KCl+K_2B_4O_7+H_2O三元体系348K稳定相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法对川西平落坝地下卤水三元子体系KCl+K2B4O7+H2O进行研究,测定该体系平衡液相的溶解度及物化性质(密度、折光率)。结果表明:该三元体系属简单共饱型,无复盐或固溶体形成;平衡相图中单变度曲线AE和BE对应的平衡固相分别为K2B4O7.4H2O和KCl。对比该体系298 K和348 K稳定相图:氯化钾、硼酸钾结晶形式相同;在348 K下氯化钾的结晶区明显增大而硼酸钾的结晶区明显减小;随温度的升高,氯化钾对硼酸钾的盐析作用增强。     

三元体系NaCl-Na_2B_4O_7-H_2O 363.15K下介稳相平衡研究

采用等温蒸发法研究了三元体系Na Cl-Na2B4O7-H2O 363.15 K下的介稳相平衡,测定了平衡时各组分的溶解度及平衡液相的密度、p H等物化性质。该三元体系在363.15 K下的介稳相图含有1个共饱点E,2条单变量曲线AE,EB,2个结晶区。2个结晶区分别对应单盐Na Cl和单盐Na2B4O7·5H2O。共饱点E对应的平衡固相为Na Cl+Na2B4O7·5H2O,平衡液相组成为w(Na Cl)24.84%,w(Na2B4O7)7.18%,w(H2O)67.98%。研究结果表明,该三元体系为简单三元体系,无复盐和固溶体生成。     

Li+(K+)/CO32-,B4O72--H2O三元体系288K相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了二个三元体系Li+ (K+ ) /CO32 - ,B4 O72 - -H2 O 2 88K时的相平衡及平衡液相的主要物化性质 (密度、电导率、pH)。研究发现 :这二个三元体系均为简单共饱和型 ,无复盐及固溶体形成 ;根据溶解度数据绘制了相图 ,相图中单变量曲线所对应的平衡固相分别为 :Li2 CO3,Li2 B4 O7·3H2 O ;K2 CO3·3 /2H2 O ,K2 B4 O7·4H2 O ;K2 CO3对K2 B4 O7有强烈的盐析作用 ,简单讨论了物化性质的变化规律     

K_2B_4O_7-Na_2B_4O_7-Li_2B_4O_7-H_2O四元体系288K相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了K2 B4O7 Na2 B4O7 Li2 B4O7 H2 O四元体系在 2 88K时的相平衡及平衡液相的主要物化性质(密度、电导率、pH值 )。研究发现 :该四元体系为简单共饱和型 ,无复盐及固溶体形成 ,根据溶解度数据绘制了相图 ,相图中有一个共饱点E ,三条单变度曲线E3 E ,E2 E ,E1 E ;三个结晶区平衡固相分别为K2 B4O7·4H2 O ,Na2 B4O7·10H2 O和Li2 B4O7·3H2 O。实验结果表明K2 B4O7对Na2 B4O7有增溶作用 ,并简要讨论了物化性质的变化规律     

三元体系Li_2SO_4-MgSO_4-H_2O在273.15K时介稳相平衡

采用等温蒸发法,测定了三元体系Li2SO4-MgSO4-H2O在273.15 K时介稳平衡的溶解度和液相的物化性质(密度和折光率)。根据实验数据绘制了相应的介稳相图和物化性质-组成图。研究结果表明:该三元体系有1个共饱点(Li2SO4·H2O+MgSO4·7H2O),2条单变量溶解度曲线,2个单盐结晶区:Li2SO4·H2O,MgSO4·7H2O,其中MgSO4·7H2O的结晶区域较大。该体系属简单共饱型,无复盐及固溶体产生。介稳平衡溶液的物化性质密度、折光率随溶液中MgSO4含量的变化而有规律变化,并且在共饱点处有最大值。采用经验公式预测了该体系介稳平衡溶液的密度和折光率,预测值与实验值吻合较好。     

三元体系NaCl+NH_4Cl+H_2O 323.15K介稳相关系研究

采用等温蒸发法研究了三元体系NaCl+NH4Cl+H2O 323.15 K时的介稳相关系,测定了该三元体系323.15 K时的介稳平衡数据及平衡液相的密度、折光率等物化性质,绘制了相应的介稳相图及物化性质组成图。结果表明,323.15 K时,该三元体系为简单共饱和型,无复盐和固溶体生成,其介稳相图由1个三元共饱点(E)、2条单变量线和2个结晶相区组成,其中NH4Cl的相区较大,NaCl的相区较小。平衡液相的物化性质随液相组成的变化呈现规律性变化。     

