基于cubature Kalman filter的INS/GPS组合导航滤波算法

INS/GPS组合导航系统的本质是非线性的,为改善非线性下INS/GPS组合导航精度,提出将一种新的非线性滤波cubature Kalman filter（CKF）应用于INS/GPS组合导航中.为此,建立了基于平台失准角的非线性状态模型和以速度误差及位置误差描述的观测模型,分析了CKF滤波原理,设计了INS/GPS组合滤波器,对组合导航非线性模型进行了仿真.仿真结果显示,相对于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）,CKF降低了姿态、位置和速度估计误差,CKF更适合于处理组合导航的状态估计问题.     

基于GRU循环神经网络辅助的组合导航算法

针对复杂场景下GPS信号失锁导致的INS/GPS组合导航系统定位精度严重下降问题,提出基于GRU(门控循环单元)循环神经网络辅助的方法.在GPS信号锁定的情况下,使用GRU循环神经网络对IMU传感器数据、组合导航信息、GPS信息进行训练;GPS信号失锁后,利用训练好的模型进行预测,继续补偿INS结果.通过实际跑车采得的...     

INS/GPS/电子罗盘组合导航系统研究

根据船舶导航系统对导航精度的要求,利用联邦卡尔曼滤波技术,分别确立了INS/电子罗盘子滤波器和INS/GPS子滤波器的组合模式,设计了船舶INS/GPS/电子罗盘组合导航系统;仿真结果表明,将联邦卡尔曼滤波理论应用于INS/GPS/电子罗盘组合导航系统可以获得较为满意的导航精度.     

UKF在INS/GPS直接法卡尔曼滤波中的应用

提出将Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)用于INS/GPS组合导航系统的直接法卡尔曼滤波,避免了对非线性的系统状态方程进行线性化.以INS输出的导航参数及平台误差角等作为系统状态,惯导力学编排方程和姿态误差方程作为系统状态方程,GPS输出的导航参数作为量测,采用UKF方法对系统导航参数直接进行估计.仿真结果表明,UKF方法有效地解决了直接法卡尔曼滤波中系统状态方程的非线性问题,并使INS/GPS组合导航系统具有较高的导航定位精度.     

车载INS/GPS组合导航系统建模与仿真

为了准确地对车辆进行定位,实现导航功能,将两种常用的导航定位技术GPS定位导航技术与惯性导航技术进行组合,介绍了INS/GPS组合导航系统的仿真方案。因车载组合导航系统对精度的要求不是很高,采用低成本的机械陀螺和加速度计作为惯性导航系统的测量器件。INS/GPS组合导航系统采用位置和速度组合模式,分别给出纯INS,纯GPS,组合导航系统的位置误差比较。结果分析表明,组合导航系统精度高于INS和GPS分别独立工作时的精度。     

智能车辆中的INS/GPS组合导航技术

自主驾驶与辅助导航是目前智能汽车领域的一个热点.本文研究了一个由INS/GPS组合导航的智能车辆系统.该系统由GPS和INS组合实现,其核心算法是用卡尔曼滤波实现GPS和INS的数据融合.通过对INS的辅助,使这个组合导航系统具备容错能力,仿真结果表明,该组合系统满足定位和导航的功能.     

组合导航计算系统的Simulink仿真

采用联邦卡尔曼滤波算法,分析了INS/GPS/ADS/CNS组合导航计算系统的数学模型,然后以MATLAB/Simulink为平台,构建了INS/GPS/ADS/CNS组合导航计算系统的仿真模型并进行了仿真。结果表明:建立的仿真模型能正确仿真组合导航计算系统的工作过程,并且具有良好的可视化效果,为组合导航系统的研究提供了有效的工具。     

基于卡尔曼滤波的无人机组合导航系统设计

针对卡尔曼滤波在实际应用中遇到的系统通常不是严格线性的问题,改进了在组合导航系统中常用的卡尔曼滤波方法,用扩展卡尔曼滤波对INS和外部测量源的信息进行融合,推导了无人机GPS辅助惯性导航系统的导航方程.通过分析GPS和INS的定位原理,建立了GPS和INS的误差模型.完成了以INS为主导航系统,GPS作为辅助系统的组合导航系统的扩展卡尔曼滤波设计.最后,将线性卡尔曼滤波和扩展卡尔曼滤波的结果进行了仿真对比分析,结果表明:扩展卡尔曼滤波更适合系统为非线性的情况.     

