聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以丁二酸和1,4-丁二醇为原料,采用熔融缩聚法合成了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)预聚物,再与L-丙交酯(L-LA)开环共聚,合成聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯嵌段共聚物(PLLA-co-PBS)。研究了共聚物的结构、热性能、结晶性能和亲水性。结果表明,PBS与L-LA开环共聚生成了PLLA-co-PBS嵌段共聚物;PLLA-co-PBS嵌段共聚物经两个阶段的热分解,且PBS链段的引入提高了聚合物的热稳定性;随着PBS引入量的增加,聚合物的结晶性能,亲水性能都有一定的提高。     

己二醇改性PBS共聚酯的酶催化降解及溶剂效应

采用己二醇对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)改性,合成了不同比例、分子质量均在6×105左右的聚丁二酸丁二醇/己二醇酯(PBSH),并以其为底物分别在2种不同的有机溶剂氯仿(CHCl3)和四氢呋喃(THF)中,研究了洋葱假单胞菌(PC)脂肪酶对其催化降解规律和溶剂效应。以GPC测试了共聚物降解前后的分子质量变化;以TG分析了酶降解共聚物前后热性能的变化;以MALDI-TOF-MS对降解产物进行了分析。研究结果表明:PBSH在2种溶剂中都能快速降解;降解60 h后2种共聚物的相对分子质量均减小,分子质量分布均变宽;但在氯仿中酶催化活性更高,PBSH降解速率更快;降解前后热失重5%时热分解温度均降低;MALDI-TOF-MS结果表明:在2种溶剂中降解产物中含SH(丁二酸己二醇酯)片段较多,且氯仿中降解产物种类更多,并易于成环。     

(丁二酸丁二酯/丁二酸己二酯)共聚物的合成及性能

以丁二酸、丁二醇、己二醇为原料,在十氢萘中进行直接缩聚反应,合成了高分子量(丁二酸丁二酯／丁二酸己二酯)共聚物,产率达到95％以上。FT—IR和^1H—NMR图谱表明,共聚物的结构为预期结构;GPC测试结果表明,共聚物均具有较高的分子量;与聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)相比,共聚物的拉伸强度显著降低,但断裂伸长率有所提高：DSC测试结果表明,共聚物的结晶度明显低于PBS,其熔点、结晶温度随体系中丁二酸己二酯单元的增加而降低：TG测试结果表明,共聚物均具有较好的热稳定性。     

1,2-丙二醇对可生物降解聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的共聚改性

以丁二酸、丁二醇和1,2-丙二醇为原料,采用溶液结合熔融缩聚合成法,得到了一系列聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯-co-丁二酸1,2-丙二醇酯)共聚物P(BS-co-PS)。利用1HNMR、GPC和X射线衍射等方法对共聚物的组成、分子量及其分子量分布、热学性能、结晶性能、力学性能等进行了研究。结果表明:反应4h,即可得到数均分子量60000以上的聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯-co-丁二酸1,2-丙二醇酯)共聚物P(BS-co-PS),分子量分布均小于2.0;随着1,2-丙二醇添加量的增加,共聚物的结晶度降低,熔点下降,但断裂伸长率明显增加,当添加量为30%(摩尔分数)时,断裂伸长率达到417%,表明共聚物具有良好的延展性能;所有共聚物的热分解温度均在300℃以上,具有良好的热稳定性。     

硅醇和芳香酯共聚改性PBS材料的制备与性能研究

以丁二酸和丁二醇为原料进行熔融缩聚制得低聚物,再用低聚物与对苯二甲酸二甲酯和硅醇进行熔融缩聚制得共聚改性聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)材料。通过核磁共振谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜和万能材料试验机分别表征了该共聚物的化学结构、结晶和熔融行为、热性能、断面形貌和力学性能。结果表明,以PBS为主体、硅醇为扩链剂和增韧段、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)为增强段,共聚后获得了较高相对分子质量的线形共聚物和少量交联结构聚合物;共聚物的球晶完善程度下降,结晶度降低,但结晶速度提高;同时,该共聚物的热稳定性也在一定程度上有所提高;由于硅段的高柔顺性和PBT段的刚性,该共聚物具有优良的综合力学性能,拉伸强度提高了1.4~2.1倍,冲击强度提高了4~7倍,断裂伸长率提高了2~4倍。     

生物可降解共聚物PBST和PBS的结构与结晶性能

利用核磁共振氢谱和广角X射线衍射法研究了生物可降解共聚物聚对苯二甲酸-共-丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBST)的结构及结晶性能,并与聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)进行比较。结果表明:PBST为无规共聚物,其晶体结构为三斜晶系,PBS为均聚物,为单斜晶系,PBST的结晶度和结晶尺寸均比PBS的小。     