三元体系MgCl_2+NH_4Cl+H_2O 298.15K稳定相平衡

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了三元体系MgCl2+NH4Cl+H2O 298.15 K的稳定相平衡,测定了平衡时各组分的溶解度及平衡液相的密度、折光率等物化性质。该三元体系在298.15 K时的稳定相图含有2个共饱点E1,E2,3条单变量曲线AE1,E1E2,E2B,3个结晶区。3个结晶区分别对应MgCl2.6H2O,NH4Cl及复盐铵光卤石(NH4Cl.MgCl2.6H2O)。2个共饱点中,E1为不相称共饱点,对应的平衡固相为NH4Cl.MgCl2.6H2O+NH4Cl,平衡液相组成为w(NH4Cl)=7.79%,w(MgCl2)=21.90%;E2为相称共饱点,对应的平衡固相为NH4Cl.MgCl2.6H2O+MgCl2.6H2O,平衡液相组成为w(NH4Cl)=0.21%,w(MgCl2)=32.27%。研究结果表明:该三元体系为复杂三元体系,有不相称复盐NH4Cl.MgCl2.6H2O生成。MgCl2对NH4Cl有强烈的盐析作用。平衡液相的密度和折光率随着溶液中MgCl2质量分数的增加而增大。采用经验公式对密度和折光率进行计算,计算值与实验值吻合度较好,相对偏差小于0.012。     

三元体系Li_2SO_4-LiBO_2-H_2O在288.15K时介稳相平衡

采用等温蒸发法,测定了三元体系Li2SO4-LiBO2-H2O在288.15 K时的溶解度和液相的物化性质(密度、折光率、p H值)。结果表明:该体系有2条单变量曲线;1个共饱点(Li2SO4·H2O+LiBO2·8H2O),对应的液相组成(质量分数)为:Li2SO424.47%,LiBO21.20%;2个单盐结晶区,分别是:Li2SO4·H2O和Li BO2·8H2O。其中,LiBO2·8H2O的结晶区较大,原因是Li2SO4对Li BO2有强烈的盐析作用。与该体系的稳定相图相比,盐的结晶形式没有变化,但是15℃介稳相图中Li2SO4·H2O结晶区面积增大,而LiBO2·8H2O结晶区面积减小。该三元体系为水合物Ⅰ型,没有固溶体及复盐生成。平衡液相的物化性质随溶液中硫酸锂质量分数的增大而呈现规律性的变化,密度和折光率在共饱点处有最大值。用经验公式对密度和折光率进行了关联,计算值和实验值吻合较好。     

三元体系Li+、K+//SO42- -H2O 273 K介稳相平衡研究

为了开发利用盐湖卤水中的锂、钾资源,采用等温蒸发法研究了三元体系Li 、K //SO42- -H2O 273 K时的介稳相平衡,测定了该体系的溶解度和液相密度,根据溶解度数据绘制了相图.该体系的介稳相图由3条单变量曲线、3个结晶相区和2个共饱点组成.3个结晶区分别对应于 K2SO4、Li2SO4·H2O和KLiSO4的结晶区;共饱点液相组成分别为 w(Li2SO4)26.21 %、w(K2SO4)1.82 %和w(Li2SO4)12.91 %、w(K2SO4)7.94 %.同时用经验公式计算了平衡液相的密度,计算结果与实验数据偏差很小.     

Na+,K+∥Br-,B4O2-7-H2O交互四元体系348K相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了348 K时交互四元体系Na+,K+//Br-,B4O2-7-H2O的相平衡及平衡液相,测定了平衡液相的溶解度以及密度,补充了该体系在348 K下的溶解度和密度数据.研究结果发现,该体系属于简单共饱和体系,无复盐和固溶体生成.根据实验数据绘制了相应的相图、密度-质量分数图和含水量图,相图中有2个共饱点,5条单变量曲线,4个结晶区.4个结晶区的平衡固相分别为:Na2B4O7·5H2O,K2B4O7·4H2O,KBr和NaBr.从相图上可以看出,该体系在348 K时Na2B4O7·5H2O的结晶区最大,NaBr的结晶区最小.     

K+/Cl-,Br- -H2O三元体系298 K,313 K,333 K时的相平衡

用等温溶解平衡法测定了三元体系 K /Cl-,Br--H2O 298 K、313 K、333 K时的相平衡数据,同时还测定了饱和溶液的密度、折光率等物化性质,依据湿渣法与X射线衍射相结合的方法对平衡固相组成进行了鉴定.该三元体系 298 K、313 K、333 K的溶解度等温图有 1 个固相区:K(Cl,Br),有 1 条单变量曲线,该体系属于固体溶液型.用Pitzer模型计算测得的三元体系 298 K、313 K、333 K溶解度,并用经验公式对平衡液相的密度、折光率进行了计算,计算值与实验值基本吻合.     

