磁化等离子体的并行三维JEC-FDTD算法及其应用

 给出了三维磁化等离子体的电流密度卷积－时域有限差分(JEC-FDTD)算法的迭代公式,指出该算法与一般FDTD算法实现并行时的不同:增加了电流密度的迭代,以及并行计算时在子域交界面上增加了一些数据的交换.并实现了基于MPI (Message Passing Interface)的并行JEC-FDTD算法.然后用计算涂覆等离子体的金属球的雷达散射截面(RCS)的算例验证了并行程序的可靠性,并测试了并行程序在某集群上的并行效率.最后计算了涂敷磁化等离子体的全尺寸飞机的单站RCS.结果表明并行JEC-FDTD算法是可靠的,而且并行效率高,能计算各向异性磁化等离子体的电大尺寸目标的散射.     

电磁波在任意磁偏角等离子体中的传播

本文将电流密度卷积时域有限差分（Current Density Convolution Finite Difference Time Domain,JEC-FDTD）方法扩展到求解任意磁偏角电磁波在磁化等离子体中的传播和共振吸收问题.首先,验证数值算法正确性,分析了法拉第旋转角效应,以及任意磁偏角电磁波在等离子体中的传播特性.然后,求解电磁波在磁化等离子体中的等离子体朗缪尔共振、电子回旋共振、高频混杂共振吸收特性.结合在电离层加热中的应用,重点分析了等离子体高频混杂共振吸收特性,得到了高频混杂共振激发的频率匹配条件.数值结果表明,高频混杂共振吸收是电离层加热的有效方式,对于解释电离层加热机制具有重要意义.     

Piecewise linear current density recursive convolution FDTD implementation for anisotropic magnetized plasmas

The piecewise linear current density recursive convolution (PLCDRC) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for isotropic dispersive media greatly improves accuracy over recursive convolution (RC) and current density recursive convolution (CDRC) FDTD approaches but retains its speed and efficiency advantages. This letter extends this approach to anisotropic magnetoactive plasmas which incorporates both anisotropy and frequency dispersion at the same time, enabling the transient solutions of electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic magnetoactive plasmas. The high efficiency and accuracy of the method are confirmed by computing the reflection and transmission through a magnetized plasma layer, with the direction of propagation parallel to the direction of the biasing field. A comparison to frequency-domain analytic results and CDRC FDTD results is included.     

Finite-difference time-domain analysis of gyrotropic media. I.Magnetized plasma

When subjected to a constant magnetic field, both plasmas and ferrites exhibit anisotropic constitutive parameters. For electronic plasmas this anisotropy must be described by using a permittivity tensor in place of the usual scalar permittivity. Each member of this tensor is also very frequency dependent. A finite-difference time-domain formulation which incorporates both anisotropy and frequency dispersion, enabling the wideband transient analysis of magnetoactive plasma, is described. Results are shown for the reflection and transmission through a magnetized plasma layer, with the direction of propagation parallel to the direction of the biasing field. A comparison to frequency-domain analytic results is included     

FDTD Analysis of Electromagnetic Reflection by Conductive Plane Covered with Magnetized Inhomogeneous Plasmas

A novel finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methodology which incorporates both anisotropy and frequency dispersion at the same time is developed for electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic magnetoactive plasmas in this paper. The numerical verification of the method are confirmed by computing the reflection and transmission of right-handed/left-handed circularly polarized (RCP/LCP) wave through a magnetized plasma layer, with the direction of propagation parallel to the direction of the biasing field. And, the right-handed / left-handed polarized wave reflection coefficients for electromagnetic signals normally incident upon a conductive plane covered with a layer of magnetized plasma are computed using the new FDTD method. The parabolic electron-number density profile varies only in the direction perpendicular to the plane. The function dependence of reflection coefficients on the number density, collision frequency and external magnetic field is studied.     

温度、密度对磁化等离子体光子晶体的影响

为了研究温度、密度对磁化等离子体光子晶体禁带特性的影响,采用在等温近似的条件下,磁化等离子体的分段线形电流密度卷积时域有限差分算法研究了1维磁化等离子体光子晶体的禁带特性。以高斯脉冲为激励源,用算法公式得到的电磁波透射系数来讨论了温度、等离子体层密度对其禁带特性的影响。结果表明,改变温度和等离子体层密度分布可以实现对禁带的控制。     

