彩色胶片冲洗加工中的漂白技术

在彩色胶片的冲洗加工中，人们对彩色显影过程的重视不言而喻，相对而言却忽略了漂白、漂定过程的重要性，这是很不应该的。在彩色胶片的加工中，漂白过程的作用是将在彩色显影时生成的金属银氧化，使银原子转化为银离子，并借助介质中的卤化物与银离子反应生成卤化银，生成的卤化银在定影阶段被溶解掉，只留下染料影像。同时，彩显时彩显剂的氧化产物——附二亚胺（QDI）十与电离后的成色剂负离子偶合生成染料。但在彩显阶段部分青染料还只是无色的隐性染料。这种隐性染料必须在漂白剂的氧化作用下才能形成有色染料，也就是说青隐性染料…     

工业射线胶片手动冲洗加工应用

工业射线胶片作为无损检测射线照相检测记录材料,其检测信息的直观、档案保存特性不断被专业技术人员重新认识、并重新获得重视。但是,手动冲洗加工过程的暗室操作、药液及操作条件等因素都可能对底片影像质量造成重要影响。本文结合工业射线胶片的手动冲洗加工操作,推荐了部分改进措施以期获得更佳的底片质量。     

环保型印刷和医疗用胶片冲洗加工套药

1　情况介绍印刷制版用和医疗诊断用胶片冲洗加工套药 ,使用单位多 ,用量大。发展到目前 ,估计全国共拥有医疗摄影诊断机 (ＣＴ机 )及配套冲洗机约两万到三万台 ;医用Ｘ光机和配套冲洗机、冲洗槽、冲洗盘约十多万台 (这里还未计算工业Ｘ光机及冲洗机、冲洗槽、冲洗盘 )。全国有印刷厂数千家 ,这些冲洗机每年都使用大量的冲洗套药 ,若按每台冲洗机一年使用十套冲洗套药 ,也就是说每台冲洗机一个月用一套冲洗套药 ,全国每年用于购买冲洗套药的费用估计为七亿元。而且随着人们医疗卫生和物质文化生活的不断改善和提高 ,医疗诊断业务和印刷业务…     

系列显影配方及其在遥感胶片冲洗加工中的应用

本文提出了系列显影配方的概念,讨论了其特点、原理及在遥感胶片冲洗加工中的应用。     

银盐印刷胶片的抗静电方法

银盐印刷胶片对抗静电剂的要求是不能影响卤化银的照相性能,不能破坏胶片的防粘连、防染料转移的特性,并且自身无色透明。抗静电剂可以分为导电型(离子导电型、电子导电型)物质和抑制静电荷产生的物质两大类。离子导电依赖环境湿度,有诸多缺陷:吸收潮气、寒冷干燥条件下失效等;电子导电不受外界影响,但在掺杂使用时,用量与胶之比要求最小临界量。但电子导电型抗静电剂自身固有颜色,或黑或蓝,都是印刷胶片所不能允许的。抑制明胶产生电荷的物质主要是含氟聚合物,能够调整明胶层的起电电序,在摩擦过程中,抑制胶片产生静电。含氟表面活性剂由于相对与乳剂容易混溶,从而成为优选的印刷胶片抗静电剂。     

感光胶片与CCD的静态分辨力比较

本文介绍了感光胶片与CCD静态分辨力的一种简单比较方法。     

含氟类表面活性剂研制和在工业射线胶片中的应用

本文阐述了对几种经过筛选的含氟表面活性剂合成工艺流程的研究及其在工业射线胶片的生产中的应用试验。试验结果证明,这些含氟表面活性剂具有显著的表面活性,并且对工业射线胶片的照相性能无不良影响。因此在感光材料的生产上,应有良好的前景。     

从国外感光胶片片基现状谈片基生产中的技术改进途径

本文介绍了当前国外在提高感光胶片片基的生产效率和改进质量方面做的大量工作。文中根据目前国外感光胶片片基的发展现状及我国现时胶片片基普遍存在的质量通病和生产技术水平低,着重在发展片基品种和生产规格、改进成膜材料质量、提高片基生产效率和改进片基质量等方面提出了一些看法。     

照相明胶在卤化银感光乳剂中的作用

综述了照相明胶在卤化银感光乳剂中的作用研究,主要从明胶的结构和组成、明胶大分子主要成分含硫氨基酸及其氧化产物的作用、所含主要微量金属离子、明胶与Ag 、X-的相互作用以及明胶的稳定与保护作用等方面作了总结.     