Thermal behavior of mullite between 4 K and 1320 K

The evolution of metric parameters of 2:1 and 3:2 mullites have been measured between 4 K and 1320 K using neutron and X‐ray powder diffraction. Negative thermal expansion was observed at low temperature for the a‐cell parameter and consequently for the cell‐volume, which is more pronounced for 2:1 mullite than those for 3:2 mullite. Each parameter is simulated using Grüneisen first‐order approximation for the zero pressure equation of state at 0 K, where the vibrational energy was calculated using microscopic approach. While the b‐ and c‐cell parameters require only one Debye term, a second Debye spectrum with negative Grüneisen parameter was required to fit the a‐cell parameter as well as the cell volume. At 4 K, 300 K and 1320 K the model, respectively, calculates the volume thermal expansion coefficients of 0.09x10^?6 K^?1, 9x10^?6 K^?1, and 17.3x10^?6 K^?1 for 2:1 mullite, and 0.09x10^?6 K^?1, 8.7x10^?6 K^?1, and 17.3x10^?6 K^?1 for 3:2 mullite. Temperature‐dependent Raman spectra and phonon density of states hint for the possible microscopic sources of the cell contraction at low temperature. A simple polynomial approach is presented to calculate the elastic stiffness coefficients of the 3:2 mullite, which are not available from experiments.     

汽车双组分清漆与单组分清漆应用对比研究

随着汽车市场竞争的日益激烈,高性能涂料越来越受到业内关注,其中双组分清漆以其卓越的装饰性、耐候性、耐酸雨性、耐擦伤性等性能斩获涂料供应商及客户的观注。本研究介绍双组分清漆的应用趋势,并以此为基础,将其涂膜外观数据、目视效果、耐擦伤性及耐老化性与单组分清漆进行了对比研究。     

Phase transition in K2SO4 AT 56 K

Specific heat and dielectric constant of K₂SO₄ were measured below room temperature down to liquid helium temperature. A phase transition was detected at 56 K, which is accompanied with a slight λ-type anomaly in specific heat and a break on dielectric constant vs. temperature curve. Evidence for the incommensurate or super structure was not confirmed by neutron diffraction.     

K展预览

全球规模最大的塑料橡胶工业展览会-K展．将于今年10月20∽27日在德国杜塞尔多夫举行,这届盛会是第16届。今年的展馆总面积比2001年的K塑展扩大了约6％．超过16万m^2。机器制造商和辅助仪器设备生产供应商将把今年增扩的面积全部包租下来,他们的展位面积占总面积的2／3。以下重点介绍K2004展会上的新亮点：     

Chance-corrected measures of reliability and validity in K x K tables

When studying the degree of overall agreement between the nominal responses of two raters, it is customary to use the coefficient kappa. A more detailed analysis requires the evaluation of the degree of agreement category by category, and this is carried out in two different ways: using the value of kappa in the collapsed table for each category or using the agreement index for each category (proportion of agreements observed). Both indices have disadvantages: the former is sensitive to marginal totals; the latter is not chance corrected; and neither distinguishes the case where one of the two raters is a gold standard (an expert) from the case where neither rater is a gold standard. This article suggests five chance-corrected indices which are not sensitive to marginal totals and which differ depending on whether there is a standard rater. The article also justifies the reason for poor performance of kappa when the two marginal totals are unbalanced (especially if they are so in opposite directions) and the reason for its good performance when analysing the various 2 x 2 tables obtained by the collapse of a wider table.     

Thermal expansion of irradiated polyvinyl chloride from 10 K to 340 K

Summary The coefficient of thermal expansion is measured for irradiated Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) from 10K to 340K. The samples of PVC are irradiated, up to 500 Mrad in steps of 100 Mrad, in air at room temperature by using Co gamma rays with a dose rate of 0.3 Mrad/h. The PVC is an amorphous sample which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The coefficient of thermal expansion is found to decrease with radiation dose from 10K to 110K and it increaseswith radiation dose from 110K to 340K. The results are explained on the basis of radiation induced degradation of the sample.     

原厂汽车漆单/双组分清漆耐擦伤性对比研究

通过对原厂汽车漆(OEM)耐擦伤性试验数据的分析,对比了单/双组分清漆及不同厂家双组分清漆之间短期耐擦伤性及擦伤恢复能力的性能差异,提出了汽车主机厂对耐擦伤性的实际需要。