基于因子图算法的INS/GPS信息滞后处理方法

针对全球定位系统（GPS）信息滞后导致惯性导航系统（INS）/GPS组合导航系统实时性差的问题,利用因子图算法可以在一个信息融合时刻处理各信息源不同时刻量测信息的特点,提出了一种INS/GPS信息滞后处理方法。在系统接收到GPS信息之前,因子图模型中只添加关于INS信息的因子节点,经增量推理求出组合导航结果,保证系统的实时性。待系统接收到GPS信息之后,再将关于GPS信息的因子节点添加到因子图模型中,修正INS误差,从而保证系统长时间高精度运行。仿真结果表明,当上一时刻实时导航状态量对INS误差修正效果随GPS信息滞后时间变长而逐渐变差时,可以采用上一时刻刚刚完成量测更新的导航状态量实现INS误差的有效修正。因子图算法在保证系统精度的前提下,避免了GPS信息滞后对INS/GPS组合导航系统实时性的不良影响。     

一种改进的高精度组合导航滤波算法仿真

在INS/GPS组合导航系统的研究中,为了解决非线性滤波算法在系统模型不确定情况下出现的滤波精度低、鲁棒性差的问题,提出了一种将强跟踪滤波算法与容积卡尔曼滤波算法(CKF)相结合的组合导航滤波算法(SMFCKF).SMCKF算法将强跟踪滤波算法中的多重次优渐消因子引入到CKF算法的状态预测协方差矩阵中,对不同的状态通道进行相应的渐消.通过建立INS/GPS组合导航系统的非线性模型,对改进的滤波算法进行仿真,结果表明改进的滤波算法提高了滤波精度和鲁棒性,滤波效果优于CKF算法,适合应用于INS/GPS组合导航系统中,为飞行器组合导航优化提供了参考.     

Real-Time Implementation of GPS Aided Low-Cost Strapdown Inertial Navigation System

This work details the study, development, and experimental implementation of GPS aided strapdown inertial navigation system (INS) using commercial off-the-shelf low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU). The data provided by the inertial navigation mechanization is fused with GPS measurements using loosely-coupled linear Kalman filter implemented with the aid of MPC555 microcontroller. The accuracy of the estimation when utilizing a low-cost inertial navigation system (INS) is limited by the accuracy of the sensors used and the mathematical modeling of INS and the aiding sensors’ errors. Therefore, the IMU data is fused with the GPS data to increase the accuracy of the integrated GPS/IMU system. The equations required for the local geographic frame mechanization are derived. The direction cosine matrix approach is selected to compute orientation angles and the unified mathematical framework is chosen for position/velocity algorithm computations. This selection resulted in significant reduction in mechanization errors. It is shown that the constructed GPS/IMU system is successfully implemented with an accurate and reliable performance.     

Optimization of Intelligent Approach for Low-Cost INS/GPS Navigation System

Due to the inherent highly nonlinear vehicle state error dynamics obtained from low-cost inertial navigation system (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) along with the unknown statistical properties of these sensors, the optimality/accuracy of the classical Kalman filter for sensor fusion is not guaranteed. Therefore, in this paper, low-cost INS/GPS measurement integration is optimized based on different artificial intelligence (AI) techniques: Neural Networks (NN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) architectures. The proposed approaches are aimed at achieving high-accuracy vehicle state estimates. The architectures utilize overlapping windows for delayed input signals. Both the NN approaches and the ANFIS approaches are used once with overlapping position windows as the input and once with overlapping position and velocity windows as the input. Experimental tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed AI approaches. The achieved accuracy is presented and discussed. The study finds that using ANFIS, with both position and velocity as input, provides the best estimates of position and velocity in the navigation system. Therefore, the dynamic input delayed ANFIS approach is further analyzed at the end of the paper. The effect of the input window size on the accuracy of state estimation is also discussed.     

Enhancing positioning accuracy of GPS/INS system during GPS outages utilizing artificial neural network

Integrated global positioning system and inertial navigation system (GPS/INS) have been extensively employed for navigation purposes. However, low-grade GPS/INS systems generate erroneous navigation solutions in the absence of GPS signals and drift very fast. We propose in this paper a novel method to integrate a low-grade GPS/INS with an artificial neural network (ANN) structure. Our method is based on updating the INS in a Kalman filter structure using ANN during GPS outages. This study focuses on the design, implementation and integration of such an ANN employing an optimum multilayer perceptron (MLP) structure with relevant number of layers/perceptrons and an appropriate learning. As a result, a land test is conducted with the proposed ANN + GPS/INS system and we here provide the system performance with the land trials.     

A novel hybrid fusion algorithm to bridge the period of GPS outages using low-cost INS

Land Vehicle Navigation (LVN) mostly relies on integrated system consisting of Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). The combined system provides continuous and accurate navigation solution when compared to standalone INS or GPS. Different fusion methodology such as those based on Kalman filtering and particle filtering has been proposed that estimates and models the INS error during the GPS signal availability. In the case of outages, the developed model provides an INS error estimates, thereby improving its accuracy. However, these fusion approaches possess several inadequacies related to sensor error model, immunity to noise and computational load. Alternatively, Neural Network (NN) based approaches has been proposed. In the case of low-cost INS, the NN suffers from poor generalization capability due to the presence of high amount of noises.The paper thus introduces a novel and hybrid fusion methodology utilizing Dempster–Shafer (DS) theory augmented by Support Vector Machines (SVM), known as DS-SVM. The INS and GPS data fusion is carried using DS fusion whereas SVM models the INS error. During GPS availability, DS provides accurate solution; whereas during outages, the trained SVM model corrects the INS error thereby improving the positioning accuracy. The proposed methodology is evaluated against the existing Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the Random Forest Regression (RFR) methodology. A total of 20–87% improvement in the positional accuracy was found against ANN and RFR.     