照相稳定剂583对扁平卤化银乳剂微晶的增感作用

应用双注仪制备了单分散六边形扁平溴碘化银乳剂微晶，研究了照相稳定剂５８３对乳剂照相性能和电性质的影响。结果表明：５８３对Ｓ＋Ａｕ增感的扁平溴碘化银乳剂微晶有明显的增感作用，而对未经化学增感的乳剂没有增感作用。从５８３对离子过程、电子的复合和捕获过程的影响进一步研究了其增感机理。     

铱盐对卤化银照相乳剂性能的影响

研究了在乳化开始及乳化过程中添加铱盐（ＮＨ４）２ＩｒＣｌ６对乳剂照相性能的影响，并用设计出的可行方法测定了乳化开始时加入的铱在卤化银晶体中的分布。进一步说明了铱在卤化银晶体中的电子陷阱作用。     

反应氯气气氛下卤化银光纤原料的超提纯

采用反应氯气气氛下水平区域熔融生长单晶的方法对卤化银原料进行超提纯,反应氯气气氛是由裂解低沸点碳氯化合物得到;化合物的通式为ＣＨ_ｎＣｌ_４－ｎ(ｎ＝０,１,２)．提纯的温度为４５０~５００℃,温区移动速度为０．２~０．８ｍｍ/ｍｉｎ;载流气体Ａｒ的流量为８０~１６０ｍＬ/ｍｉｎ．提纯后的卤化银原料红外吸收光谱显示,在４０００~８００ｃｍ^－１(２．５~１２．５μｍ)区域内的吸收随波长的增加而降低,中红外４０００~６００ｃｍ^－１(２．５~１６μｍ)区域是卤化银材料最佳的传输波段．用此原料制成的光纤可传输３．３~１６μｍ中红外光谱;传输１０．６μｍＣＯ_２激光的损耗为０．３~０．５ｄＢ/ｍ．     

从胶片生产的含银废料中回收白银的新工艺

我国感光材料工业是白银消耗的大户,其耗用量约占全国白银总量的40％,而其生产过程产生的废料却含有生产投入银量的约10％,若不进行回收,不仅浪费资源,而且严重污染环境。天津感光材料公司开发用于生产的回收工艺可使银回收率达到98.5％,得到纯度99.5％的金属银。     

Influence of Surfactants in Aqueous-Based Polymeric Dispersions on the Thermomechanical and Adhesive Properties of Acrylic Films

Good adhesion between a polymeric film and the surface of a solid substrate is critical to the performance of coated pharmaceutical products. Previous research has shown that tablet wettability by an organic-based cellulosic solution could predict the extent of film-tablet adhesion. Using an aqueous-based acrylic polymeric dispersion, the current study investigated the relationship between film adhesion and tablet wettability. Up to 10% (w/w based on dry polymer weight) polysorbate 80 or sorbitan monooleate was incorporated into the film-coating formulations. While the contact angle between the polymeric dispersion and the tablet surface was dependent on the type and concentration of surfactants added to the coating formulation, no correlation between tablet wettability and polymer adhesion could be established. The addition of surfactants to formulations containing the hydrophobic plasticizer tributyl citrate (TBC) caused lowering of the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Increased force of adhesion, elongation at adhesive failure, and adhesive toughness, however, were noted only in the TBC-plasticized films containing polysorbate 80. These findings demonstrate that our understanding of the mechanisms involved in film-tablet adhesion is still quite limited.     

Influence of surfactants in aqueous-based polymeric dispersions on the thermomechanical and adhesive properties of acrylic films

Good adhesion between a polymeric film and the surface of a solid substrate is critical to the performance of coated pharmaceutical products. Previous research has shown that tablet wettability by an organic-based cellulosic solution could predict the extent of film-tablet adhesion. Using an aqueous-based acrylic polymeric dispersion, the current study investigated the relationship between film adhesion and tablet wettability. Up to 10% (w/w based on dry polymer weight) polysorbate 80 or sorbitan monooleate was incorporated into the film-coating formulations. While the contact angle between the polymeric dispersion and the tablet surface was dependent on the type and concentration of surfactants added to the coating formulation, no correlation between tablet wettability and polymer adhesion could be established. The addition of surfactants to formulations containing the hydrophobic plasticizer tributyl citrate (TBC) caused lowering of the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Increased force of adhesion, elongation at adhesive failure, and adhesive toughness, however, were noted only in the TBC-plasticized films containing polysorbate 80. These findings demonstrate that our understanding of the mechanisms involved in film-tablet adhesion is still quite limited.     

The Absorption Cross Section for Light of the Silver Grains in Photographic Deposits

Estimations of projection area of silver grains in photographic deposits were made on photomicrographs as well as counts of grains per unit area. Density of the deposit was calculated from these data employing known formulae. These were found smaller by a factor of 2-3 when compared with densities measured in diffuse light. The absorption cross section of grains for light considerably greater than their projective area is concluded. The results are in agreement with those obtained by other authors, which were, however, interpreted in a different way.     

水溶性薄膜收卷过程中的张力控制

基于水溶性薄膜的一系列特性及生产要求,对其进行张力分析,并介绍了相应的张力控制特点,以实现生产过程中张力稳定控制.     

物证检验摄影中灵活运用感光材料特性

本文介绍了部分常见感光材料特性,阐述在刑事物证检验摄影中如何运用感光材料特性,使一些痕迹的拍摄取得满意效果,并介绍了两个案例应用情况。