磁化等离子体覆盖导体散射问题的FE/BI方法分析

基于矢量有限元方法和边界积分方程,推导了分析三维导体表面覆盖各向异性磁化等离子体电磁散射问题的矢量有限元/边界积分(FE/BI)方法公式,并将该方法推广到外磁场沿任意方向时磁化等离子体的情形。应用该方法计算了磁化等离子覆盖导体目标的双站雷达散射截面(RCS),分析了等离子体厚度、密度、碰撞频率和外磁场方向对雷达散射截面的影响。数值计算结果表明:在导体表面覆盖各向异性磁化等离子体并且选取合适的参数,能够有效地减少雷达散射截面。     

空间磁化等离子体非线性受激电磁辐射进展

电磁波和磁化等离子体的非线性相互作用复杂,高功率电磁波调控电离层实验提供了研究非线性基本问题的主动方式.为构建空间磁化等离子体受激电磁辐射(stimulated electromagnetic emissions,SEEs)体系,本文首先总结了磁化等离子体中可能发生的参量不稳定性;其次,回顾了近十年国际电离层加热激发S...     

1维时变磁化等离子体光子晶体的密温特性

为了研究1维时变磁化等离子体光子晶体禁带的温度和密度特性,采用在等温近似的条件下,磁化等离子体的分段线形电流密度卷积时域有限差分算法研究了1维时变磁化等离子体光子晶体的禁带特性。以高斯脉冲为激励源,用算法公式得到的电磁波透射系数来讨论了等离子体上升时间、温度、等离子体层密度对其禁带特性的影响。结果表明,改变等离子体上升时间和等离子体层密度可以实现对禁带的控制。这一结果对设计磁化等离子体光子晶体器件有帮助。     

不均匀磁等离子体的隐身机理——圆极化电磁波的碰撞吸收

研究了圆极化电磁波在不均匀磁等离子体的传播和吸收。讨论了不均匀磁化等离子体片对平行于磁场方向传播的左、右旋圆极化电磁波的碰撞吸收，计算了不同条件下衰减率。计算表明，当电磁波的频率接近电子碰撞频率时，磁等离子体对电磁波的吸收达到最大值。当入射电磁波的频率很低时，不均匀磁化等离子体中磁撞对雷达波的吸收非常小。当入射电磁波频率较高时，等离子体的碰撞对入射电磁波的衰减很有效。     

FINITE-DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF UNMAGNETIZED PLASMA PHOTONIC CRYSTALS

The plasma photonic crystal is a periodic array composed of alternating thin unmagnetized (or magnetized) plasmas and dielectric materials (or vacuum). In this paper, the piecewise linear current density recursive convolution finite-difference time-domain method for the simulation of isotropic unmagnetized plasma is applied to model unmagnetized plasma photonic crystal structures. A perfectly matched layer absorbing material is used in these simulations. In time-domain, the electromagnetic propagation process of a Gaussian pulse through an unmagnetized plasma photonic crystal is investigated. In frequency-domain, the reflection and transmission coefficients through unmagnetized plasma photonic crystals are computed and their dependence on plasma frequency, plasma thickness, collision frequency is studied. The results show theoretically that the electromagnetic bandgaps of unmagnetized plasma photonic crystals are tuned by the plasma parameters.     

An E-J Collocated 3-D FDTD Model of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Magnetized Cold Plasma

A new three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical model is proposed herein to simulate electromagnetic wave propagation in an anisotropic magnetized cold plasma medium. Plasma effects contributed by electrons, positive, and negative ions are considered in this model. The current density vectors are collocated at the positions of the electric field vectors, and the complete FDTD algorithm consists of three regular updating equations for the magnetic field intensity components, as well as 12 tightly coupled differential equations for updating the electric field components and current densities. This model has the capability to simulate wave behavior in magnetized cold plasma for an applied magnetic field with arbitrary direction and magnitude. We validate the FDTD algorithm by calculating Faraday rotation of a linearly polarized plane wave. Additional numerical examples of electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma are also provided, all of which demonstrate very good agreement with plasma theory.      

FDTD calculation of scattering from frequency-dependent materials

An efficient method to include frequency-dependent materials in finite difference time domain calculations based on the recursive evaluation of the convolution of the electric field and the susceptibility function has previously been presented. The method has been applied to various materials, including those with the Debye, Drude, and Lorentz forms of complex permittivity, and to anisotropic magnetized plasmas. Previous demonstrations of this approach have been confined to total field calculations in one dimension. In this paper the recursive convolution method is extended to three-dimensional scattered field calculations. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by calculating scattering from spheres of various sizes composed of three different types of frequency-dependent materials     

3D FDTD Implementation for Scattering of Electric Anisotropic Dispersive Medium Using Recursive Convolution Method

The finite-difference time-domain method based on recursive convoltion method (RC-FDTD) for the electric anisotropic dispersive medium is discussed in detail. To exemplify the availability of the three-dimensional RC-FDTD algorithm, the backscattering Radar-Cross-Section(RCS) of a non-magnetized plasma sphere is computed, and the numerical results are the same as the one of the Shift Operater-FDTD method, and show that the RC-FDTD method is correct and efficient. In addition, the co-polarized and cross-polarized backscattering time-domain of a magnetized plasma sphere are obtained by the RC-FDTD algorithm. The results show that when the external magnetic field is implemented, the cross-polarized component appear, evidently.     

A frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain formulation fortransient propagation in plasma

Previous FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) formulations were not capable of analyzing plasmas for two reasons. First, FDTD requires that at each time step the permittivity and conductivity be specified as constants that do not depend on frequency, while even for the simplest plasmas these parameters vary with frequency. Second, the permittivity of a plasma can be negative, which can cause terms in FDTD expressions to become singular. A novel FDTD formulation for frequency-dependent materials (FD)²TD has been developed. It is shown that (FD) ²TD can be applied to compute transient propagation in plasma when the plasma can be characterized by a complex frequency-dependent permittivity. While the computational example presented is for a pulse normally incident on an isotropic plasma slab, the (FD)²TD formulation is fully three-dimensional. It can accommodate arbitrary transient excitation, with the limitation that the excitation pulse must have no zero frequency energy component. Time-varying electron densities and/or collision frequencies could also be included. The formulation presented is for an isotropic plasma, but extension to anisotropic plasma should be fairly straightforward     

The properties of antennas in plasmas

The last five years have witnessed remarkable progress in the theory and measurement of both the radiation and impedance properties of antennas in plasmas. Increased motivation for research in this area has been provided by the Space Shuttle program and by the prospect of nuclear fusion. The focus of attention has been on resonance cones in linear, anisotropic plasmas, including radiation patterns, wave interference, pulse propagation, reflections from boundaries and inhomogeneous media effects. Under nonlinear conditions, the focussed field of a resonance cone can significantly depress the plasma density. Under both linear and nonlinear conditions, the input impedance of dipole and loop antennas has been studied extensively, for both anisotropic and isotropic plasmas. A continuing challenge has been the as-yet-not-fully-explained experimental observation of linear, non-collisional enhanced resistivity of the sheath region around an antenna. Numerical impedance calculations employing simplified velocity distributions have shown particular promise. Ion and electron wave radiation patterns for various antenna shapes have been calculated and checked experimentally. The response of both single antennas and pairs of antennas to plasma fluctuations has been studied and found to have applications to plasma diagnostics.     

均匀非磁化等离子体与雷达波的相互作用

采用平板几何金属衬底模型对雷达波在均匀等离子体中传播所发生的吸收、反射和衰减进行了数值分析研究,结果表明:等离子体对电磁波的吸收衰减取决于等离子体密度和碰撞频率的共同作用;通过适当选择等离子体密度和等离子体碰撞频率,可以使均匀等离子体对某一雷达波段的吸收达到90%以上,隐身效果显著。     

Impact of an External Magnetic Field on Solitary Waves in Quantum Electron–Hole Plasmas of Semiconductors

Semiconductors - The propagation of solitary acoustic pulses in magnetized quantum electron–hole plasmas of semiconductors has been studied. The effects of an external magnetic field and...     

Evaluation of the radar cross section of circular microstrippatches on anisotropic and chiral substrates

Galerkin's method in the Hankel transform domain (HTD) is applied to the determination of the radar cross section (RCS) of a circular microstrip patch printed on a substrate which may be an uniaxial anisotropic dielectric, a magnetized ferrite, or a chiral material. The results obtained for circular patches on magnetized ferrites show that the RCS of these patches can be substantially reduced in a tunable frequency band when a bias magnetic field is applied. It is also shown that the results obtained for the RCS of circular patches printed on chiral materials can be substantially different from those obtained when substrate chirality is ignored     

Time domain analysis of transient propagation in inhomogeneous magnetized plasma using Z-transforms

The electromagnetic propagation through an inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab is studied using the Z-transform formulation of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain（FDTD） method. The direction of electromagnetic propagation is parallel to the biasing magnetic filed. To validate the Z-transform algorithm, the reflection and transmission coefficients for the right-hand circularly polarized wave of the homogeneous magnetized plasma slab are computed by means of discrete Fourier transform. The comparison between the reflection and transmission coefficients of the homogeneous plasma slab and analytical values indicates that Z-transform algorithm is very accurate. When the plasma frequency varies according to the square root and parabolic relations, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the inhomogeneous magnetized plasma slab are computed.