基于MLP神经网络改进组合导航算法

为解决GPS信号失锁条件下,GPS/INS(inertial navigation system)组合导航系统解算精度降低甚至发散的问题,提出采用多层感知机神经网络(multilayer perceptron neural networks,MLPNN)来辅助组合导航系统.在GPS信号有效时对神经网络进行训练,在GPS...     

Constant-round zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge with strict polynomial-time extractors for NP

Barak and Lindell showed that there exist constant-round zero-knowledge arguments of knowledge with strict polynomial-time extractors.This leaves the open problem of whether it is possible to obtain an analogous result regarding constant-round zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge for NP.This paper focuses on this problem and gives a positive answer by presenting a construction of constant-round zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge with strict polynomial-time extractors for NP.     

The integration of strap-down INS and GPS based on adaptive error damping

The concept and results of integration of a strap-down inertial navigation system (INS) based on low-accuracy inertial sensors and the global positioning system (GPS) have been presented in this paper. This system is aimed for the purposes of navigation, automatic control, and remote tracking of land vehicles. The integration is made by the implementation of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) scheme for both the initial alignment and navigation phases. Traditional integration schemes (centralized and cascaded) are dominantly based on the usage of high-accuracy inertial sensors. The idea behind the suggested algorithm is to use low-accuracy inertial sensors and the GPS as the main source of navigation information, while the acceptable accuracy of INS is achieved by the proper damping of INS errors. The main advantage of integration consists in the availability of reliable navigation parameters during the intervals of absence of GPS data. The influence of INS error damping coefficients is different depending on the fact whether the moving object is maneuvering or is moving with a constant velocity at that time. It is proposed that INS error damping gain coefficients generally should take higher values always when GPS data are absent, while at the same time their values in the error model (EKF prediction phase) can be additionally adapted according to the actual values of vehicle acceleration. The analysis of integrated navigation system performances is made experimentally. The data are acquired along the real land vehicle’s trajectory while the intervals of absence of GPS data are introduced artificially on the parts characterized both by maneuver and by constant velocity.     

基于改进时间差分的视觉/惯性组合导航研究

针对全球导航卫星系统(GNSS,Global Navigation Satellite System)在军事战争、室内和水下等情况下存在因信号缺失导致的全球定位系统（GPS,Global Positioning System）无法使用和惯性导航系统(INS,Inertial Navigation System)状态误差发散过快的问题,提出了一种基于连续帧时间差分视觉辅助导航的方法。为了抑制状态误差的快速发散,提高INS在长航时工作上的性能,分析了机器视觉连续帧间差分法,并对其进行了计算上的改进,设计了一种时间差分视觉/惯性组合系统,并进行了仿真实验和分析。结果与纯INS相比,均方根误差(RMSE,Root Mean Square Error)在北向位置上减少了19.0%,在东向误差上减少了32.1%,表明该方法有效抑制了纯惯性导航速度和位置的误差发散,延长了惯性导航的可用时间。     

Optimizing neuro-fuzzy modules for data fusion of vehicular navigation systems using temporal cross-validation

The last two decades have shown an increasing trend in the use of positioning and navigation technologies in land vehicles. Most of the present navigation systems incorporate global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS), which are integrated using Kalman filtering (KF) to provide reliable positioning information. Due to several inadequacies related to KF-based INS/GPS integration, artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been recently suggested to replace KF. Various neural network and neuro-fuzzy methods for INS/GPS integration were introduced. However, these methods provided relatively poor positioning accuracy during long GPS outages. Moreover, the internal system parameters had to be tuned over time of the navigation mission to reach the desired positioning accuracy. In order to overcome these limitations, this study optimizes the AI-based INS/GPS integration schemes utilizing adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) by implementing, a temporal window-based cross-validation approach during the update procedure. The ANFIS-based system considers a non-overlap moving window instead of the commonly used sliding window approach. The proposed system is tested using differential GPS and navigational grade INS field test data obtained from a land vehicle experiment. The results showed that the proposed system is a reliable modeless system and platform independent module that requires no priori knowledge of the navigation equipment utilized. In addition, significant accuracy improvement was achieved during long GPS outages.     

GPS/INS在天线平台控制中的应用

本文介绍以GPS/INS组合导航设备作为核心部件的一种新的平台控制方案。GPS/INS组合导航,可以长时间提供惯性导航信息,稳定的、动态的运动解析,同时提供准确的位置数据,速度数据及其他导航信息。GPS/INS组合导航不仅可以给天线平台伺服系统提供控制参数,而且可以实时记录导航和姿态信息以备雷达后期成像。