态,提取机电振荡模式,通过特征根灵敏度分析,为PSS参数整定提供依据。并以柬埔寨达岱水电厂机组实际运行工况为基本条件,通过算例比较了PSS出厂参考参数与实际运行工况下设置的参数在发挥抑制低频振荡作用方面的性能。     

采用广域测量信息反馈的广域PSS参数设计

根据互联电网区间振荡的特点,可将参与振荡的机群按各自的“部分惯性中心”等值为两机系统。文中首先推导了等值两机系统的电磁转矩系数,为区间振荡模式的电磁转矩分析奠定了理论依据。在此基础上提出了双通道反馈结构的广域电力系统稳定器（PSS）,并采用建立在同步转矩及阻尼转矩概念上的扩展相位补偿法,进一步推导了反映广域反馈信号与本地反馈信号之间关系的传递函数,然后进行相量坐标映射变换,最后系统研究了广域PSS的参数设计。仿真结果表明:它能有效抑制系统的区间低频振荡,提高系统的小信号稳定极限,与其他稳定器设计方法相比,能够进一步改善系统阻尼特性。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。