脂肪族聚酯的合成及降解性能研究

通过熔融和溶液结合法合成了脂肪族聚酯—聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、丁二酸丁二醇酯-己二酸丁二醇酯共聚物(P(BS-co-BA))和丁二酸丁二醇酯-癸二酸丁二醇酯共聚物(P(BS-co-BSe)),并对其进行了生物降解实验。采用GPC测定了脂肪族聚酯的分子量及其分布,并采用熔点仪测定了聚酯的熔点。得到脂肪族聚酯分子量、熔点以及分子结构对称性和降解之间的关系。     

脂肪族聚酯的合成工艺及性能比较研究

对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚丁二酸乙二醇酯、聚丁二酸己二醇酯/己二酸己二醇酯共聚物、聚乳酸以及聚己内酯等脂肪族聚酯的合成工艺及性能进行比较,通过比较探讨合成工艺和材料性能之间的关系,得出力学性能和分子量,性能和结晶度以及降解性之间的关系,为脂肪族聚酯的合成改性及降解研究提供思路。     

支化改性对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯性能影响

采用直接熔融缩聚法,用丁二酸和丁二醇分别与1,2-丙二醇、1,2-戊二醇、1,2-己二醇共聚改性合成得到一系列产物聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯-co-丁二酸1,2-丙二醇酯)(PBSP)、聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯-co-丁二酸1,2-戊二醇酯)(PBST)和聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯-co-丁二酸1,2-己二醇酯)(PBSH).利用乌氏黏度计、1H NMR、DSC等对其摩尔质量、化学结构、热学性能和力学性能进行表征.结果表明,随着共聚酯分子主链上支链长度的增加,数均摩尔质量(Mn)几乎无变化,对应的熔点(Tm)、结晶温度(Te)、结晶度(Xc)、弯曲强度和拉伸强度逐渐降低,断裂伸长率明显增加.冲击强度变化:PBSP-10＜ PBST-10＜ PBSH-10＜PBS,总体上PBSH-10表现出良好的综合力学性能.     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的共聚改性

分别以乙二醇、己二醇、己二酸作为聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的共聚组分，合成了丁二酸丁二醇酯丁二酸乙二醇酯共聚物、丁二酸丁二醇酯丁二酸己二醇酯共聚物、丁二酸丁二醇酯己二酸丁二醇酯共聚物。用FT-IR和^1H-NMR对其进行了结构表征；GPC测试表明改性产物均具有较高的相对分子质量；DSC测试表明其熔点和结晶度较均聚物低，其拉伸强度有所降低，但断裂伸长率显著提高。     

Victrex® poly(ethersulfone) (PES) and Victrex® poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK)

Properties of two high performance engineering thermoplastics, amorphous polyethersulfone (PES) and semicrystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK), are discussed. Both resins can be processed by conventional techniques, compounded with high performance fibers, and have high service temperature (up to 300°C). Due to the amorphous character PES can be dissolved and spray coated into metals.     

Photopyroelectric Spectroscopic Studies of ZnO-MnO(2)-Co(3)O(4)-V(2)O(5) Ceramics

Photopyroelectric (PPE) spectroscopy is a nondestructive tool that is used to study the optical properties of the ceramics (ZnO + 0.4MnO(2) + 0.4Co(3)O(4) + xV(2)O(5)), x = 0-1 mol%. Wavelength of incident light, modulated at 10 Hz, was in the range of 300-800 nm. PPE spectrum with reference to the doping level and sintering temperature is discussed. Optical energy band-gap (E(g)) was 2.11 eV for 0.3 mol% V(2)O(5) at a sintering temperature of 1025 °C as determined from the plot (ρhυ)(2)versushυ. With a further increase in V(2)O(5), the value of E(g) was found to be 2.59 eV. Steepness factor 'σ(A)' and 'σ(B)', which characterize the slope of exponential optical absorption, is discussed with reference to the variation of E(g). XRD, SEM and EDAX are also used for characterization of the ceramic. For this ceramic, the maximum relative density and grain size was observed to be 91.8% and 9.5 μm, respectively.     

(Ba_(1-α)Sr_α)_(4.8)(Sm_(0.7)La_(0.3))_(8.8)Ti_(18)O_(54)陶瓷的微波介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54(α=0.1～0.5)系陶瓷,表征了该陶瓷的相组成和显微结构,测试了微波介电性能.结果表明:α=0.3时,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷为单相的新钨青铜结构固溶体.α>0.3时,相继出现了第二相BaLa2Ti4O12和La0.66TiO2.993.随α的增加,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷的相对介电常数(εr)先增大后有所波动,品质因数(Qf)先增大后减小,谐振频率温度系数(τf)单调减小.α=0.3时,在1 350℃烧结的陶瓷的微波介电性能最佳:εr=98.77,Qf=5184GHz,τf=10.9×10-6/℃,优于不掺杂的BaO-Sm2O3-TiO2陶瓷的.     

Calcium silicate hydrate (II) (“C-S-H(II)”)

This semicrystalline phase, originally named ‘calcium silicate hydrate(II)’ by Taylor (1950), has been studied with X-rays, electron optics, chemical investigation of silicate anion type, infrared spectra, and thermal methods. It is structurally related to jennite (C₉S₆H₁₁) and probably also to the fibrous CSH of cement pastes, the three phases forming a sequence of decreasing crystallinity. The specimen studied had approximate composition C₂SH_3.2 after standing over saturated CaCλ₂ at about 15°C. CSH(II) contains metasilicate chains and pyrosilicate groups and has a disordered layer structure. Much of the water can be lost reversibly without significant change in lattice parameters.     

Poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid)

Summary In the present work we describe, the synthesis and characterization of a new gel obtained by crosslinking a cooligomer of butadiene-acrylic acid (BuAA), by reaction with acrylonitrile and acrylic acid. The purified product was characterized by FTIR, elemental analyses and scanning electronic microscopy. The thermal properties were studied and swelling indexes were determined in different solvents and at different pH values. The capacity of poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid) [gel A] to separate different organic substances, such as amino acids and colorants, was determined.     

Thermal studies of blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPSS) and with poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPSE)

The miscibilities of poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPS/PPSS) and poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPS/PPSE) blends were invesigated in terms of shifts of glass transition temperatures T_g of pure PPS, PPSS, a dn PPSE. The crystallization kinetics of PPS/PPSS blends was also studied as a function of molar composition. The PPS/PPSS and PPS/PPSE blends are respectively partially and fully miscible. PPSE shows a plasticizing effect on PPS as does PPS on PPSS, which necessarily improves te processibility in the respective systems. We can control T_g and melting temperature T_m of PPS by varying amounts of PPSE in blends. The melt crystallization temperature T_mc of PPS/PPSE blends was higher than that of the PPSE homopolymer. Therefore, these blends require shorter cycle times in processing than pure PPSE. The overall rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends follows the Avrami equation with an exponent ?2. The maximal rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends occurs at a temperatre higher by 10°C than that for PPS, while the crystallization half time t_1/2 is 4 times shorter. In the cold crystallization range, crystal growth rates increase and Avrami exponents decrease significantly as the temperature increases.     

Photooxidative stability of substituted poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA)

The addition of side groups to improve the photooxidative stability of polymers used in polymer-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is explored. Infrared spectroscopy and computational chemistry techniques are used to study the effects of chemical substitution of the reactive vinylene moiety in poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV). The bond order of the vinylene group in small oligomers is calculated using semiempirical techniques to assess the improvement in stability toward oxidants such as singlet oxygen. We find that PPV dimers allow relative comparisons across a range of possible substitutions. Experimental results correlate well with these calculations. The addition of electron-withdrawing substituents, such as nitrile groups, to the vinylene moiety is found to be particularly effective in reducing the reactivity of alkoxy-substituted PPV toward singlet oxygen. The photooxidative stability of a poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA) derivative is also studied. It appears that this family of polymers is more stable toward photooxidation than are its PPV analogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2451–2458, 1998     

Chemical cross-linking of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)

Hybrid films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared with different molecular weights of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The cross-linking reaction between PEO and PEDOT:PSS was performed at high temperature and confirmed by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), contact angle measurement, and solid-state ¹H NMR. The effect of chemical reaction on the conductivity and morphology of these hybrid films was studied by using 4-point probe and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. As-spun PEO/PEDOT:PSS films have lower electric conductivity due to the addition of nonconductive PEO, and exhibits no molecular weight dependence on conductivity. After chemical cross-linking reaction at high temperature, only PEDOT:PSS films with lowest molecular weight PEO additives show enhanced conductivity with increasing reaction time. AFM result indicates that the heat-treated PEO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films show grain-like morphology compared to ethylene glycol treated PEDOT:PSS films which shows continuous PEDOT domain. In the present work we demonstrate that the cross-linking reaction can be used to improve the wet stability of PEDOT:PSS nanofiber, showing good water resistance and excellent dimensional stability.